Category: Applied Chemistry Objective Questions

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Applications of Nano Materials”.

1. For high sensitivity or selectivity environmental sensors to sense the gaseous chemical like _________
a) CO₂
b) NO₃
c) O₂
d) NO
Answer: d
Clarification: For high sensitivity or selectivity environmental sensors to sense the gaseous chemical like NO. The other gases are that are to be sensed is CO, NO, NO₂ and O₃ in high traffic environments are fabricated.

2. The nano materials are used in the light emitted electro luminescence devices.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The nano particles are used in the light electro luminescence devices. The find application in flat panel display technologies like television, computer monitor, etc.

3. The synthesized magnetic nano particles from _________ have been found to self-arrange automatically.
a) Zinc
b) Copper
c) Iron
d) Zirconium
Answer: c
Clarification: The synthesized magnetic nano particles from iron and palladium have been found to self arrange automatically. These materials are extensively used in the manufacture of magnetic devices.

4. The nano particles from iron and palladium are used to produce ________
a) Magnets
b) Magnetic lens
c) Magneto meters
d) Magnetic storage devices
Answer: d
Clarification: The nano particles from iron and palladium were synthesized and they are used to produce the magnetic storage devices. They produce only tetra byte storage capabilities.

5. Nano particles target the rare _______ causing cells and remove them from blood.
a) Tumour
b) Fever
c) Infection
d) Cold
Answer: a
Clarification: Nano particles target the rare tumour causing cells and remove them completely from the blood stream. They are also used in the many other drugs.

6. ___________ is the field in which the nano particles are used with silica coated iron oxide iron oxide.
a) Magnetic applications
b) Electronics
c) Medical diagnosis
d) Structural and mechanical materials
Answer: c
Clarification: Medical diagnosis is the field in which the nano particles are used with silica coated iron oxide iron oxide. They are embedded with magnetic colloidal particles sent into the blood stream.

7. DNA detection through the ___________ by using the oligonucleotide functionalised gold nano crystals is developed.
a) Colorimetric
b) Diathermy
c) Electro therapy
d) Treatment tables
Answer: a
Clarification: DNA detection through the colorimetric technique by using the oligonucleotide functionalised gold nano crystals is developed. The nano particles are where anti bodies react and binds the hormone and move rapidly.

8. Coating the nano crystals with the ceramics is carried that leads to ________
a) Corrosion
b) Corrosion resistant
c) Wear and tear
d) Soft
Answer: b
Clarification: Coating the nano crystals with the ceramics is carried that leads to the corrosion resistant and hard and wear resistant and ambient ductility.

9. The __________ to the ceramics are superior coatings.
a) Nano particles
b) Nano powder
c) Nano crystals coating
d) Nano gel
Answer: c
Clarification: The nano particles coatings to the ceramics are superior coatings. They make the ceramics corrosion resistant.

10. _________ of ceramic components are easier through nano structuring.
a) Lubrication
b) Coating
c) Fabrication
d) Wear
Answer: c
Clarification: The fabrication of the ceramics is easier through the nano structuring. Fabrication is the process of producing the things.

11. By nano scale distribution of the _______ in matrix improves the life and performance.
a) Carbide
b) Tungsten
c) Hydrides
d) Nitrites
Answer: b
Clarification: By the nano scale distribution of the tungsten in matrix. The matrix contains tungsten carbide that improves the life and performance of cutting tool materials.

12. Industrial catalysts should have _________ surface area.
a) High
b) Low
c) Moderate
d) No
Answer: a
Clarification: Industrial catalysts should have the high surface area. They should also have the capacity to attach any material to their surface.

13. The extensively used nano particles as catalyst is_________
a) Silver
b) Copper
c) Gold
d) Cerium
Answer: c
Clarification: The extensively used nano particles as catalyst are gold. Some of them are molybdenum, cerium oxide and nickel.

14. Due to _________ tensile strength some of the nano materials are used in air crafts.
a) High
b) Low
c) Moderate
d) No
Answer: a
Clarification: Dye to the high tensile strength some of the nano materials are used in air crafts. One of them is carbon nano tubes. They are used in the air crafts.

