Category: Applied Chemistry Objective Questions

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Types of Corrosion and Passivity”.

1. Dry corrosion is also called as _________
a) Chemical corrosion
b) Electrochemical corrosion
c) Wet corrosion
d) Oxidation corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: Dry corrosion is also called as the chemical corrosion. The corrosion is divided into two types. They are dry corrosion and wet corrosion.

2. Anhydrous inorganic liquid metal surface in absence of moisture undergoes ___________
a) Wet corrosion
b) Dry corrosion
c) Galvanic corrosion
d) Pitting corrosion
Answer: b
Clarification: Anhydrous inorganic liquid metal surface in absence of moisture undergoes the dry corrosion. Atmospheric gases also undergo dry corrosion.

3. The rusting iron is the __________
a) Oxidation corrosion
b) Liquid metal corrosion
c) Wet corrosion
d) Corrosion by other gases
Answer: a
Clarification: The rusting of iron comes under the oxidation corrosion. Direct action oxygen at high or low temperatures will be on metals.

4. Chemical action of flowing liquid metal at high temperatures is __________
a) Liquid metal corrosion
b) Corrosion by other gases
c) Oxidation corrosion
d) Wet corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: Chemical action of flowing liquid metal at high temperatures is called liquid metal corrosion.

5. Corrosion between the dissimilar metals is called as __________
a) Galvanic corrosion
b) Dry corrosion
c) Oxidation corrosion
d) Concentration cell corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: Corrosion between the dissimilar metals is called as the galvanic corrosion. Dry corrosion also called as the chemical corrosion.

6. Wet corrosion is also called as ____________
a) Chemical cell
b) Electro chemical cell
c) Oxidation reaction
d) Liquid metal corrosion
Answer: b
Clarification: Wet corrosion is also called as the electro chemical corrosion. Corrosion due to the conducting liquid in contact with cathodic and anodic areas is called as wet corrosion.

7. Corrosion due to the corrosiveness of the soil is called as ___________
a) Soil corrosion
b) Oxidation corrosion
c) Galvanic corrosion
d) Concentration cell corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: Corrosion due to the corrosiveness of the soil is called as the soil corrosion. Direct action of the oxygen on metal causes oxidation corrosion.

8. Corrosion due to the formation of cavities around the metal is called as the ___________
a) Pitting corrosion
b) Soil corrosion
c) Water line corrosion
d) Galvanic corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: Corrosion due to the formation of cavities around the metal is called as the pitting corrosion. Corrosion between the dissimiliar metals is called galvanic corrosion.

9. Corrosion due to the flow of the _________ between the cathodic and anodic areas is called as the electro chemical corrosion by evolution of hydrogen ad absorption of oxygen.
a) Electron current
b) Proton current
c) Ion current
d) Neutron current
Answer: a
Clarification: Corrosion due to the flow of the electron current between the cathodic and anodic areas is called as the electro chemical corrosion by the evolution of hydrogen ad absorption of oxygen.

10. Corrosion due to difference in water level is __________
a) Soil corrosion
b) Oxidation corrosion
c) Pitting corrosion
d) Water line corrosion
Answer: d
Clarification: Corrosion due to the difference in water level is water line corrosion. Corrosion due to the formation of varying concentrations of the aeration.

11. Which of the following comes under the wet corrosion?
a) Concentration cell corrosion
b) Oxidation corrosion
c) Liquid metal corrosion
d) Corrosion by other gases
Answer: a
Clarification: Oxidation corrosion, liquid metal corrosion and corrosion by other gases comes under the dry concentration and concentration cell corrosion comes under the wet corrosion.

12. Corrosion is uniform in __________
a) Dry corrosion
b) Wet corrosion
c) Pitting corrosion
d) Water line corrosion
Answer: a
Clarification: In dry corrosion, the corrosion is uniform and in the wet corrosion, the corrosion is not uniform. Pitting and water line corrosion comes under the wet corrosion.

