Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Ectodermal Cells”.
1. The _____________ tooth enamel and epermis are formed by differentiation of ectoderm.
A. reproductive system
B. digestive system
C. endocrine system
D. nervous system
Answer: D
Clarification: The nervous system, including the spine, brain and peripheral nerves; tooth enamel and epermis are formed by the ectoderm’s differentiation.
2. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has five parts.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Clarification: There are three parts of the ectoderm in vertebrates. The three parts of the ectoderm are: External ectoderm, neural crest and neural tube. The neuro-ectoderm comprises of the neural crest and neural tube.
3. _____________ discovered the three germ layers.
A. Heinz Christian Pander
B. Alexander Fleming
C. Rosalind Franklin
D. Paul Muller
Answer: A
Clarification: Heinz Christian Pander, a German-Russian biologist, and he was credited for the discovery of the three germ layers that are formed embryogenesis.
4. During the later stages of pregnancy, the ectoderm can be observed first in amphibians and fish.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: During the later stages of pregnancy, the ectoderm can be observed first in amphibians and fish. At the beginning of this process, the embryo dives into many cells, forming a blastula (hollow sphere like structure).
5. The process of ___________ within the ectoderm results in the formation of the neural tube, neural crest, and epermis.
A. neurulation
B. gastrulation
C. differentiation
D. organogenesis
Answer: A
Clarification: Once the embryo has three germ layers formed, differentiation among the three layers happens, this is followed by the process of neurulation within the ectoderm results in the formation of the neural tube, neural crest, and epermis. These three components of the ectoderm give rise to a specific type of cell.
6. Epermal cells give rise to the central nervous system.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS), melanocytes, cartilage in the facial region, the dentin of the teeth are created by the CNS and neural crest cells, which are formed by the differentiation of the neural tube cells.
7. Epithelium and Mesenchyme are the origins for all the organs rising from the ectoderm.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Epithelium and Mesenchyme, two adjacent tissues, are the origin for all the organs rising from the ectoderm such as the nervous system, hair teeth, exocrine glands, etc.
8. ______________ develop from ectoderm derived from the mesenchyme.
A. Cartilage
B. Mammalian teeth
C. Nails
D. Hair
Answer: B
Clarification: Mammalian teeth create from ectoderm got from the mesenchyme (the neural crest and the oral ectoderm). The epithelial segments of the stem cells for ceaselessly developing teeth structure from tissue layers called the stellate reticulum and the suprabasal layer of the surface ectoderm.
9. A condition in which tissue groups derived from the ectoderm undergo abnormal development is termed as Ectodermal Dysplasia.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: A condition in which tissue groups derived from the ectoderm (sweat glands, hair, nails, and teeth) undergo abnormal development is termed as Ectodermal Dysplasia, but it is a vague term as there are over 170 subtypes of ectodermal dysplasia. It’s been accepted that the cause of the disease is a mutation or a combination of mutations in multiple genes.
10. _____________ is a type of surface ectoderm.
A. Keratinocyte
B. Schwann cells
C. Astrocyte
D. Pinealocyte
Answer: A
Clarification: Keratinocyte is an example of surface ectoderm cells. Schwann cells are an example of Neural crest cells. Astrocytes and Pinealocyte are examples of Neural tube cells.
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