Category: Applied Chemistry Objective Questions

Applied Chemistry test focuses on “Fullerenes and their Properties – 2”.

1. The boron bucky balls are found in the year __________
a) 2001
b) 2002
c) 2003
d) 2007
Answer: d
Clarification: The boron bucky ball is found in the year 2007. The types of Bucky balls are in which the boron atoms are present instead of carbon bucky balls.

2. Boron bucky ball is more __________ than the buck minister fullerene.
a) Stable
b) Unstable
c) Complex
d) Simple
Answer: a
Clarification: The stability of the boron bucky ball is more than that of the buck minister fullerene. The boron bucky ball is denoted by B₈₀. It forms five or six bonds.

3. The boron bucky ball has _______ metal atoms.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: c
Clarification: The boron bucky balls have 80 carbon atoms forming a sphere which encloses a complex of three metal atoms and one nitrogen atom.

4. The boron bucky balls find potential use in __________
a) Diagnostics
b) Fuel
c) Fossils
d) Laboratories
Answer: a
Clarification: The boron bucky balls find potential use in diagnostics. The boron bucky balls can also find potential use in therapeutics and organic solar cells.

5. The common method to produce fullerenes is to send __________ between nearby two graphite electrodes in an inert atmosphere.
a) Large current
b) Small current
c) Large potential
d) Small potential
Answer: a
Clarification: The common method to produce fullerenes is to send large current between nearby two graphite electrodes in an inert atmosphere. It is a common method used to produce the fullerenes.

6. After applying the large current between the graphite rods __________ is produced.
a) Nitrogen plasma arc
b) Carbon plasma arc
c) Oxygen plasma arcs
d) Hydrogen plasma arcs
Answer: b
Clarification: After applying the large current between the graphite rods nearby it. Later those results in carbon plasma arc between the electrodes cools into sooty residue from many fullerenes can be isolated.

7. The fullerenes are extracted from soot using __________
a) Single step procedure
b) Two step procedure
c) Three step procedure
d) Multi step procedure
Answer: d
Clarification: The fullerenes are extracted from soot using multi step process. The preparation is usually done by applying the large current between the graphite rods.

8. Fullerenes are stable with __________ hybridization.
a) sp
b) sp²
c) sp³
d) sp⁴
Answer: b
Clarification: Fullerenes are stable with sp² hybridization of carbon atoms. The reactivity is increased by attaching active groups in their surfaces.

9. The electrophilic addition is done at _________ bonds.
a) 2-2
b) 3-3
c) 4-4
d) 6-6
Answer: d
Clarification: The electrophilic addition is done at 6-6 bonds. They reduce the angle strain. This results in changing the sp² hybridization to sp³ hybridization making it unstable.

10. When the other atoms tapped inside fullerenes to form inclusion compounds is known as ________
a) Exohedral fullerenes
b) Endohedral fullerenes
c) Exothermic fullerenes
d) Endothermic fullerenes
Answer: b
Clarification: When the other atoms tapped inside fullerenes to form inclusion compounds is known as endohedral fullerenes. The example is Tb3NeC84 which is egg shaped fullerene.

11. When a method is used as an inclusion compound it is __________
a) Metallo fullerene
b) Non metallic fullerene
c) Buckminister fullerene
d) Boron bucky balls
Answer: a
Clarification: When a method is used as an inclusion compound it is called as metallo fullerene. One of the examples is steel.

12. Some fullerenes are inherently chiral because they are _________ and have been successfully resolved.
a) D₁ – symmetric
b) D₃ – symmetric
c) D₂ – symmetric
d) D₄ – symmetric
Answer: c
Clarification: Some fullerenes are inherently chiral because they are D₄ – symmetric and have been successfully resolved. Fullerenes are sparingly soluble in many solvents. Common solvents for fullerenes are toulene.

13. ___________ is exhibited by fullerenes.
a) Dual nature
b) Sp hybridization
c) Dehydrogenation
d) Dehalogenation
Answer: a
Clarification: The dual nature is exhibited by fullerenes. The halogenation and hydrogenation are also done in the fullerenes.

14. C₆₀ is oxidised to form _______
a) C₆₀O₂₂
b) C₆₀O₂₄
c) C₆₀O₂₃
d) C₆₀O
Answer: d
Clarification: C₆₀O is formed when the C₆₀ is oxidised. If it is mixed with disulphide, the radical is forms spontaneously, whose stability depends on steric factors.

