The transformer converts electrical energy from one circuit to another. Electromagnetic induction is used to do this. It’s known as a voltage converter because it can convert high voltage to low voltage and vice versa. A good-condition transformer is made up of two windings, the main and secondary windings. Step up and step down transformers are the two types of transformers provided.
Transformer Formula
A transformer is an electrical device that allows us to maintain power when increasing or decreasing the voltage in an alternating current electrical circuit. In the case of a perfect transformer, the power entering the equipment is equal to the power received at the output. There is a small percentage of losses in real machinery. Based on the phenomena of electromagnetic induction, it is a device that transforms alternating electrical energy of one voltage level into alternating electrical energy of another voltage level.
The power of an electric circuit is calculated by multiplying the voltage by the current intensity. The value of the power in the primary is the same as the power in the secondary, as in the case of a transformer.
(Input voltage on the primary coil) x (Input current on the primary coil)
(Output voltage on the secondary coil) x (Output current on the secondary coil)
Transformer Equation can be Written As,
[ V_{p} times I_{p} = V_{s} times I_{s} ]
If we know the input voltage and the number of turns on the primary and secondary coils, we can calculate the transformer output voltage.
[frac{Input, Voltage, on, the, Primary, Coil}{Output, Voltage, on, the, Secondary, Coil}] = [frac{Number, of, turns, of, Wire, on, the, Primary, Coil}{Number, of, turns, of, Wire, on, the, Secondary, Coil}]
Transformer Equation Can be Written as Follows:
[ frac{V_{p}}{V_{s}} = frac{N_{p}}{N_{s}} ]
Where
[V_{p}] = Primary voltage
[V_{s}] = Secondary voltage
[N_{p}] = number of turns in the primary
[N_{s}] = number of turns in the secondary
[I_{s}] = Input current on the secondary coil
[I_{p}] = Input current on the primary coil
Definition of Transformer Formula
The formula calculates the efficiency of a transformer. The transformer is an electrical device that transfers electricity from one circuit to another circuit using magnetic induction. The transformer has two coils, a primary coil and a secondary coil instead of wires with voltage differences in it. Transformers are used daily by people for different purposes as they use them as inductors or motor protection devices. The transformer has two types of transformer, step up and step down.
Types of Transformer Formulas
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Step-up Transformer: A step-up transformer is used to increase the voltage of an electrical current. It does this by taking a low voltage input and increasing it to a higher voltage output. The step-up transformer accomplishes this by using a larger number of turns in the primary coil.
A step-up transformer takes a low voltage and steps it up to a higher voltage by increasing the number of turns on the primary coil. The image above shows how this is done with an input of 12 volts and an output of 120 volts. The increase in voltage is due to the increased number of turns on the primary coil which then causes a decrease in current. This is important as it allows for smaller wires to be used when transferring power over long distances.
The step-up transformer can also be used as a boost converter, which takes low DC voltage and converts it into high-voltage AC voltage. This is used to power devices that require a high voltage, such as an electric motor.
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Step-down Transformer: A step-down transformer is used to decrease the voltage of an electrical current. It does this by using a larger number of turns in the secondary coil.
A step-down transformer takes high voltage and steps it down to a lower voltage by increasing the number of turns on the secondary coil. The image above shows how this is done with an input of 120 volts and an output of 12 volts. The increase in Voltage is due to the increased number of turns on the secondary coil which then causes less resistance or loss of energy, resulting in higher efficiency compared to its counterpart (step-up Transformer).
Turn Ratio
A measure for describing how many more or fewer windings there are in the Transformer’s secondary coil when compared to its primary. The ratio of turns is expressed as Ns/Np, where “Ns” represents the number of windings in the Secondary Coil and “Np” is equal to the number of windings on a Primary Coils
The Transformer Formula: Transformer Efficiency = Output Voltage / Input Voltage * Turn Ratio (Ns/Np)
An efficient transformer has a high turn ratio which means that it contains more coils or wires wrapped around each other inside with less resistance making them more power-efficient than low turn-ratio transformers. In addition, they can also be used for voltage step-up applications if their input is compared to the output. Transformers can be found in many devices such as microwaves, washers, and TVs.