15. Fabrics are extensively made out of nano materials like ___________
a) Carbon nano tubes
b) Fullerenes
c) Mega tubes
d) Polymers
Answer: b
Clarification: Fabrics are extensively made out of nano materials like fullerenes. The sports goods and cleaning products are also made out of them.

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Saponification Value – 1”.

1. Saponification is the value of oil for which the number of mgs of KOH required to saponify the ________ present in the 1g of oil.
a) Fatty materials
b) Salts
c) Free acids
d) Bases
Answer: a
Clarification: The saponification is the value of oil determined as the number of mgs of KOH needed to saponify the fatty materials present in the 1g of oil. If it is free acids instead of fatty materials then it is called as neutralisation number.

2. It is __________ of fatty oils which leads to formation of soaps.
a) Alkaline hydrolysis
b) Alkaline electrolysis
c) Hydrolysis
d) Electrolysis
Answer: a
Clarification: It is alkaline hydrolysis of fatty oils which leads to formation of soaps. As the fatty materials are present in the oil, that oil on saponification that means on alkaline hydrolysis gives the soaps as product.

3. Which of the following is not saponifiable?
a) Ground nut oils
b) Mineral oils
c) Castor oil
d) Coconut oil
Answer: b
Clarification: The castor oil, coconut oil and the ground nut oil are saponifiable. The mineral oils are not saponifiable. They are mixtures of hydrocarbons and do not react with KOH. So, they are not saponifiable.

4. ________ get large amount of alkali to hydrolysis.
a) Baby oil
b) Liquid paraffin
c) Vegetable oil
d) Liquid petroleum
Answer: c
Clarification: The vegetable oils and animal oils need large amount of alkali to hydrolysis. They are the mixture of glyceryl and esters of fatty acids. Baby oil, liquid paraffin and liquid petroleum are the mineral oils and they are not saponifiable.

5. The saponification value of vegetable oil is _______
a) Very high
b) Very low
c) Moderate
d) Cannot be determined
Answer: a
Clarification: The saponification of vegetable oil and animal oil is very high. They are very high because it is difficult to hydrolyse them and require more amount of alkali for hydrolysis.

6. The different properties of the soaps is due to the ___________
a) Nature of alkali
b) Nature of the oil
c) Temperature variance
d) Nature of the fats
Answer: a
Clarification: The nature of alkali decides the properties of the soap. The main characteristics of soap can be determined by nature of alkali used in the hydrolysis of the soap.

7. Hard soaps can be formed by using __________
a) Kcl
b) Nacl
c) KOH
d) NaOH
Answer: d
Clarification: The hard soaps are formed by using the sodium hydroxide. The potassium hydroxide is used to produce soft soaps. Hard soaps can give the lather even with hard water.

8. The deformations caused in oil paintings are due to saponification.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The visible deformations occur due to saponification. The ground layers of oil paint contain heavy pigments of metals like zinc white and they react with fatty acids and cause saponification.

9. Fatty acids have _________ inter molecular forces.
a) Weak
b) Strong
c) No
d) Very strong
Answer: a
Clarification: The fatty acids have low intermolecular forces as they are formed from glyceryl. They are responsible for the lowering of the melting point of soaps.

10. The mixtures derived from the diverse fatty acids are _________
a) Glycerides
b) Bi glycerides
c) Triglycerides
d) Polyglycerides
Answer: c
Clarification: The mixtures derived from the diverse fatty acids are called triglycerides. They are otherwise called as tri-esters. They can be converted into soaps very easily by one or two steps.

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Analysis of Coal and Selection”.

1. In proximate analysis, which of the following elements can be found?
a) % of moisture content
b) % of carbon
c) % of hydrogen
d) % of nitrogen
Answer: a
Clarification: The proximate analysis is also called as quantitative analysis. It is used to find the % of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon in coal.

2. From the raw piece, coal is manufactured by ________
a) under crushing
b) over crushing
c) perfectly crushed
d) powdered
Answer: c
Clarification: The coal is manufactured by perfectly crushing the raw piece because if the raw material is under crushed and over crushed then the chemical content varies and cannot be good for combustion.

3. The moisture content in the coal can be given by heating the coal for _____ hours.
a) 2
b) 1
c) 4
d) 6
Answer: b
Clarification: To determine the moisture content of the coal, the coal is heated at the temperature 105-110⁰C in a silica crucible for 1 hour later it is dried, cooled and weighed.