15. The same composition produced at ______ when the C₆₀ is ozonated.
a) 250K
b) 257K
c) 300K
d) 296K
Answer: d
Clarification: The same composition produced at 296K when C₆₀ is ozonated. The compound decomposes at 257 K into two forms of C₆₀O.

To practice all areas of Applied Chemistry for tests,

Applied Chemistry Interview Questions and Answers for freshers focuses on “Classification of Lubricants – 3”.

1. Lubricating oil thickened with metallic soaps or by adding solid forms __________
a) grease
b) vaselines
c) oils
d) petrol
Answer: a
Clarification: Grease is made from lubricating oil with metallic soaps or by adding solids like graphite, silica, talc etc. The petroleum oil they are not very simply lubricating oils, they are the lubricating oils thickener is dispersed to produce gel.

2. Stabilized erosion of the fine solid particles in liquid is called ___________
a) colloidal suspension
b) molecular suspension
c) colloidal dispersion
d) molecular dispersion
Answer: c
Clarification: Stabilized erosion of the fine solid particles in liquid is called molecular dispersion. When the molecular dispersion is takes place and then the lubricating oil started to show the characteristics and behaviour of the solid then it is said to be gel.

3. 99% of grease is produced from __________
a) petroleum oil
b) olive oil
c) castor oil
d) whale oil
Answer: a
Clarification: The semi-solid lubricants are generally made by incorporation of the lubricating oil with metallic soap to the liquid lubricants. 99% of the grease is produced from the petroleum oil. Olive oil, castor oil and whale oil are the types of liquid lubricants.

4. The more friction of the greases is due to their high __________
a) velocity
b) viscosity
c) temperature coefficient
d) buoyancy
Answer: b
Clarification: The more friction of the greases is due to their viscosity. They are very thick semi solid lubricants. If the speed in high then friction is also high and then the heat produced will be more. As, the greases are very poor coolants they will be overheated.

5. Slaked lime solution is mixed with tallow oil with constant stirring to produced ______________
a) solution base greases
b) cup greases
c) complex greases
d) lithium base greases
Answer: b
Clarification: Cup greases are produced by mixing the slaked lime solution with the tallow oil with constant stirring at hot condition. After soap formation is complete petroleum is added to it and mixed. Some amount of water is generally mixed with greases.

6. Calcium complex grease can be made from ___________
a) lime, fatty acid, acetic acid
b) calcium, lime, acetic acid
c) calcium, lime, acetic acid
d) lime, calcium, acetic acid
Answer: a
Clarification: Calcium complex grease is formed out of the lime, fatty acid and acetic acid. The grease can be formed by using the sodium, aluminium and lithium. That is why these lubricants have high melting points.

7. Complex grease fibers are formed by reacting two dissimilar ___________ with single _________
a) base, alkali
b) alkali, acids
c) alkali, base
d) acids, alkali
Answer: d
Clarification: Complex grease fibers are formed by reacting two dissimilar acids with single alkali that are used as thickener in many of the commercial complex greases. Additives like anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors and extreme pressure additives are added to the greases.

8. Lithium soap greases are __________
a) temperature resistant
b) fire resistant
c) water resistant
d) pressure resistant
Answer: c
Clarification: Lithium soap greases are the water resistant as they have combined advantages of the both calcium base greases and sodium base greases. They can be used at high temperatures. These properties of these lubricants are responsible for their use in wide range.

9. High mechanical stability is more for ________
a) sodium base greases
b) lithium soap greases
c) complex greases
d) cup greases
Answer: b
Clarification: About 65% of the market is captured by the lithium greases. They have high mechanical stability. They are also stable for storage. They are expensive and used for specific applications like in air crafts.

10. Sodium base greases can be utilized up to the temperature of ____________
a) 175^oC
b) 100^oC
c) 75^oC
d) 80^oC
Answer: a
Clarification: Sodium soaps are soluble in water and they are not water resistant. As they are not stabilized with water. They can resist up to a temperature of 175^oC. They can be used at ball and roller bearing at which there will be heat production due to heat.

Applied Chemistry for Interviews,

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Types of Corrosion and Passivity”.

