Physics is a branch of science which deals with the study of matter and energy and their properties and their interaction. In simple words, physics tries to explain how different phenomena occur and how they are impacting us things work.
Physics is the most interesting subject for a student if one becomes familiar with formulas. The physics formulas of the 10th Class are mentioned in this article along with the concepts in a detailed manner to help the students and develop a strong foundation of the subject.
All Formulas of Physics Class 10
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What is Kinetic Energy?
The energy which is possessed by an object due to its motion is called kinetic energy. When force is applied to an object it produces an acceleration thereby producing kinetic energy. Kinetic energy depends on the velocity and the mass of the object.
Kinetic Energy Formula
The formula for kinetic energy (Ek) is given by
Ek=[frac {1} {2} mv^2 ]
Where,
m = mass of the object
v = velocity of the object
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Torque Formula
Torque is the turning effect of force that causes motion in an object. An object undergoes rotational motion, and the point at which the object rotates is called the ‘axis of rotation’.
Torque Formula is given by
T = F × r × sinθ
T = torque
F = linear force applied on the object
r = distance from the axis of rotation to the point where the application of linear force occurs
θ = angle between F and r
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Capacitance Formula
A capacitor is a device that stores electric energy in an electric field. A capacitor is an essential part of any kind of electronic device. The function of a capacitor is to store electric charge and supply it to the circuit whenever necessary. The potential of a capacitor to store electric charge is called its capacitance.
The 10th physics formula for the capacitance of a capacitor is given by:
C=[frac {Q} {V} ]
Where,
C = capacitance (which is measured in farads)
Q = charge (in coulombs)
V = voltage (in volts)
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Gravity Formula
Gravity is a force that causes attraction between two objects. It is the same force that causes objects to fall to the ground. This is also the same force that causes the revolution of the planets around the sun. Therefore, for massive objects which have large mass the force of gravitation is more.
The Formula of Gravitational Force
The gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of the two objects and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects.
Fg=[frac {G M_1 M_2 } {r^2} ]
Where,
Fg = force of gravitation
M1 = mass of the first object
M2 = mass of the first object
G = universal gravitational constant which is equal to 6.67 10-11Nm2 kg2
r = distance between the objects
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Work Formula
In physics, work is said to be done when a force applied to an object makes the object move. If a constant force is applied, work is calculated as the scalar product of the applied force and the displacement of the object. Work is a scalar quantity, i.e. it doesn’t have any direction.
Work is calculated by multiplying the component of force in the direction of displacement with the magnitude of displacement of the object.
Mathematically,
W= F × d × cosθ
Where,
W = work done by the force.
F = force applied to the object.
d = displacement caused by the force.
θ = angle between the displacement vector and the force vector.
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Waves Formulas
A wave is a disturbance in a medium or space. Waves transfer energy without transferring any actual matter. The waves which travel through a substance, material, or any medium are called mechanical waves. As the wave travels through a medium, the particles of the medium are displaced from its mean position in an oscillating manner.
A wave in which the particle of the medium moves in the direction is parallel to the direction of the wave and is called a longitudinal wave.
A wave in which the particle of the medium moves in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the wave is called a transverse wave.
For a transverse wave, the crest is the position of highest displacement of the amplitude of the wave. The distance between two consecutive crests is known as wavelength. The SI unit of wavelength is meter. Wavelength is related to the speed and frequency of the wave as per the following formula.
Wave velocity = frequency× wavelength
This is written as,
v = f × λ
Where,
v = velocity
f = frequency
λ = wavelength
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Refraction Formula
When light passes from one medium to another medium, its speed changes and it also bends from its original path. This bending of light while passing from one medium to another medium is called refraction. Refraction occurs due to the difference between the densities of the two media.
The physics numerical formula for the refraction of light is based on Snell’s law. When light enters from one medium to another medium having an angle of incidence ‘i’ and refracts by an angle of refraction ‘r’, then according to Snell’s law.
Where μ is the refractive index of the second medium concerning that of the first medium. The refractive index depends upon the material of the medium.
n1Sin1=n2Sin2
Also from this equation
Where,
n1 = refractive index of First medium
n2 = refractive index of second medium
[theta_1] – angle of incidence
[theta_2] – angle of incidence
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Temperature Formulas
Temperature is a physical quantity that is used to measure the degree of hotness or coldness of an object. The temperature formula is mostly used to calculate the average kinetic energy of particles.
Conversion of Temperature between Celsius scale and Kelvin scale: is given by :
K= C + 273.15
The temperature conversion formula from the Kelvin scale to the Celsius scale is:
C= K – 273.15
Where,
C = te
mperature in Celsius scale
K = temperature in the Kelvin scale