13. Corrosion along the grain boundaries is called as __________
a) Stress corrosion
b) Inter granular corrosion
c) Water line corrosion
d) Pitting corrosion
Answer: b
Clarification: Corrosion along the grain boundaries is called as the inter granular corrosion and stress corrosion is due to the static tensile strength.

14. Dry corrosion takes place in __________
a) Homogeneous solutions
b) Heterogeneous solutions
c) Neither homogeneous nor heterogeneous
d) Both homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions
Answer: d
Clarification: Dry corrosion takes place in both homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions. The wet corrosion takes place in only heterogeneous processes.

Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers for Aptitude test focuses on “Sources, Impurities and Hardness of Water”.

1. The quantity of water available for the actual use is _________
a) 10%
b) 5%
c) 0.5%
d) 1%
Answer: c
Clarification: The quantity of water available on the earth’s crust is about 80% and the quantity of water available for actual use that is in the form of rivers, tanks is about 0.5%.

2. __________ of water is struck in underground which is not accessibly.
a) 1%
b) 2%
c) 3%
d) 4%
Answer: a
Clarification: 96% of the water is struck in the forms of oceans which is too saline to use it directly and 2% is polar ice caps and glaciers and 1% is under ground water.

3. ___________ is the purest form of the water obtained by natural distillation.
a) Under ground water
b) Sea water
c) River water
d) Rain water
Answer: d
Clarification: Rain water is the purest form of the water obtained by natural distillation. Some part of the rain water penetrates into the ground and there it will be stored.

4. Lake water contains more __________ due to the biological oxidation of the organic matter.
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Carbon monoxide
Answer: b
Clarification: Lake Water contains more amount of carbon dioxide due to the biological oxidation of the organic matter present at the bottom of the lake.

5. The colour and odour of the natural water is due to the presence of the ___________
a) Dissolved organic matter
b) Mud
c) Leaves
d) Other dust particles
Answer: a
Clarification: The colour and odour of the natural water is due to the presence of the dissolved organic matter. Dissolved gases like nitrogen, oxygen and carbondioxide are present in lake water.

6. Deep well water possess the rotten egg smell due to the dissolved ________
a) Sulphide
b) Sulphurous acid
c) Hydrogen sulphide
d) Hydrogen peroxide
Answer: c
Clarification: Deep well water possesses the rotten egg smell due to the dissolved hydrogen sulphide. The underground water is colourless and odourless.

7. Well water in wells located in the areas of oil and gases will contain __________
a) Ethane
b) Methane
c) Carbon
d) Nitrogen
Answer: b
Clarification: Well water in wells located in the areas of oil and gases will contain methane gas. When rain water falls on earth and flows on the earth and becomes impure.

8. Surface water appears turbid due to the presence of the __________ which remains suspended in the water.
a) Impurities
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Water plants
Answer: a
Clarification: Surface water appears turbid due to the presence of the impurities which remains suspended in the water. The dissolved gases make the water into bad odour.

9. Which of the following is the suspended impurity?
a) Iron hydroxide
b) Dust
c) Mud
d) Nitrogen
Answer: a
Clarification: The nitrogen is the dissolved impurity. The suspended impurities are iron hydroxide, silica are the inorganic impurities which decomposes the organic impurities.

10. The suspended impurities is negligible due to the filtering action of __________
a) Water plants
b) Dissolved impurities
c) Soil
d) Dissolved gases
Answer: c
Clarification: The suspended impurities are negligible due to the filtering action of the soil. The soil filters all the suspended impurities like silica and iron hydroxide.

11. How many types of absorbed impurities in water are there mainly?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: c
Clarification: There are four types of impurities in water are there. They are suspended impurities, dissolved gases, dissolved mineral salts and bacterial impurities.

12. In dissolved mineral salts ___________ gets converted into the bicarbonates by the action of carbondioxide by water.
a) Carbonate of calcium
b) Carbonates of magnesium
c) Carbonates of calcium and magnesium
d) Neither carbonates of calcium nor magnesium
Answer: c
Clarification: In dissolved mineral salts, the carbonates of calcium and magnesium get converted into the bicarbonates by the action of the carbondioxide by water.