4. To find the % of volatile matter in coal, it must be heated in the crucible at ______ temperature.
a) 5261⁰C
b) 3281⁰C
c) 825⁰C+10⁰C
d) 925⁰C+20⁰C
Answer: d
Clarification: The moisture free coal is taken into a silica crucible and again it is heated at the temperature 925⁰C+20⁰C for 7 minutes then it is first cooled in air and late in a dessicator.

5. To calculate the % of ash content the dry coal is heated in ____________
a) blast furnace
b) muffle furnace
c) reverberatory furnace
d) electric furnace
Answer: b
Clarification: The ash content is found by heating the moisture less coal in muffle furnace. Reverberatory furnace is a metallurgical or process furnace.

6. The % of the fixed carbon can be given by _________
a) %C=[loss in weight due to removal of C/weight of coal sample]*100
b) %C=[weight of coal/12*100]
c) %C=100-(% of ash)
d) %C=100-(% of moisture+% of volatile matter+% of ash)
Answer: d
Clarification: The % of carbon can be determined easily because the coal will have the highest amount of carbon content. So, from 100 we have to subtract the other contents % to get % of carbon.

7. High % of moisture is undesirable because _________
a) increases the cost of transport
b) increases the cost of calorific value
c) increases the cost of efficiency
d) decreases the cost of storage cost
Answer: a
Clarification: If there is more moisture content in the coal then it is difficult to transport it because the moisture will change into steam.

8. The moisturizing the coal before introducing into furnace is called as _________
a) moisturizing
b) filtering
c) tempering
d) combustion
Answer: c
Clarification: The process of moisturizing the coal is called tempering. Combustion means complete burning. Filtering is the process to remove unwanted contents from the substance.

9. Ultimate analysis of coal is also called as _________
a) quantitative analysis
b) elementary analysis
c) qualitative analysis
d) secondary analysis
Answer: c
Clarification: The ultimate analysis of coal is called as qualitative analysis and the proximate analysis of coal is called as quantitative analysis of coal.

10. In determination of % of C and H, the coal is burnt in the stream of _______
a) pure sulphur
b) pure nitrogen
c) pure alcohol
d) pure oxygen
Answer: d
Clarification: The carbon and hydrogen are burnt in the stream of pure oxygen so that they get converted into CO₂ and H₂O which are passed through Cacl₂ and KOH bulbs.

11. % of nitrogen can be determined by the process _________
a) dulong’s formula
b) orsat’s apparatus
c) kjeldahl’s method
d) fractional distillation
Answer: c
Clarification: The dulong’s formula is used to find calorific value of the coal. Orsat’s apparatus is used for analysis of the flue gas. Fractional distillation is used in purification of petroleum. So, kjeldahl’s process is used for determination of nitrogen.

12. During metallurgical operations, n₂ causes ___________
a) hardness to sample
b) softness to sample
c) moisture to sample
d) heat to sample
Answer: a
Clarification: During metallurgical processes, nitrogen causes hardness to the sample, but the presence of nitrogen does not affect the utility of the coal for great extent as it is present in small amounts.

13. Weight of the coal is 2g and after heating the coal sample, the weight of the coal is 1.82g. What is the % of the moisture in coal?
a) 20%
b) 9%
c) 10%
d) 30%
Answer: b
Clarification: We know that % of moisture=[(w₁-w₂)/weight of coal]*100, where w₁=weight of the coal sample, w₂=weight of the coal after heating. After substituting the given values in the formula, you’ll get 9% as an answer.
Here’s the calculation step-by-step:
((2 – 1.82) / 2) * 100
==> (0.18/2) * 100
==> 0.09 * 100
==> 9%

14. Find the % of C from the following data.

% of moisture:10g
% of volatile matter:9.5g
% of ash:11.6g

a) 68.9g
b) 62.1g
c) 63.1g
d) 70.8g
Answer: a
Clarification: We know that, % of C=100-(% of moisture+% of volatile matter+% of ash). Use the formula to get the answer 68.9g.

15. An increase in 1% of percentage of oxygen decreases the calorific value by ________
a) 1.7%
b) 2.7%
c) 3.7%
d) 4.7%
Answer: a
Clarification: The increase in 1% of oxygen results in a decrease of 1.7% of calorific value. So, always good fuel must contain less amount of oxygen.