1. Dry corrosion is also called as _________
a) Chemical corrosion
b) Electrochemical corrosion
c) Wet corrosion
d) Oxidation corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: Dry corrosion is also called as the chemical corrosion. The corrosion is divided into two types. They are dry corrosion and wet corrosion.

2. Anhydrous inorganic liquid metal surface in absence of moisture undergoes ___________
a) Wet corrosion
b) Dry corrosion
c) Galvanic corrosion
d) Pitting corrosion
Answer: b
Clarification: Anhydrous inorganic liquid metal surface in absence of moisture undergoes the dry corrosion. Atmospheric gases also undergo dry corrosion.

3. The rusting iron is the __________
a) Oxidation corrosion
b) Liquid metal corrosion
c) Wet corrosion
d) Corrosion by other gases
Answer: a
Clarification: The rusting of iron comes under the oxidation corrosion. Direct action oxygen at high or low temperatures will be on metals.

4. Chemical action of flowing liquid metal at high temperatures is __________
a) Liquid metal corrosion
b) Corrosion by other gases
c) Oxidation corrosion
d) Wet corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: Chemical action of flowing liquid metal at high temperatures is called liquid metal corrosion.

5. Corrosion between the dissimilar metals is called as __________
a) Galvanic corrosion
b) Dry corrosion
c) Oxidation corrosion
d) Concentration cell corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: Corrosion between the dissimilar metals is called as the galvanic corrosion. Dry corrosion also called as the chemical corrosion.

6. Wet corrosion is also called as ____________
a) Chemical cell
b) Electro chemical cell
c) Oxidation reaction
d) Liquid metal corrosion
Answer: b
Clarification: Wet corrosion is also called as the electro chemical corrosion. Corrosion due to the conducting liquid in contact with cathodic and anodic areas is called as wet corrosion.

7. Corrosion due to the corrosiveness of the soil is called as ___________
a) Soil corrosion
b) Oxidation corrosion
c) Galvanic corrosion
d) Concentration cell corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: Corrosion due to the corrosiveness of the soil is called as the soil corrosion. Direct action of the oxygen on metal causes oxidation corrosion.

8. Corrosion due to the formation of cavities around the metal is called as the ___________
a) Pitting corrosion
b) Soil corrosion
c) Water line corrosion
d) Galvanic corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: Corrosion due to the formation of cavities around the metal is called as the pitting corrosion. Corrosion between the dissimiliar metals is called galvanic corrosion.

9. Corrosion due to the flow of the _________ between the cathodic and anodic areas is called as the electro chemical corrosion by evolution of hydrogen ad absorption of oxygen.
a) Electron current
b) Proton current
c) Ion current
d) Neutron current
Answer: a
Clarification: Corrosion due to the flow of the electron current between the cathodic and anodic areas is called as the electro chemical corrosion by the evolution of hydrogen ad absorption of oxygen.

10. Corrosion due to difference in water level is __________
a) Soil corrosion
b) Oxidation corrosion
c) Pitting corrosion
d) Water line corrosion
Answer: d
Clarification: Corrosion due to the difference in water level is water line corrosion. Corrosion due to the formation of varying concentrations of the aeration.

11. Which of the following comes under the wet corrosion?
a) Concentration cell corrosion
b) Oxidation corrosion
c) Liquid metal corrosion
d) Corrosion by other gases
Answer: a
Clarification: Oxidation corrosion, liquid metal corrosion and corrosion by other gases comes under the dry concentration and concentration cell corrosion comes under the wet corrosion.

12. Corrosion is uniform in __________
a) Dry corrosion
b) Wet corrosion
c) Pitting corrosion
d) Water line corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: In dry corrosion, the corrosion is uniform and in the wet corrosion, the corrosion is not uniform. Pitting and water line corrosion comes under the wet corrosion.

13. Corrosion along the grain boundaries is called as __________
a) Stress corrosion
b) Inter granular corrosion
c) Water line corrosion
d) Pitting corrosion
Answer: b
Clarification: Corrosion along the grain boundaries is called as the inter granular corrosion and stress corrosion is due to the static tensile strength.

14. Dry corrosion takes place in __________
a) Homogeneous solutions
b) Heterogeneous solutions
c) Neither homogeneous nor heterogeneous
d) Both homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions
Answer: d
Clarification: Dry corrosion takes place in both homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions. The wet corrosion takes place in only heterogeneous processes.

Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers for Aptitude test focuses on “Sources, Impurities and Hardness of Water”.