13. ___________ water contains more soluble salts than the surface water.
a) Sea water
b) Rain water
c) Underground water
d) Tank water
Answer: c
Clarification: Sea water and tank water comes under the surface water and the under ground water contains more soluble salts than the surface water.

14. Amino acids comes under _________ impurity.
a) Dissolved impurity
b) Colloidal impurity
c) Dissolved gases
d) Bacterial impurities
Answer: b
Clarification: Amino acids comes under the colloidal impurities. All the gases like nitrogen, oxygen and carbondioxide comes under the dissolved gases.

15. Chemical composition of the lake water is _________
a) Constant
b) Not constant
c) Some times constant
d) Cannot be determined
Answer: a
Clarification: Chemical composition of lakes is constant. It has a high quantity of organic matter and lesser quantity dissolved minerals.

Applied Chemistry for Aptitude test,

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Biomass and Biofuel – 1”.

1. The term biomass most often refers to ___________
a) Inorganic matter
b) Organic matter
c) Chemicals
d) Ammonium compounds
Answer: b
Clarification: The term biomass is most often refers to the organic matters such as timber and crops grown specially to be burnt to generate heat and power.

2. Dead organisms also come under the biomass.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Dead organisms also come under the biomass. Some living organisms, recently dead organisms and by-products of plants and animals are also comes under biomass.

3. Biomass is useful to produce __________
a) Chemicals
b) Fibres
c) Biochemicals
d) Transportation fuels
Answer: d
Clarification: Biomass is useful to produce the transportation fuels. It is also useful to produce the renewable electricity and thermal energy.

4. Which one of the following is an example of starch crops biomass feed stocks?
a) Sugar cane
b) Wheat straw
c) Corn stover
d) Orchard prunings
Answer: a
Clarification: The grains and starch crops biomass are sugar cane, iron, wheat, sugar beats and instrial sweet and potatoes.

5. Which of the following forestry materials can be used as biomass?
a) Logging residues
b) Tallow
c) Fish oil
d) Manure
Answer: a
Clarification: The forestry materials that can be used as the biomass is logging residues. The tallow, fish oil and manure comes under the animal-by-products that can be used as biomass.

6. Which of the following is not used as biomass?
a) Hybrid poplar
b) Willow algae
c) Iron nails
d) Trap grease
Answer: c
Clarification: The hybrid poplar and willow algae are the energy crops that can be used as the biomass. The trap greases comes under the urban wastes that can be used as biomass. Iron nails are not the biomass.

7. The aerobic digestion of sewage is used to produce __________
a) Biomass
b) Bio fuels
c) Synthetic fuels
d) Metal articles
Answer: b
Clarification: The aerobic digestion of sewage is used to produces bio fuels. The fuels that can be derived from the biomass are called as the bio fuels.

8. Bio ethanol is denatured alcohol that is also called as __________
a) Ethylene
b) Methylated spirit
c) Ethylene glycol
d) Methylene
Answer: b
Clarification: Bio ethanol is denatured alcohol. It is also called as methylated spirit. It causes blindness on consumption.

9. The production of bio ethanol is by fermenting the _________ and starch components.
a) Acid
b) Milk
c) Sugar
d) Alcohol
Answer: c
Clarification: The bio ethanol is produced by fermenting the sugar and starch components of plant products. First it is subjected to the milling and mixed with water and enzymes.

10. The bio ethanol is subjected to rectification to remove ___________
a) Sugar
b) Enzymes
c) Yeast
d) Impurities
Answer: d
Clarification: After adding the water and enzymes, the sugar syrup and yeast is subjected to fermentation followed by distillation and the rectification to remove impurities.

11. The bio ethanol obtained in the fermentation process has __________ purity.
a) 99%
b) 99.2%
c) 99.4%
d) 99.7%
Answer: d
Clarification: The bio ethanol obtained in the formation process has 99.7% purity. The highest purity is obtained fermentation process.