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Methods of Reducing Water Pollution”.

1. The BOD value of the domestic sewage is about __________
a) 160
b) 161
c) 166
d) 168
Answer: c
Clarification: The BOD value of domestic sewage is about 166ppm. Total quantity of organic matter utilised is called as the BOD.

2. Non hazardous organic wastes from the sewage is to be separated from the ___________
a) Toxic industrial wastes
b) Bacteria
c) Helminth
d) Protozoa
Answer: a
Clarification: Non hazardous organic wastes from the sewage is to be separated from the toxic industrial wastes. The entry of the harmful things into water must be prevented.

3. Domestic water treatment is carried out under __________ conditions.
a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic
c) Cannot be known
d) Depends on the pollution level of water
Answer: a
Clarification: Domestic water treatment is carried out in presence of the oxygen. The oxygen is taken from the water. So, it is aerobic process.

4. The BOD value of industrial waste must be about _________
a) 100
b) 200
c) 300
d) 400
Answer: b
Clarification: The BOD value of the industrial waste must be about the 200. The BOD value of the paper industry waste is about 370.

5. The BOD value of the food industry is about ___________
a) 742
b) 743
c) 744
d) 745
Answer: d
Clarification: The BOD value of the food industry is about 745. This value is higher than that of the normal limits.

6. In domestic water treatment, after the primary treatment _________ is done.
a) Screening
b) Sedimentation
c) Aerobic process
d) Anaerobic process
Answer: a
Clarification: In domestic water treatment, after the primary treatment of screening is done. Later sedimentation process is done.

7. In the domestic water process, when air is sent during the active sludge, then _________ released.
a) Oxygen
b) Carbondioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Chlorine
Answer: b
Clarification: When the air is sent during the active sludge, then the carbondioxide is released in domestic water process.

8. In final step of the domestic water process, the effluent contain ___________ BOD.
a) 10ppm
b) 15ppm
c) 20ppm
d) 25ppm
Answer: d
Clarification: The effluent obtained in the final step of the domestic water process contains ammonia ion and having the 25ppm.

9. Aerobic process is also called as ___________
a) Activated sludge process
b) Sludge thickening process
c) Sedimentation
d) Screening
Answer: a
Clarification: Aerobic process is also called as the activated sludge process. The sludge thickening, sedimentation and screening are the steps involved in the domestic water treatment.

10. By aerobic process _________ of biodegradable water is converted into the biomass.
a) 10%
b) 30%
c) 50%
d) 75%
Answer: c
Clarification: By aerobic process the 50% of the biodegradable water is converted into the biomass and the remaining 50% into carbondioxide.

11. In anaerobic treatment the organic acid and alcohol is undergone into ___________ process.
a) Sedimentation
b) Screening
c) Catalysis
d) Fermentation
Answer: d
Clarification: In anaerobic treatment, the organic acid and alcohol is undergone into fermentation at 35^oC and the ppm of 5 to 6.

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Properties of Polymers”.

1. Polymeric molecules __________ a definite crystalline structure.
a) Have
b) Do not have
c) Completely having
d) Partially having
Answer: b
Clarification: The polymeric molecules do not have a definite crystalline structure. The non-polymeric molecules have a definite crystalline structure.

2. The polymer is 100% crystalline.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: No polymer is 100% crystalline or 100% amorphous. A polymer is a mixture of 60% crystalline and 40% amorphous.

3. As the crystallinity increases The brittleness of the polymer _________
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Moderate
d) Remains constant
Answer: b
Clarification: As the crystallinity of the polymer increases then the brittleness of the polymer also increases. The strength and chemical resistance of the polymers also increases.

4. A polymeric molecules possess the molecular weight _____________
a) Different
b) Fixed
c) That cannot be determined
d) May be determined
Answer: a
Clarification: When polymerisation takes place, the growing polymeric chains are terminated at different sizes of molecules. So, as a result the polymeric molecules have different molecular weights.

5. Weight average molecular weight __________ on the weight of molecules in a polymer.
a) Dependent
b) Independent
c) Partially dependent
d) Neither dependent nor independent
Answer: a
Clarification: Weight average molecular weight depends on the weight of the molecules of each type and determined by making use of colloidal properties.