1. The quantity of water available for the actual use is _________
a) 10%
b) 5%
c) 0.5%
d) 1%
Answer: c
Clarification: The quantity of water available on the earth’s crust is about 80% and the quantity of water available for actual use that is in the form of rivers, tanks is about 0.5%.

2. __________ of water is struck in underground which is not accessibly.
a) 1%
b) 2%
c) 3%
d) 4%
Answer: a
Clarification: 96% of the water is struck in the forms of oceans which is too saline to use it directly and 2% is polar ice caps and glaciers and 1% is under ground water.

3. ___________ is the purest form of the water obtained by natural distillation.
a) Under ground water
b) Sea water
c) River water
d) Rain water
Answer: d
Clarification: Rain water is the purest form of the water obtained by natural distillation. Some part of the rain water penetrates into the ground and there it will be stored.

4. Lake water contains more __________ due to the biological oxidation of the organic matter.
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Carbon monoxide
Answer: b
Clarification: Lake Water contains more amount of carbon dioxide due to the biological oxidation of the organic matter present at the bottom of the lake.

5. The colour and odour of the natural water is due to the presence of the ___________
a) Dissolved organic matter
b) Mud
c) Leaves
d) Other dust particles
Answer: a
Clarification: The colour and odour of the natural water is due to the presence of the dissolved organic matter. Dissolved gases like nitrogen, oxygen and carbondioxide are present in lake water.

6. Deep well water possess the rotten egg smell due to the dissolved ________
a) Sulphide
b) Sulphurous acid
c) Hydrogen sulphide
d) Hydrogen peroxide
Answer: c
Clarification: Deep well water possesses the rotten egg smell due to the dissolved hydrogen sulphide. The underground water is colourless and odourless.

7. Well water in wells located in the areas of oil and gases will contain __________
a) Ethane
b) Methane
c) Carbon
d) Nitrogen
Answer: b
Clarification: Well water in wells located in the areas of oil and gases will contain methane gas. When rain water falls on earth and flows on the earth and becomes impure.

8. Surface water appears turbid due to the presence of the __________ which remains suspended in the water.
a) Impurities
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Water plants
Answer: a
Clarification: Surface water appears turbid due to the presence of the impurities which remains suspended in the water. The dissolved gases make the water into bad odour.

9. Which of the following is the suspended impurity?
a) Iron hydroxide
b) Dust
c) Mud
d) Nitrogen
Answer: a
Clarification: The nitrogen is the dissolved impurity. The suspended impurities are iron hydroxide, silica are the inorganic impurities which decomposes the organic impurities.

10. The suspended impurities is negligible due to the filtering action of __________
a) Water plants
b) Dissolved impurities
c) Soil
d) Dissolved gases
Answer: c
Clarification: The suspended impurities are negligible due to the filtering action of the soil. The soil filters all the suspended impurities like silica and iron hydroxide.

11. How many types of absorbed impurities in water are there mainly?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: c
Clarification: There are four types of impurities in water are there. They are suspended impurities, dissolved gases, dissolved mineral salts and bacterial impurities.

12. In dissolved mineral salts ___________ gets converted into the bicarbonates by the action of carbondioxide by water.
a) Carbonate of calcium
b) Carbonates of magnesium
c) Carbonates of calcium and magnesium
d) Neither carbonates of calcium nor magnesium
Answer: c
Clarification: In dissolved mineral salts, the carbonates of calcium and magnesium get converted into the bicarbonates by the action of the carbondioxide by water.

13. ___________ water contains more soluble salts than the surface water.
a) Sea water
b) Rain water
c) Underground water
d) Tank water
Answer: c
Clarification: Sea water and tank water comes under the surface water and the under ground water contains more soluble salts than the surface water.

14. Amino acids comes under _________ impurity.
a) Dissolved impurity
b) Colloidal impurity
c) Dissolved gases
d) Bacterial impurities
Answer: b
Clarification: Amino acids comes under the colloidal impurities. All the gases like nitrogen, oxygen and carbondioxide comes under the dissolved gases.

15. Chemical composition of the lake water is _________
a) Constant
b) Not constant
c) Some times constant
d) Cannot be determined
Answer: a
Clarification: Chemical composition of lakes is constant. It has a high quantity of organic matter and lesser quantity dissolved minerals.