12. The by-products that are produced during rectification of bio ethanol is used as_________
a) Pig feed
b) Cow feed
c) Dog feed
d) Sheep feed
Answer: c
Clarification: The by-products that are obtained during rectification of bio ethanol are evaporated, dried and can be used as dog feed.

13. To make transport fuel the bio ethanol is blended with _________
a) Diesel
b) Petrol
c) Oil
d) Kerosene
Answer: b
Clarification: To make the transport fuel, the bio ethanol is blended with the petrol. It is one of the applications of the bio ethanol.

14. _________ is called as the bio gas.
a) Bio ethanol
b) Bio methane
c) Bio diesel
d) Bio butanol
Answer: b
Clarification: The bio methane is called as the bio gas. It is used mainly for cooking purposes. It is mostly produced from animal wastes.

15. The percentage of carbondioxide in the bio methane is ____________
a) 30-40
b) 32-43
c) 35-45
d) 55-60
Answer: b
Clarification: The bio methane is the mixture of the methane, carbondioxide, small amounts of nitrogen. The carbondioxide is nearly of 32-43%.

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Fullerenes and their Properties – 1”.

1. A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of the carbon not in the form of hollow ________
a) Sphere
b) Tube
c) Ellipsoid
d) Cuboid
Answer: d
Clarification: A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon not in the form of cuboid. Generally, the fullerenes are in the form of spherical, ellipsoid or tube.

2. Spherical fullerenes are otherwise called as ________
a) Bucky balls
b) Soccer balls
c) Cricket balls
d) Tennis balls
Answer: a
Clarification: Spherical fullerenes are otherwise called as the bucky balls. They resemble to the balls used in soccer. They are similar in structure to graphite.

3. The fullerenes are composed with _________
a) Graphene sheets
b) Graphite
c) Lead
d) Other carbon materials
Answer: a
Clarification: The fullerenes are composed with stalked graphene sheets. The fullerenes are similar to the structure of graphite. The only difference is they can be n sphere, tube or ellipsoid but graphene is layers.

4. In fullerenes, the graphene sheets are linked with ________
a) Hexagonal rings
b) Octagonal rings
c) Trigonal rings
d) Decagonal rings
Answer: a
Clarification: The fullerenes are composed with the stalked graphite sheets that are linked with the hexagonal ring. They may also be linked with the pentagonal and heptagonal rings sometimes.

5. The first molecule was prepared in ___________
a) 1988
b) 1985
c) 1996
d) 1982
Answer: c
Clarification: The first molecule was prepared in 1985 by Richard Smalley etal at rice university, USA. They were awarded with noble prize in 1996. The name fullerene is given as homage to buckminister fullerene.

6. The smallest bucky ball cluster is _________
a) C₆
b) C₈
c) C₁₀
d) C₂₀
Answer: d
Clarification: The smallest bucky ball cluster is C₂₀. It is the unsaturated version of the dodecahedrane. The most common bucky ball is the C₆₀.

7. Hollow tubes of very small dimensions are called as _____________
a) Mega tubes
b) Carbon nano tubes
c) Bucky ball clusters
d) Polymers
Answer: b
Clarification: Hallow tubes of very small dimensions are called the carbon nano tubes having single or multiple walls. Potential applications are in electronic industry.

8. The fullerenes that are larger in diameter than nano tubes and having walls of different thickness are ____________
a) Mega tubes
b) Carbon nano tubes
c) Bucky ball clusters
d) Polymers
Answer: a
Clarification: The fullerenes that are larger in diameter than the nano tube and having walls of different thickness are mega tubes. They are having different sizes.

9. Mega tubes are used for __________
a) Transport
b) Chemical industries
c) Laboratories
d) Preparation of compounds
Answer: a
Clarification: Mega tubes are used for the transport potentially. They are a variety of molecules of different sizes. They are larger than the nano tubes.

10. The chain, two dimensional and three dimensional polymers are formed under ______
a) Vacuum
b) High pressure
c) Low pressure
d) No pressure
Answer: b
Clarification: The chain, two dimensional and three dimensional polymers are formed under high pressure. The high temperature is also maintained to form the polymers.

