Principles
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Law of dominance
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Law of segregation
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Law of independent assortment
Independent assortment definition from the words of Mendel is that they will not resemble their parental genes. Hence, allele 1 cannot influence allele 2 on any terms.
Reasons for Independent Assortment independently distributed to each other and to that of their parents:
Mendel’s Experiment on the Law of Independent Assortment was set up with over 10,000 pea plants that he kept track of.
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In the F1 progeny (first generation crossing), he obtained round-yellow seeds only.
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The F2 progeny was labelled in the ratio of the phenotypic ratio and was inherited and scattered, individually.
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The F2 progeny was labelled in the ratio of the phenotypic ratio of was inherited and scattered individually. In the F2 progeny (second generation crossing), the seeds were self-pollinated, i.e., pollination between the same flower or genetically same plants.
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There were 4 unique results: Round-yellow (RRYY), round-green (RRyy), wrinkled-yellow (rryY) and wrinkled-green (rryy).
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The F2 progeny was labelled in the ratio of 9:3:3:1; the phenotypic ratio was inherited and scattered individually.
To better understand his concept, have a look at the real-time law of independent assortment examples as follows:
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Straight Red hair (RS)
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Straight Brown hair (RB)
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Curly Red hair (CR)
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Curly Brown hair (CB)
Similarly, real-life examples can be found for various di-hybrid conditions including blood type, child’s eye colour, the skin colour of cows, etc.
The law of independent assortment states that alleles of two or more genes are inherited independently within the gametes. Alleles received from one gene never influence the one received from the other gene. This is also called Mendel’s laws of inheritance as it was founded by Gregor Johann Mendel. This law lays the foundation for the history of human genetics. According to this the combinations of traits of the progeny is never the same as the traits of the parents. The law is basically based on the fundamental principles of Law of dominance and Law of segregation
The principles, the law of dominance and law of segregation, was proposed by Mendel after his thorough experiment and observation on a monohybrid cross with pea plants. He designed the law after thorough and careful observation on the characteristics of the pea plants’ colour (yellow and green) and shape (round and wrinkled). Both in the parents and in the progenies. He found that a particular trait produced in the progeny does not resemble the traits of the parental genes.
Example of Law of Independent Assortment
Say a father has red hair (RR) with a straight hair type (SS) and the mother has brown hair (BB) with curls (CC). The son or daughter (progeny) of this couple (parent) can have the following genetic characteristic:
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Straight Red hair (RS)
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Straight Brown hair (RB)
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Curly Red hair (CR)
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Curly Brown hair (CB)
Similarly, real-life examples can be found for various di-hybrid conditions including blood type, child’s eye colour, the skin colour of cows, etc.