Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Articular Cartilage Structure and Function”.
1. __________ cartilage is a thin layer of specialized connective tissue with unique viscoelastic properties.
A. Atrial
B. Articular
C. Elastic
D. Smooth
Answer: A
Clarification: Articular cartilage is a flimsy layer of specific connective tissue with one of a kind viscoelastic property. Its chief capacity is to give a smooth, greased up surface for low rubbing explanation and to encourage the transmission of burdens to the basic subchondral bone.
2. Injury to articular cartilage is recognized as a cause of significant musculoskeletal morbity.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Damage to articular cartilage is perceived as a reason for noteworthy musculoskeletal horribleness. The novel and complex structure of articular cartilage makes treatment and fix or reclamation of the deformities trying for the patient, the specialist, and the physical advisor. The conservation of articular cartilage is exceptionally subject to keeping up its sorted out engineering.
3. Articular cartilage is ____________ cartilage and is 2 to 4 mm thick.
A. hyaline
B. hydraulic
C. vascular
D. electrochemical
Answer: A
Clarification: Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage and is 2 to 4 mm thick. In contrast to most tissues, articular ligament does not have veins, nerves, or lymphatics. It is made out of a thick extracellular framework (ECM) with an inadequate appropriation of profoundly specific cells called chondrocytes.
4. Articular cartilage is devo of blood vessels.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Articular cartilage is without veins, lymphatics and nerves and is liable to an unforgiving biomechanical condition. Most significant, the articular cartilage has a restricted limit with regards to natural mending and fix. In such a manner, the safeguarding and strength of articular cartilage are vital to joint wellbeing.
5. The thin superficial zone that protects the deeper layers from shear stresses is called _______ zone.
A. tangential
B. lateral
C. transverse
D. traverse
Answer: A
Clarification: The dainty shallow (extraneous) zone shields further layers from shear stresses and makes up around 10% to 20% of articular cartilage thickness. The collagen filaments of this zone (principally, type II and IX collagen) are stuffed firmly and adjusted parallel to the articular surface.
6. The superficial layer contains a relatively high number of flattened chondrocytes.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: The dainty shallow (extraneous) zone shields further layers from shear stresses and makes up around 10% to 20% of articular cartilage thickness. The collagen filaments of this zone (principally, type II and IX collagen) are stuffed firmly and adjusted parallel to the articular surface.
7. The mdle zone represents 40% to 60% of the total cartilage volume, and it contains proteoglycans and thicker collagen fibrils.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: Quickly profound to the shallow zone is the center (transitional) zone, which gives an anatomic and practical scaffold between the shallow and profound zones. The center zone speaks to 40% to 60% of the complete ligament volume, and it contains proteoglycans and thicker collagen fibrils. In this layer, the collagen is sorted out at a slant, and the chondrocytes are round and at low thickness. Practically, the center zone is the principal line of protection from compressive powers.
8. The ______ zone contains the largest diameter collagen fibrils in radial disposition.
A. deep
B. mdle
C. last
D. first
Answer: A
Clarification: The profound zone is in charge of giving the best protection from compressive powers, given that collagen fibrils are organized opposite to the articular surface. The profound zone contains the biggest breadth collagen fibrils in a spiral aura, the most astounding proteoglycan content, and the least water focus.
9. The _______________ is the resent cell type in articular cartilage.
A. chondrocyte
B. cardiomyocytes
C. adipocytes
D. myocytes
Answer: B
Clarification: The chondrocyte is the occupant cell type in the articular ligament. Chondrocytes are exceptionally particular, metabolically dynamic cells that assume an extraordinary job in the improvement, upkeep and fix of the ECM.
10. In normal articular cartilage, tissue flu represents between 65% and 80% of the total weight.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: A
Clarification: In ordinary articular ligament, tissue liqu speaks to somewhere in the range of 65% and 80% of the complete weight. Collagens and proteoglycans represent the staying dry weight. A few different classes of particles can be found in littler sums in the ECM; these incorporate lips, phospholips, noncollagenous proteins and glycoproteins.
11. ___________ collagen represents 90% to 95% of the collagen in ECM and forms fibrils and fibers intertwined with proteoglycan aggregates.
A. Type II
B. Type IX and X
C. Type XX
D. Type L
Answer: A
Clarification: Collagen is the richest auxiliary macromolecule in ECM, and it makes up about 60% of the dry load of cartilage. Type II collagen speaks to 90% to 95% of the collagen in ECM and structures fibrils and filaments interweaved with proteoglycan totals. Collagen types I, IV, V, VI, IX, and XI are likewise present yet contribute just a minor extent. The minor collagens help to shape and balance out the sort II collagen fibril organize.
12. Synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) originate from the ________ surrounding joints.
A. synovial membrane
B. synovial humor
C. synovial disc
D. synovial jelly
Answer: A
Clarification: Synovium-inferred immature microorganisms (SDSCs), starting from the synovial layer encompassing joints, were first secluded in 2001, with predominant chondrogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo.
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