11. Spherical particles based on the multiple layers surrounding a buck ball core is called ___________
a) Nano onions
b) Nano particles
c) Nano clusters
d) Nano materials
Answer: a
Clarification: Spherical particles based on the multiple layers surrounding a buck ball core are called nano onions. These are proposed mostly for lubricants.

12. The buckminister fullerene is naturally occurring element found in ________
a) Earth
b) Soot
c) Smoke
d) Fog
Answer: b
Clarification: Buckminister fullerene is the smallest fullerene molecule containing pentagonal and hexagonal rings. They are natural elements and found first in soot.

13. The structure of C₆₀ is called as _______
a) Isohedron
b) Truncated isohedron
c) Trigonal
d) Trigonal bipyramidal
Answer: b
Clarification: The structure of C₆₀ is called as truncated isohedron. This resembles a foot ball structure. It consists of pentagons and hexagons linkage.

14. The vander-waals diameter of C₆₀ is ________
a) 1.1nm
b) 1.2nm
c) 1.3nm
d) 1.4nm
Answer: a
Clarification: The vander-waals diameter of C₆₀ is 1.1nm. There are twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons in the structure of the buckminister fullerene.

15. The bond length of the C₆₀ is ________
a) 1.1 A^o
b) 1.2 A^o
c) 1.3 A^o
d) 1.4 A^o
Answer: d
Clarification: The bond length of the buckminister fullerene is about 1.4 A^o. The silicon bucky balls are created around the metal ions.

Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers for Freshers focuses on “Classification of Lubricants – 2”.

1. The molecular structure of the organic lubricants consists of ____________
a) pyramidal
b) tetrahedral
c) trigonal planar
d) long chain
Answer: d
Clarification: The molecular structure of the organic lubricants is in the form of long chains. The molecular chains are parallel. The bonding strength between the molecules is very weak and may slide on each other.

2. Soaps are metal salts of _________
a) fatty acids
b) carboxylic acids
c) amino acids
d) inorganic acids
Answer: a
Clarification: Soaps are the metal salts of the fatty acids. Lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium are the metal salts. Soap molecules will be attached to substrate surface of the soap lubricant.

3. Soaps are prepared by chemical treating of _________ by strong alkaline solutions.
a) Oils and salts
b) Oils and fats
c) Salts and fats
d) Fats and proteins
Answer: b
Clarification: Soaps are made up of the chemical treatment of the oils and fats by strong alkaline solution. The soap molecule is the long non-polar tail which is hydrophobic end and the other is salt polar end which is the hydrophilic end.

4. Mobility of the solid lubricants on the adsorbents promotes ___________
a) Self-healing
b) Maintain the molecular structure
c) Ineffectiveness
d) Effectiveness
Answer: a
Clarification: Mobility of solid lubricants on the surface of adsorbates promotes the self healing. It also prolongs the endurance of the films. As long as the film remains intact it can be protected.

5. Insulators making rubbing contact require _______
a) Low conductivity
b) High conductivity
c) Low pressure
d) High pressure
Answer: a
Clarification: Insulators making rubber contact needed low electrical conductivity. In some other applications of the solid lubricants, the high electrical conductivities. Sliding electric contact requires high electrical conductivity.

6. Only lamellar structure lubricants provide lubrication.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The statement lamellar structure lubricants provide lubrication is wrong because the non-lamellar lubricants also provide good lubrication. The lamellar structure is more likely to produce high lubrication.

7. If melting point increases, then the atomic bonds will _________
a) Become strong
b) Become weak
c) Be destroyed
d) Be with moderate strength
Answer: c
Clarification: As the melting point increases, the atomic bonds will be destroyed. It makes the lubrication less effective.

8. The lubricant should have __________ vapor pressure.
a) High
b) Extreme
c) Moderate
d) Low
Answer: d
Clarification: The ideal lubricant must have low vapour pressure for any application because in most of the applications of the lubricants, the lubricants must have low pressure and high temperature resistant.

