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The word pollution was derived from the Latin word pollution, which means to make dirty. Pollution is the process of making the environment pollute the water and the air by adding harmful substances. Pollution causes an imbalance in the environment. This imbalance threatened the very survival of all forms of life. It’s a threat to the whole world. India ranks at the bottom of 125 of the 132 countries in the 2012 Environmental Performance Index. This report is produced by researchers at Yale and Columbia University in association with the World Economic Forum.

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Pollution of the environment is a serious problem of industrialized societies. Industrial development and the green revolution have had a negative impact on the environment. People have converted the life support system of all living people into their own resources and have greatly disrupted the natural ecological balance. Serious degradation and depletion have been caused due to overuse, abuse and mismanagement of resources to meet human greed.

Environmental pollution is defined as the adverse alteration of our environment. It is a by-product of human activities that are directly or indirectly responsible for the changes in the environment. These changes could be in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air or water that are harmful to human life and other living things. Population explosion, rapid industrialization, deforestation, unplanned urbanization, scientific and technological advancement, etc. The main causes of environmental pollution. About 35% of India’s total area is seriously polluted. Three-quarters of the land is water, but there is a shortage of drinking water. In India, water sources are found in ponds and river lakes have been polluted and are unfit for consumption. Due to the increased use of fertilizers, seas and oceans have been contaminated with harmful pollutants.

The industrialization has led to urbanization. The migration of the rural population to cities in search of work has created an unhealthy environment. This has led to overcrowding and the establishment of slum areas. Cities and cities are full of smoke, smoke, dust, gas, smell and noise.

Nuclear explosions and nuclear tests also pollute the air. The spread of radioactive material in the air has increased. This radioactive pollution can cause cancer, abnormal births and mutations in men.   

The Taj Mahal in Agra is affected by the fumes emitted by the Mathura refinery. The reports estimate that the monument would be destroyed in twenty years because of the harmful effluents from the refinery’s emissions.    

Water pollution changes the quality of the water. This disrupts the balance of the ecosystem and poses health risks. Water is polluted by the presence or addition of inorganic and organic or biological substances. Industrial effluents that are discharged into rivers further increase the levels of water pollution.     

Soil pollution usually results from the elimination of solid and semi-solid wastes from agricultural practices and unhealthy habits. The soil is heavily polluted by hazardous materials and micro-organisms that enter the food chain or water and create many health problems. 

The present issue is that it is increasing day by day as a result of many polluting sources. Humans and human-created machines are of contaminants. To put it another way, pollution is wreaking havoc on Mother Earth, and we, as humans, must do everything we can to prevent it. Pollution prevention is critical because it protects the environment by conserving and protecting natural resources while also boosting economic growth by allowing industry to produce more efficiently and reducing the amount of waste that needs to be handled by households, businesses, and communities.

Hint: In the 21st century, people are facing issues such as obesity, stress, diabetes, heart related problems etc. These are nothing but lifestyle related problems and diseases. A health and disciplined routine with good food habits can help stay away from these health issues in today’s time.

Complete answer:

Eat regularly:

A lot of people, in order to lose weight, stop eating at regular intervals. Improper dieting takes a toll on your health in long run which results in severe other side effects

Eat multiple meals and in small quantity:

Rather than eating two very large meals a day, it is always better to have small quantities of meals about four to six times a day depending on the physical and mental activity levels. 

Do not watch TV while having food:

Research suggests that if you eat while watching TV, you tend to eat more. This is due to the fact that your focus is on television and not the amount of food that you are eating.

Eat balanced meals:

Always eat balanced meals which are good sources of proteins, vitamins and nutritional values that our bodies require on a daily basis. Avoid junk food for good health.

Physical exercise:

Proper exercise or yoga is required for keeping your digestive system healthy.

Avoid drinking water after taking a meal for at least one hour.

In The Canterville Ghost, Virginia befriends the ghost haunting Centerville Chase. She chastises him for rattling his chains like a stereotypical ghost. She helps him cross over into the afterlife, but never describes what she saw there.

Horace B. Otis and his family move into Canterville Chase despite the warnings of Lord Canterville himself. The house is haunted by the ghost of Sir Simon, who killed his wife there in 1575.

Otis’s housekeeper claims that the blood stain in the living room dates back to the day of the murder. Otis scoffs at this and cleans it up, but the blood stain reappears the morning after. Later, it’s revealed that the ghost used Virginia Otis’s paints to recreate the stain.

Virginia chastises Sir Simon for stealing the paints, but after talking to him agrees to help him leave the house and travel to another dimension. Virginia returns from their journey unharmed. 

Summary :

Horace B. Otis, a wealthy American, purchases Canterville Chase, an ancient English manor-house, despite warnings that the house is known to be haunted. He moves into the house accompanied by his wife, his eldest son Washington, his daughter Virginia, and his two younger twin sons. Immediately upon arrival, the family is confronted by a bloodstain in a sitting room. The housekeeper, Mrs. Umney, explains that the stain has been there since 1575 and is the result of Lady Eleanore de Canterville having been brutally murdered by her husband, Sir Simon de Canterville.

The Otis family takes a pragmatic perspective and scrubs the stain away; they repeat the process when the stain continues to reappear every morning. The stubborn reappearance of the stain, as well as other strange occurrences around the house, leads them to consider that the rumor of the ghost may not be totally unfounded. These ideas are confirmed when one night, the sound of clanking chains wakes Mr Otis from his sleep. He gets out of bed and confronts a terrifying ghost, but responds only by recommending that the ghost oil his chains so that he does not cause so much noise when he is walking around at night.

