Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells”.
1. Induced pluripotent cells can be generated directly from ______________
A. adult cells
B. cancer cells
C. endometrial cells
D. epithelial cells
Answer: A
Clarification: Induced pluripotent stem cells (otherwise called iPS cells or iPSCs) are a sort of pluripotent Stem cells that can be created legitimately from grown-up cells. The iPSC innovation was spearheaded by Shinya Yamanaka’s lab in Kyoto, Japan, who appeared in 2006 that the presentation of four explicit qualities encoding interpretation variables could change over grown-up cells into pluripotent undifferentiated organisms.
2. ____________ are the most well-known type of pluripotent stem cell.
A. Red Blood cells
B. Adherent cells
C. Embryonic Stem cells
D. Carcinoma cells
Answer: C
Clarification: The most outstanding kind of pluripotent stem cell is the embryonic stem cell. Be that as it may, since the age of embryonic stem cell includes pulverization (or possibly manipulation) of the pre-implantation organize incipient organism, there has been much contention encompassing their utilization.
3. Induced pluripotent stem cells are _____________ in nature thus minimizing the chances of immune rejection.
A. autologous
B. proliferative
C. differentiating
D. adherent
Answer: A
Clarification: The most outstanding kind of pluripotent stem cell is the embryonic stem cell. Be that as it may, since the age of embryonic stem cell includes pulverization (or possibly manipulation) of the pre-implantation organize incipient organism, there has been much contention encompassing their utilization.
4. Yamanaka named iPSCs with a lower case “i” due to the popularity of the iPod and other products.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: The iPSC innovation was spearheaded by Shinya Yamanaka’s lab in Kyoto, Japan, who appeared in 2006 that the presentation of four explicit qualities encoding interpretation variables could change over grown-up cells into pluripotent stem cells. He was granted the 2012 Nobel Prize alongse Sir John Gurdon “for the disclosure that develops cells can be reinvented to progress toward becoming pluripotent.” Yamanaka named iPSCs with a lower case “I” because of the ubiquity of the iPod and different items.
5. The diagram represents the scheme for generation of ___________ cells.
A. induced pluripotent stem cells
B. embryonic stem cells
C. adherent cells
D. suspended cells
Answer: A
Clarification: (1) Disconnect and culture benefactor cells. (2) Transduce foundational microorganism related qualities into the cells by viral vectors. Red cells demonstrate the cells communicating the exogenous qualities. (3) Collect and culture the phones as indicated by ES cell culture, utilizing mitotically inactivated feeder cells (light gray). (4) A little subset of the transfected cells become iPS cells and create ES-like states.
6. The transcription factor TF-2 is a part of the original set of reprogramming factors for the production of induced pluripotent stem cells.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: iPSCs are commonly inferred by presenting results of explicit arrangements of pluripotency-related qualities, or “reconstructing factors”, into a given cell type. The first arrangement of reconstructing factors (additionally named Yamanaka factors) are the translation factors Oct4 (Pou5f1), Sox2, cMyc, and Klf4. While this mix is most regular in delivering iPSCs, every one of the elements can be practically supplanted by related translation factors, miRNAs, little particles, or even non-related qualities, for example, ancestry specifiers.
7. Reprogramming of human cells to iPSCs was reported on November 2007 by three co-dependent research groups.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B
Clarification: Reinventing of human cells to iPSCs was accounted for in November 2007 by two autonomous research gatherings: Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto College, Japan, who spearheaded the first iPSC strategy, and James Thomson of College of Wisconsin-Madison who was the first to determine human embryonic undifferentiated organisms. With a similar standard utilized in mouse reconstructing, Yamanaka’s gathering effectively changed human fibroblasts into iPSCs with a similar four vital qualities, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc, utilizing a retroviral framework, while Thomson and partners utilized an alternate arrangement of components, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28, utilizing a lentiviral framework.
8. ____________ is a transcription factor essential in order to maintain the pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells.
A. Oct-3/4
B. TF-2
C. TF-B
D. TF-3
Answer: A
Clarification: Oct-3/4 is one of the groups of octamer (“Oct”) translation factors and assumes an essential job in looking after pluripotency. The nonappearance of Oct-3/4 in Oct-3/4+ cells, for example, blastomeres and embryonic immature microorganisms, prompts unconstrained trophoblast separation, and nearness of Oct-3/4 in this manner offers to ascend to the pluripotency and separation capability of embryonic undeveloped cells.
Engineering,