9. What is the range of coefficient of friction for solid lubricants?
a) 0.005-0.01
b) 0.001-0.01
c) 0.0001-0.001
d) 0.0005-0.001
Answer: a
Clarification: The range of the coefficient of friction for solid lubricants is very less that of 0.005-0.01. This must be low for effective lubrication because the lubricant is mainly used to control the friction between the machine parts.

10. What is the thickness of the MoS₂ film?
a) 10µm
b) 15µm
c) 5µm
d) 20µm
Answer: b
Clarification: The thickness of the MoS₂ film is about 15µm. This is the lubricant having lamellar structure with low shear strength and effective in lubrication. It forms a very thin layer on surfaces.

Applied Chemistry for Freshers,

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Corrosion”.

1. In corrosion, as a result of decay, the metals are not converted into __________
a) Oxides
b) Hydroxides
c) Carbonates
d) Peroxides
Answer: d
Clarification: In corrosion, as a result of decay the metals are not converted into peroxide. They are converted into the oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and sulphides.

2. The metals except ________ exist in nature in the form of their minerals or ores.
a) Gold
b) Silver
c) Copper
d) Iron
Answer: a
Clarification: Most of the metals except gold and platinum exist in nature in the form of their minerals or ores, in the stable combine forms as oxide, chlorides, etc.

3. Iron undergoes corrosion to produce __________ coloured hydrated ferric oxide.
a) Red
b) Brown
c) Green
d) Blue
Answer: b
Clarification: Iron undergoes corrosion to produce the brown coloured hydrated ferric oxide which is nothing but rust on the surface of the metal.

4. The corrosion is the reverse process of ____________
a) Metal extraction
b) Metal production
c) Metal heating
d) Metal moulding
Answer: a
Clarification: The corrosion is the reverse process of the metal extraction. In the pure form, metal possess the engineering properties like malleability, ductility, etc.

5. Which of the following is not lost during corrosion?
a) Malleability
b) Ductility
c) Conductivity
d) Colour
Answer: d
Clarification: Colour of the metal is not lost during the corrosion. The physical properties of the metal like Malleability, ductility and conductivity are lost.

6. The amount of iron wasted by corrosion each year is estimated about _________ of its annual production.
a) 1
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) 1/8
Answer: c
Clarification: The amount of the iron wasted yearly is about 1/4 of its annual production. The iron is lost by forming its compounds in the process of corrosion.

7. Nickel metal hydrated batteries having the low cell voltage of __________
a) 1V
b) 1.2V
c) 1.3V
d) 1.4V
Answer: b
Clarification: Nickel metal hydrated batteries are having very low cell voltages. It is having a voltage of 1.2V.

8. The advantages of the nickel metal hydrated batteries are having _________ more energy than the nickel cadmium batteries.
a) 100%
b) 50%
c) 75%
d) 25%
Answer: c
Clarification: The advantages of the nickel metal hydrated batteries are having 50% more energy than the nickel cadmium batteries.

9. In zinc-air cells are composed of three parts of zinc used as ___________
a) Anode
b) Cathode
c) Based on the half cell
d) Can’t be said
Answer: a
Clarification: Zinc-air cells are composed of three parts of zinc used as an anode, an air electrode is used as the cathode.

10. The drawback of this battery is the working voltage of battery is _________ due to the internal losses.
a) Higher
b) Lower
c) Moderate
d) Not considerable
Answer: b
Clarification: The drawback of this battery is the working voltage of battery is lower due to the internal losses in the zinc-air batteries.

11. The emf of the anode in zinc-air batteries is ___________
a) -1V
b) -1.25V
c) 1V
d) 1.25V
Answer: b
Clarification: The electromotive force of the anode in zinc-air batteries is -1.25. The anode is having negative potential.

12. The emf of the cathode in the zinc-air batteries is __________
a) 0.1V
b) 0.2V
c) 0.3V
d) 0.4V
Answer: d
Clarification: The electromotive force of the cathode of the zinc-air batteries is 0.4V. The cathode has the positive potential and the oxygen acts as the cathode.