Waste Water Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Rural Sanitation”.
1. Which year was the Central Rural Sanitation program started?
a) 1986
b) 1996
c) 2006
d) 2016
Answer: a
Clarification: The Central Rural Sanitation Programme, which was started in 1986, was one of India’s first efforts to provide safe sanitation in rural areas. This programme focussed mainly on providing subsidies to people to construct sanitation facilities.
2. Which year was the Total Sanitation Campaign started?
a) 1989
b) 1995
c) 1999
d) 2004
Answer: c
Clarification: In 1999, a restructured Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) was initiated to create supply-led sanitation by promoting local sanitary marts and a range of technological options.
3. What was the percentage of rural households having access to toilets in 2011?
a) 20.7%
b) 30.7%
c) 40.7%
d) 50.7%
Answer: b
Clarification: A huge difference in the number of rural households with toilets. According to census 2011 data, only 30.7% of rural households had access to toilets in 2011. According to rural sanitation scheme data, the number was considerably larger at 79.9%.
4. How much is the population in India practising open defecation?
a) 600 million
b) 620 million
c) 626 million
d) 636 million
Answer: c
Clarification: India has the largest number of people who practice open defecation (626 million) and the most number of child deaths due to poor water, sanitation and hygiene conditions compared to the rest of the world.
5. When was India’s rural sanitation restructured?
a) 2011
b) 2012
c) 2013
d) 2014
Answer: b
Clarification: In 2012, India’s rural sanitation scheme was restructured as the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) acknowledges this. Its main goal is universal toilet coverage by 2022.
6. The Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) goals universal toilet coverage by the year _____
a) 2020
b) 2022
c) 2024
d) 2026
Answer: b
Clarification: The Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) goals not only universal toilet coverage by 2022, but also improving health and providing privacy and dignity to women, with the overall goal of improving the quality of life of people living in rural areas.
7. What is the average population in developing countries who do not have access to basic sanitation?
a) 1 billion
b) 1.5 billion
c) 2 billion
d) 2.5 billion
Answer: d
Clarification: Today 2.5 billion people in developing countries do not have access to basic sanitation services. This has a profound effect on their health, economic and social well-being.
8. What is the thickness of the compacted earth required for a top cover?
a) 20 cm
b) 50 cm
c) 75 cm
d) 100 cm
Answer: d
Clarification: A section of the trench has to be compacted with the bulldozer after its filled. The top, side and end of the section are covered with earth and the top is covered with 100 cm of compacted earth.
9. What is the maximum height of compacted waste?
a) 0.5-1 m
b) 1-1.5 m
c) 1.5-2 m
d) 2-3 m
Answer: d
Clarification: Each layer is compacted as the filling progresses during the course of the day until the thickness of the compacted wastes reaches a height varying from 2–3 m.