Fungi is one of a kind organism that has their kingdom. They are not animals, neither bacteria nor plants. Fungi (singular: fungus) has eukaryotic cells which are quite complex and it makes fungi similar to plants and animals. The reproductive processes of fungi are complex as they can reproduce both asexually and sexually. Here you can study the processes by which fungi reproduce. Every student irrespective of the educational board has to study fungi at the middle school level. Here, you can check the importance, types apart from the reproductive processes. of fungi in detail. Knowledge about fungi can help you get outstanding marks in the examination.
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Importance of Fungi
Fungi is important to us in many ways. They can form anywhere and turn into food for human beings. Many other works are done with the support of this organism. Given below are some details:
Decomposition: Fungi boosts up the rate of decomposition and improves the quality of the soil. The reproductive processes of fungi are related to the decomposition of soil in many ways.
Food: Mushrooms and Yeast are different kinds of fungi that are food for human beings. Where mushroom is eaten directly, yeast acts as the fermenting agent.
Medicine: Some specific kinds of fungi can kill the bacteria. As a result, they are used as medicines. Many kinds of fungi are cultured and used to make antibiotics. Reproductive processes of fungi come into action when they are cultured for making medicines.
Importance of Spores in Fungal Reproduction
Spores play an important role in the reproduction of fungi. The fungus produces it as it enters the reproductive phase. These are generally created asexually but some can also be produced sexually.
Asexual Reproduction of Fungi
There are different ways in which fungi can reproduce asexually. Some details are mentioned here in a comprehensive manner:
Fragmentation: Thallus fragmentation is one of the most common ways in which fungi reproduce. There are a lot of filaments in thallus which help the single-celled living creatures to reproduce. Moreover, they can make colonizations by connecting through these.
Cell Division: When asexually reproducing, the fungi go through fission. It is another way they produce colonies. This is also known as cell division. A simple nuclear division of the cell takes place one after another and a colony is formed.
The filamentous fungi ( a specific kind of fungi) can form segments of their own. The spores and fragments are the main reason why fungi can reproduce fast and quite easily.
The Building of Fungi: Filamentous fungi can asexually reproduce with the help of budding. It is one of the common reproductive processes in fungi. The yeast cells mostly take the process of budding to reproduce asexually.
Budding occurs when a bud develops adjacent to a cell due to the continuous formation of cytoplasm. At a particular time, it automatically gets detached from the mother cell.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction of fungi is vital as it helps to develop the variable genes in the organism and makes it easier for them to get accustomed to new environments. There are many unique ways in which the fungi reproduce sexually. It has three different parts:
Plasmogamy: It is the state of sexual reproduction where the protoplasms go through a fusion and takes the cell to a haploid state.
Karyogamy: When the nucleus goes through a process of fusion it is known as Karyogamy. Here, the fungal cells enter into a phase where the two chromosome sets meet with each other. At this stage, the entire structure is called the zygote.
Meiosis: The meiosis in the fungi takes place as the orgasms start developing meiospores. It is one of the best sexual ways to reproduce in the fungi as total genetic variation takes place with the help of it. This way more unique fungi clusters are formed. These can further reproduce and keep on doing the same.
Did You Know?
The kingdom of fungi has more similarity with the kingdom of animals rather than plants. This is solely due to the reproductive processes of fungi.
Solved Examples
1. What is Meant By Filamentous Fungi?
Answer: Filamentous fungi are a specific type of fungi that has filaments on their body. This helps them to reproduce.
2. Where is the Thallus Present?
Answer: The Thallus is generally present in the body of fungi, algae, and bacteria. It is one of the main organs for reproduction. IT also helps in the colonization of the fungi. In higher organisms, the thallus forms a tissue. It is also known as connective tissue.