6. The polymer absorbs ________ and swells in size.
a) Ethyl alcohol
b) Ether
c) Water
d) Methanol
Answer: c
Clarification: The polymer absorbs the water and swells in size. Slowly polymer goes into the solution viscous polymer solution which is heterogeneous.

7. ___________ is the property of recovering original shape after the removal of deforming strain.
a) Rigidity modulus
b) Youngs modulus
c) Elasticity
d) Bulk modulus
Answer: c
Clarification: The elasticity is the property of recovering the original shape after removal of deforming strain. Natural rubber possess high elasticity due to the coiled helix structure of poly isoprene.

8. The impact strength is measured as _________
a) Elasticity
b) Strength
c) Permeability
d) Toughness
Answer: d
Clarification: The impact strength is measured as the toughness. Below the glass transition temperature, the polymers break.

9. If the polymer is in the room temperature then it is ___________
a) Brittle
b) Viscofluid state
c) Amorphous
d) Rubbery
Answer: d
Clarification: The effect of heat on polymer is high. If the temperature changes, the state of the polymer will be changed.

10. The strength of the polymer increases with ________ in molecular weight.
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) No change
d) Slightly decrease
Answer: a
Clarification: The strength of the polymer increases with an increase in the molecular weight. The inter molecular attraction, presence of polar groups and chain length increases the strength.

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Nano Wires and Nano Cones”.

1. The diameter of the nano wire is about __________
a) 10^-6m
b) 10^-3m
c) 10^-8m
d) 10^-9m
Answer: d
Clarification: The diameter of the nano wire is about 10^-9. The name itself has nano. So, it is in the size nano. The nano means 10^-9m.

2. Which of the following are the super conducting wires?
a) YBCO
b) Ni
c) Pt
d) Au
Answer: a
Clarification: The super conducting nano wires are YBCO. The metallic nano wires are Ni, Pt and Au. The semi conducting nano wires are Ins, GaN and silicon wires.

3. A suspended nano wire is a wire that is produced in the ___________
a) Air medium
b) Vaccum
c) Low vaccum chamber
d) High vaccum chamber
Answer: d
Clarification: A suspended nano wire is a wire that is produced in the high vaccum chamber held at longitudinal extremities.

4. For nano metres whose diameters less than ________ are used as welding purposes.
a) 10nm
b) 20nm
c) 30nm
d) 40nm
Answer: a
Clarification: For nano metres whose diameter is less than that of 10nm is mostly used for welding purposes. This requires precise control of heating mechanism.

5. Nano wires are used in ________
a) Transistors
b) Resistors
c) Capacitors
d) Transducers
Answer: a
Clarification: The nano wires are used in the transistors. The key challenge for building the nano scale transistor is ensuring good gate control over the channel.

6. If pn-junctions were built with nano wires then the next step is to build _________
a) Transistors
b) Logic gates
c) Resistors
d) Transducers
Answer: b
Clarification: If pn-junctions were built with nano wires then the next step is to build logic gates. By connecting several pn-junction diodes the logic gates are produced.

7. Nano wires are also used as lasers.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: Nano wires are also used as lasers with potential as inter connect and optical data communication on chip. The high refractive index allows low optical loss in nano wire core.

8. Nano cones are the predominant structures made with _________
a) Carbon
b) Nitrogen
c) Hydrogen
d) Silicon
Answer: a
Clarification: Nano cones are the predominant structures made with carbon. Nano cones have height and base diameter of same order of magnitude.

9. The preferred opening angles of the nano cones are __________
a) 20, 30, 40
b) 20, 40, 60
c) 20, 40, 80
d) 20, 40, 50
Answer: b
Clarification: The preferred opening angles of the nano cones are 20, 40, and 60. The opening angles of the nano cones are generally not arbitrary. Those given angles are also approximate.

10. While synthesizing the nano cones the plasma temperature is above _________
a) 1000^oC
b) 1500^oC
c) 2000^oC
d) 2500^oC
Answer: c
Clarification: While synthesizing the nano cones the plasma temperature is above 2000^oC. In industrial process it is produced and decomposes the hydro carbons into carbon.