Category: Artificial Intelligence Objective Questions

Artificial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions on “Resolution”.

1. Which is a refutation complete inference procedure for propositional logic?
a) Clauses
b) Variables
c) Propositional resolution
d) Proposition
Answer: c
Clarification: Propositional resolution is a refutation complete inference procedure for propositional logic.

2. What kind of clauses are available in Conjunctive Normal Form?
a) Disjunction of literals
b) Disjunction of variables
c) Conjunction of literals
d) Conjunction of variables
Answer: a
Clarification: First-order resolution requires the clause to be in disjunction of literals in Conjunctive Normal Form.

3. What is the condition of literals in variables?
a) Existentially quantified
b) Universally quantified
c) Quantified
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Literals that contain variables are assumed to be universally quantified.

4. Which can be converted to inferred equivalent CNF sentence?
a) Every sentence of propositional logic
b) Every sentence of inference
c) Every sentence of first-order logic
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: Every sentence of first-order logic can be converted to inferred equivalent CNF sentence.

5. Which sentence will be unsatisfiable if the CNF sentence is unsatisfiable?
a) Search statement
b) Reading statement
c) Replaced statement
d) Original statement
Answer: d
Clarification: The CNF statement will be unsatisfiable just when the original sentence is unsatisfiable.

6. Which rule is equal to the resolution rule of first-order clauses?
a) Propositional resolution rule
b) Inference rule
c) Resolution rule
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: The resolution rule for first-order clauses is simply a lifted version of the propositional resolution rule.

7. At which state does the propositional literals are complementary?
a) If one variable is less
b) If one is the negation of the other
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Propositional literals are complementary if one is the negation of the other.

8. What is meant by factoring?
a) Removal of redundant variable
b) Removal of redundant literal
c) Addition of redundant literal
d) Addition of redundant variable
Answer: b
Clarification: None.

9. What will happen if two literals are identical?
a) Remains the same
b) Added as three
c) Reduced to one
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: Propositional factoring reduces two literals to one if they are identical.

10. When the resolution is called as refutation-complete?
a) Sentence is satisfiable
b) Sentence is unsatisfiable
c) Sentence remains the same
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Resolution is refutation-complete, if a set of sentence is unsatisfiable, then resolution will always be able to derive a contradiction.

Artificial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions on “Image Perception”.

1. Which provides agents with information about the world they inhabit?
a) Sense
b) Perception
c) Reading
d) Hearing
Answer: b
Clarification: Perception provides agents with information about the world they inhabit.

2. What is used to initiate the perception in the environment?
a) Sensor
b) Read
c) Actuators
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: A sensor is anything that can record some aspect of the environment.

3. What is the study of light?
a) Biology
b) Lightology
c) Photometry
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: None.

4. How to increase the brightness of the pixel?
a) Sound
b) Amount of light
c) Surface
d) Waves
Answer: b
Clarification: The brightness of a pixel in the image is proportional to the amount of light directed towards the camera.

5. How many kinds of reflection are available in image perception?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b
Clarification: There are two kinds of reflection. They are the specular and diffuse reflection.

6. What is meant by predicting the value of a state variable from the past?
a) Specular reflection
b) Diffuse reflection
c) Gaussian filter
d) Smoothing
Answer: d
Clarification: Smoothing meant predicting the value of a state variable from the past and by given evidence and calculating the present and future.

7. How many types of image processing techniques are there in image perception?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: c
Clarification: The three image processing techniques are smoothing, edge detection and image segmentation.

8. Which is meant by assuming any two neighboring that are both edge pixels with consistent orientation?
a) Canny edge detection
b) Smoothing
c) Segmentation
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: Canny edge detection is assuming any two neighboring that are both edge pixels with consistent orientation and must belong to the same edge.

9. What is the process of breaking an image into groups?
a) Edge detection
b) Smoothing
c) Segmentation
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: Segmentation is the process of breaking an image into groups, based on the similarities of the pixels.

10. How many types of 3-D image processing techniques are there in image perception?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Answer: c
Clarification: The five types of 3-D image processing techniques are motion, binocular stereopsis, texture, shading and contour.

Artificial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions on “Semantic Interpretation”.

1. What is the extraction of the meaning of utterance?
a) Syntactic
b) Semantic
c) Pragmatic
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Semantic analysis is used to extract the meaning from the group of sentences.

2. What is the process of associating a FOL expression with a phrase?
a) Interpretation
b) Augmented reality
c) Semantic interpretation
d) Augmented interpretation
Answer: c
Clarification: Semantic interpretation is the process of associating a FOL expression with a phrase.

3. What is meant by compositional semantics?
a) Determining the meaning
b) Logical connectives
c) Semantics
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: Compositional semantics is the process of determining the meaning of P*Q from P, Q and *.