Applied Chemistry for Aptitude test,

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Biomass and Biofuel – 1”.

1. The term biomass most often refers to ___________
a) Inorganic matter
b) Organic matter
c) Chemicals
d) Ammonium compounds
Answer: b
Clarification: The term biomass is most often refers to the organic matters such as timber and crops grown specially to be burnt to generate heat and power.

2. Dead organisms also come under the biomass.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Dead organisms also come under the biomass. Some living organisms, recently dead organisms and by-products of plants and animals are also comes under biomass.

3. Biomass is useful to produce __________
a) Chemicals
b) Fibres
c) Biochemicals
d) Transportation fuels
Answer: d
Clarification: Biomass is useful to produce the transportation fuels. It is also useful to produce the renewable electricity and thermal energy.

4. Which one of the following is an example of starch crops biomass feed stocks?
a) Sugar cane
b) Wheat straw
c) Corn stover
d) Orchard prunings
Answer: a
Clarification: The grains and starch crops biomass are sugar cane, iron, wheat, sugar beats and instrial sweet and potatoes.

5. Which of the following forestry materials can be used as biomass?
a) Logging residues
b) Tallow
c) Fish oil
d) Manure
Answer: a
Clarification: The forestry materials that can be used as the biomass is logging residues. The tallow, fish oil and manure comes under the animal-by-products that can be used as biomass.

6. Which of the following is not used as biomass?
a) Hybrid poplar
b) Willow algae
c) Iron nails
d) Trap grease
Answer: c
Clarification: The hybrid poplar and willow algae are the energy crops that can be used as the biomass. The trap greases comes under the urban wastes that can be used as biomass. Iron nails are not the biomass.

7. The aerobic digestion of sewage is used to produce __________
a) Biomass
b) Bio fuels
c) Synthetic fuels
d) Metal articles
Answer: b
Clarification: The aerobic digestion of sewage is used to produces bio fuels. The fuels that can be derived from the biomass are called as the bio fuels.

8. Bio ethanol is denatured alcohol that is also called as __________
a) Ethylene
b) Methylated spirit
c) Ethylene glycol
d) Methylene
Answer: b
Clarification: Bio ethanol is denatured alcohol. It is also called as methylated spirit. It causes blindness on consumption.

9. The production of bio ethanol is by fermenting the _________ and starch components.
a) Acid
b) Milk
c) Sugar
d) Alcohol
Answer: c
Clarification: The bio ethanol is produced by fermenting the sugar and starch components of plant products. First it is subjected to the milling and mixed with water and enzymes.

10. The bio ethanol is subjected to rectification to remove ___________
a) Sugar
b) Enzymes
c) Yeast
d) Impurities
Answer: d
Clarification: After adding the water and enzymes, the sugar syrup and yeast is subjected to fermentation followed by distillation and the rectification to remove impurities.

11. The bio ethanol obtained in the fermentation process has __________ purity.
a) 99%
b) 99.2%
c) 99.4%
d) 99.7%
Answer: d
Clarification: The bio ethanol obtained in the formation process has 99.7% purity. The highest purity is obtained fermentation process.

12. The by-products that are produced during rectification of bio ethanol is used as_________
a) Pig feed
b) Cow feed
c) Dog feed
d) Sheep feed
Answer: c
Clarification: The by-products that are obtained during rectification of bio ethanol are evaporated, dried and can be used as dog feed.

13. To make transport fuel the bio ethanol is blended with _________
a) Diesel
b) Petrol
c) Oil
d) Kerosene
Answer: b
Clarification: To make the transport fuel, the bio ethanol is blended with the petrol. It is one of the applications of the bio ethanol.

14. _________ is called as the bio gas.
a) Bio ethanol
b) Bio methane
c) Bio diesel
d) Bio butanol
Answer: b
Clarification: The bio methane is called as the bio gas. It is used mainly for cooking purposes. It is mostly produced from animal wastes.

15. The percentage of carbondioxide in the bio methane is ____________
a) 30-40
b) 32-43
c) 35-45
d) 55-60
Answer: b
Clarification: The bio methane is the mixture of the methane, carbondioxide, small amounts of nitrogen. The carbondioxide is nearly of 32-43%.

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Fullerenes and their Properties – 1”.