The transformer formula is used to calculate the efficiency of a transformer. The transformer is an electrical device that transfers electricity from one circuit to another circuit using magnetic induction. The transformer has two coils, a primary coil and a secondary coil instead of wires with voltage differences in it. Transformers are used daily by people for different purposes as they use them as inductors or motor protection devices. The transformer has two types of the transformer, step up and step down
Some Common Applications for a Step-up Transformer Are as Follows
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Converting low voltages from solar panels or batteries to a higher voltage required by appliances or electrical equipment
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Step-up converter for 12 Volt DC systems to power 24 Volt or 48 Volt loads
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Boosting the voltage of an Alternating Current (AC) system to charge lead acid or lithium-ion batteries
Efficiency of Transformer Formula
The efficiency of a transformer is denoted by the letter ‘η’ and is defined as the ratio of output in watts (or kW) to input in watts (or kW) (and is also known as commercial efficiency).
The efficiency of transformer formula is simply as follows,
Efficiency = [frac{Output, Power}{Output , Power + Losses}] x 100%
Transformer Turns Ratio Formula
The number of turns on the primary winding divided by the number of turns on the secondary coil is the transformer turns ratio. The transformer turns ratio affects the transformer’s predicted functioning as well as the voltage required on the secondary winding. When a secondary voltage lower than the primary voltage is required step-down transformer – the number of turns on the secondary must be lower than in the primary, and vice versa for step-up transformers when the transformer turns ratio steps-down the voltage, it steps-up
the current, and vice versa, so that the voltage and a current ratio of an ideal transformer are directly related to the number of turns on the secondary.
The Transformer Ratio Formula for Voltage Is as Follows
[ K = frac{V_{1}}{V_{2}} ]
Where,
[V_{1}] = Primary voltage
[V_{2}] = Secondary voltage
The Transformer Ratio Formula for Current Is as Follows
[K = frac{I_{1}}{I_{2}} ]
Where,
[I_{1}] = Primary current
[I_{2}] = Secondary current
Step-up Transformer Formula
A step-up transformer is a type of transformer that transforms low voltage (LV) and high current from the primary side to high voltage (HV) and low current on the secondary side.
The primary coil turns are smaller than the secondary coil turns in a step-up transformer, which converts a low primary voltage to a high secondary voltage.
The step-up transformer formula is as follows:
[V_{s} = frac{N_{s}}{N_{p}} times V_{p}]
Where,
[N_{p}] = number of turns in the primary
[N_{s}] = number of turns in the secondN
[V_{p}] = Primary voltage,
[V_{s}] = Secondary voltage,
Step Down Transformer Formula
A step-down transformer converts a high primary voltage to a low secondary voltage. The primary winding of a coil in a Step Down Transformer has more turns than the secondary winding.
The Step Down Transformer Formula Is as Follows
[V_{s} = frac{N_{s}}{N_{p}} times V_{p}]
Where
[V_{p}] = Primary voltage
[V_{s}]= Secondary voltage
[N_{p}] = number of turns in the primary
[N_{s}] = Number of turns in the secondary
Solved Examples
Ex.1. The number of primary and secondary windings is 90 and 120 respectively. The secondary voltage is given by 310V, which determines the primary voltage.
Solution:
Given:
Np = 90,
Ns= 120
Vs = 310V
By using the transformer calculation formula, we get:
Vp/Vs=Np/Ns
Vp=Ns/Np x VS
VP= 90/120 x 310
Vp = 232.5 volt
Ex.2. The number of primary and secondary windings is 110 and 240, respectively. The primary voltage is given by 300V, which determines the secondary voltage.
Solution:
Given:
[N_{s}] = 110,
[N_{s}]= 240
[V_{p}] = 300V
The transformer formula is given by
[frac{V_{p}}{V_{s}} = frac{N_{p}}{N_{s}}]
[V_{s} = frac{N_{s}}{N_{p}} times V_{p} ]
[V_{s}] =240/ 110 x 300
[V_{s}] = 654.5 volts