4. What is used to augment a grammar for arithmetic expression with semantics?
a) Notation
b) DCG notation
c) Constituent
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: DCG notation is used to augment a grammar for arithmetic expression with semantics and it is used to build a parse tree.

5. What can’t be done in the semantic interpretation?
a) Logical term
b) Complete logical sentence
c) Both Logical term & Complete logical sentence
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: Some kind of sentence in the semantic interpretation can’t be logical term nor a complete logical sentence.

6. How many verb tenses are there in the English language?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: c
Clarification: There are three types of tenses available in english language are past, present and future.

7. Which is used to mediate between syntax and semantics?
a) Form
b) Intermediate form
c) Grammer
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: None.

8. What is meant by quasi-logical form?
a) Sits between syntactic and logical form
b) Logical connectives
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: It can be translated into a regular first-order logical sentence, So that it Sits between syntactic and logical form.

9. How many types of quantification are available in artificial intelligence?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b
Clarification: There are two types of quantification available. They are universal and existential.

10. What kind of interpretation is done by adding context-dependant information?
a) Semantic
b) Syntactic
c) Pragmatic
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: None.

Artificial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions on “Propositional Logic”.

1. Which is created by using single propositional symbol?
a) Complex sentences
b) Atomic sentences
c) Composition sentences
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Atomic sentences are indivisible syntactic elements consisting of single propositional symbol.

2. Which is used to construct the complex sentences?
a) Symbols
b) Connectives
c) Logical connectives
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: None.

3. How many proposition symbols are there in artificial intelligence?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b
Clarification: The two proposition symbols are true and false.

4. How many logical connectives are there in artificial intelligence?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: d
Clarification: The five logical symbols are negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication and biconditional.

5. Which is used to compute the truth of any sentence?
a) Semantics of propositional logic
b) Alpha-beta pruning
c) First-order logic
d) Both Semantics of propositional logic & Alpha-beta pruning
Answer: a
Clarification: Because the meaning of the sentences is really needed to compute the truth.

6. Which are needed to compute the logical inference algorithm?
a) Logical equivalence
b) Validity
c) Satisfiability
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d
Clarification: Logical inference algorithm can be solved be using logical equivalence, Validity and satisfiability.

7. From which rule does the modus ponens are derived?
a) Inference rule
b) Module rule
c) Both Inference & Module rule
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: Inference rule contains the standard pattern that leads to desired goal. The best form of inference rule is modus ponens.

8. Which is also called single inference rule?
a) Reference
b) Resolution
c) Reform
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Because resolution yields a complete inference rule when coupled with any search algorithm.

9. Which form is called as a conjunction of disjunction of literals?
a) Conjunctive normal form
b) Disjunctive normal form
c) Normal form
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: None.

10. What can be viewed as a single lateral of disjunction?
a) Multiple clause
b) Combine clause
c) Unit clause
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: A single literal can be viewed as a disjunction or one literal also, called a unit clause.

Artificial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions on “Agents”.

1. Which instruments are used for perceiving and acting upon the environment?
a) Sensors and Actuators
b) Sensors
c) Perceiver
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving and acting upon the environment through the sensors and actuators.

2. What is meant by agent’s percept sequence?
a) Used to perceive the environment
b) Complete history of actuator
c) Complete history of perceived things
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: An agent’s percept sequence is the complete history of everything that the agent has ever perceived.

3. How many types of agents are there in artificial intelligence?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: d
Clarification: The four types of agents are Simple reflex, Model based, Goal based and Utility based agents.

4. What is the rule of simple reflex agent?
a) Simple-action rule
b) Condition-action rule
c) Simple & Condition-action rule
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Simple reflex agent is based on the present condition and so it is condition action rule.

5. What are the composition for agents in artificial intelligence?
a) Program
b) Architecture
c) Both Program & Architecture
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Clarification: An agent program will implement function mapping percepts to actions.

6. In which agent does the problem generator is present?
a) Learning agent
b) Observing agent
c) Reflex agent
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: Problem generator will give the suggestion to improve the output for learning agent.

7. Which is used to improve the agents performance?
a) Perceiving
b) Learning
c) Observing
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: An agent can improve its performance by storing its previous actions.

8. Which agent deals with happy and unhappy states?
a) Simple reflex agent
b) Model based agent
c) Learning agent
d) Utility based agent
Answer: d
Clarification: A utility function maps a state onto a real number which describes the associated degree of happiness.

9. Which action sequences are used to achieve the agent’s goal?
a) Search
b) Plan
c) Retrieve
d) Both Search & Plan
Answer: d
Clarification: When the environment becomes more tricky means, the agent needs plan and search action sequence to achieve the goal.

10. Which element in the agent are used for selecting external actions?
a) Perceive
b) Performance
c) Learning
d) Actuator
Answer: b
Clarification: None.