1. A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of the carbon not in the form of hollow ________
a) Sphere
b) Tube
c) Ellipsoid
d) Cuboid
Answer: d
Clarification: A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon not in the form of cuboid. Generally, the fullerenes are in the form of spherical, ellipsoid or tube.

2. Spherical fullerenes are otherwise called as ________
a) Bucky balls
b) Soccer balls
c) Cricket balls
d) Tennis balls
Answer: a
Clarification: Spherical fullerenes are otherwise called as the bucky balls. They resemble to the balls used in soccer. They are similar in structure to graphite.

3. The fullerenes are composed with _________
a) Graphene sheets
b) Graphite
c) Lead
d) Other carbon materials
Answer: a
Clarification: The fullerenes are composed with stalked graphene sheets. The fullerenes are similar to the structure of graphite. The only difference is they can be n sphere, tube or ellipsoid but graphene is layers.

4. In fullerenes, the graphene sheets are linked with ________
a) Hexagonal rings
b) Octagonal rings
c) Trigonal rings
d) Decagonal rings
Answer: a
Clarification: The fullerenes are composed with the stalked graphite sheets that are linked with the hexagonal ring. They may also be linked with the pentagonal and heptagonal rings sometimes.

5. The first molecule was prepared in ___________
a) 1988
b) 1985
c) 1996
d) 1982
Answer: c
Clarification: The first molecule was prepared in 1985 by Richard Smalley etal at rice university, USA. They were awarded with noble prize in 1996. The name fullerene is given as homage to buckminister fullerene.

6. The smallest bucky ball cluster is _________
a) C₆
b) C₈
c) C₁₀
d) C₂₀
Answer: d
Clarification: The smallest bucky ball cluster is C₂₀. It is the unsaturated version of the dodecahedrane. The most common bucky ball is the C₆₀.

7. Hollow tubes of very small dimensions are called as _____________
a) Mega tubes
b) Carbon nano tubes
c) Bucky ball clusters
d) Polymers
Answer: b
Clarification: Hallow tubes of very small dimensions are called the carbon nano tubes having single or multiple walls. Potential applications are in electronic industry.

8. The fullerenes that are larger in diameter than nano tubes and having walls of different thickness are ____________
a) Mega tubes
b) Carbon nano tubes
c) Bucky ball clusters
d) Polymers
Answer: a
Clarification: The fullerenes that are larger in diameter than the nano tube and having walls of different thickness are mega tubes. They are having different sizes.

9. Mega tubes are used for __________
a) Transport
b) Chemical industries
c) Laboratories
d) Preparation of compounds
Answer: a
Clarification: Mega tubes are used for the transport potentially. They are a variety of molecules of different sizes. They are larger than the nano tubes.

10. The chain, two dimensional and three dimensional polymers are formed under ______
a) Vacuum
b) High pressure
c) Low pressure
d) No pressure
Answer: b
Clarification: The chain, two dimensional and three dimensional polymers are formed under high pressure. The high temperature is also maintained to form the polymers.

11. Spherical particles based on the multiple layers surrounding a buck ball core is called ___________
a) Nano onions
b) Nano particles
c) Nano clusters
d) Nano materials
Answer: a
Clarification: Spherical particles based on the multiple layers surrounding a buck ball core are called nano onions. These are proposed mostly for lubricants.

12. The buckminister fullerene is naturally occurring element found in ________
a) Earth
b) Soot
c) Smoke
d) Fog
Answer: b
Clarification: Buckminister fullerene is the smallest fullerene molecule containing pentagonal and hexagonal rings. They are natural elements and found first in soot.

13. The structure of C₆₀ is called as _______
a) Isohedron
b) Truncated isohedron
c) Trigonal
d) Trigonal bipyramidal
Answer: b
Clarification: The structure of C₆₀ is called as truncated isohedron. This resembles a foot ball structure. It consists of pentagons and hexagons linkage.

14. The vander-waals diameter of C₆₀ is ________
a) 1.1nm
b) 1.2nm
c) 1.3nm
d) 1.4nm
Answer: a
Clarification: The vander-waals diameter of C₆₀ is 1.1nm. There are twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons in the structure of the buckminister fullerene.

15. The bond length of the C₆₀ is ________
a) 1.1 A^o
b) 1.2 A^o
c) 1.3 A^o
d) 1.4 A^o
Answer: d
Clarification: The bond length of the buckminister fullerene is about 1.4 A^o. The silicon bucky balls are created around the metal ions.