Mr. Otis is not the only family member who is not afraid of the ghost: the young twins enjoy tormenting the ghost with pranks. The ghost is very proud of his tradition of terrifying visitors for hundreds of years, and he is determined to strike fear into the American family. However, the more and more terrifying he tries to be, the more they either make fun of or ignore him. Things hit rock bottom for the Canterville Ghost when the twins actually create a fake ghost of their own to scare the real ghost. He accepts that he has lost his status and power, and he begins to become depressed and pine away.

Meanwhile, Virginia’s beauty has attracted the attention of the young Duke of Cheshire, who comes to stay at Canterville Chase. While he is visiting, Virginia unexpectedly comes across the secret hiding lair of the ghost. The ghost explains his sadness and suffering, telling her that he longs for the peaceful experience of death. He also tells her that because of her purity and innocence, she can help him to achieve this peace. Even though she is frightened, Virginia agrees to help; the two of them pass through a secret opening in the wall and vanish.

When Virginia cannot be found, her family and the Duke become very upset. A few hours later, Virginia appears in the dark at the top of the stairs. Her only explanation of her disappearance is that she has assisted in finally bringing eternal rest to the Canterville Ghost. As a token of his thanks and affection, Sir Simon has given her a box filled with jewels. Virginia leads the family into a secret chamber, where they are greeted by the sight of his skeletal remains. Four days later, Sir Simon’s body is finally laid to rest with a proper burial.

Virginia subsequently marries the Duke of Cheshire. Although she never tells anyone what she experienced when she vanished with the Ghost, she always reflects affectionately on him and his memory.

Full form of DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA copying-DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.

Significance-A replication is important because it creates a second copy of DNA that must go into one of the two daughter cells when a cell divides. Without replication, each cell lacks enough genetic material to provide instructions for creating proteins essential for bodily function.

India shares border to many countries from every side. India has a land frontier of 15,200 km. A total distance of the coastline of the mainland, Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands is 7,516.6 km. It shares its border with nine countries which are as follows:

1. Pakistan in the North West Portion: Also known as Islamic Republic of Pakistan, or Islam-i Jamhuriya-e Pakistan, is bordered in the west & north by Afghanistan, south-west by Iran, and east by India. Pakistan shares a small border with China. Its capital is Islamabad.

2. China in the North Region: Also known as The People’s Republic of China, or Zhonghua Renmin Gonghe Guo, is the most populous country in the world and the third largest in the area. Beijing is the capital city and the country is ruled by the Communist Party. 

3. Nepal is just above the Central Region: The kingdom of Nepal, or Nepal Adhirajya, is a landlocked country in the Himalayan mountain range. It is bounded on the north by Tibet and India on other sides. Kathmandu is the capital city of Nepal.

4. Bhutan in the North East Region: The kingdom of Bhutan, or Druk-Yul, ‘the land of the thunder dragon’ lies in the eastern Himalayas, bordered north by China and on all other sides by India. It has high mountains, rich valleys and dense forests. Bhutan has a Democratic Monarchy form of Government and the country’s capital city is Thimphu.

5. Bangladesh near the Eastern Side: Also known as The People’s Republic of Bangladesh, or Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh, is surrounded by India, Myanmar and the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh was earlier known as East Pakistan, one of the five provinces into which Pakistan was divided at the time of its creation in August 1947. Bangladesh has a Parliamentary form of Government, which is located at its capital, Dhaka.

6. Myanmar (Burma) in the far Eastern Side: Union of Myanmar, (formerly Burma) or Pyeidaungzu Myanmar Niangangandaw, is located in East Asia, with a coastline along the Bay of Bengal. It is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Laos and Thailand to its east, China to its north. The capital city of this country is Naypyidaw, and its largest city and former capital is Yangon (Rangoon).

7. Afghanistan in the Northern Region: It shares a small boundary with India. Also known as the Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan, or Jamhouri Afghanistan is a landlocked country, located in Central Asia. It is boarded with Pakistan is to its east and south, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan to its north, Iran and Turkmenistan to its west. The country has a small border with India and China to the north-east. Kabul is the capital of the country.  

8. Sri Lanka in the Southern Region: The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, or Sri Lanka Prajathanthrika Samajavadi Janarajaya, is an island in the Indian Ocean around 80 km east of the southern end of India, separated by the Palk Strait. The capital city is Colombo and there is a Republic form of government.

9. Maldives in the South-Southwest portion of India: The Republic of the Maldives, or Divedhi Raajjeyge Jumburiya, is about 675 km south-west of Sri Lanka, consists of more than 1200 small coral islands (199 inhabited), in the northern Indian Ocean. The capital city of Maldives has the capital named Male. 

The word Democracy has been derived from the Greek word ‘Demokratia’, where ‘demos’ means people and ‘kratia’ means the rule. Accordingly, democracy literally means people’s rule. It’s a form of govt. where rulers are elected by the people. Here, those currently in power have a fair chance of losing as it is based on “free & fair” election. Each & every adult citizen has the right to cast one vote and each vote has one value. In this form of government, the final decision making power rests with those elected by the people.

Three arguments in favour of democracy are as below:

1. A non-democratic government may sometimes even not respond to the people’s need, but that completely depends on the wishes of the citizens of the country. If the rulers don’t want to, no one can force them. They even don’t act. Whereas in democratic government, it is important for the rulers to attend the need of the people. Hence, it’s a more accountable form of govt.

2. A democratic decision when taken involves more people, several discussions, consultation & meetings. Yes, it takes time but lessens the chances of rash or vague decisions. It also improves the quality of decision-making. In a diverse society, especially in a country like India, people are bound to have differences of opinions and interests. To iron out these differences, democracy is the only known solution as there is no permanent winner and no permanent loser.

3. In a democracy, mistakes are bound to happen like in any other forms of government. But the advantage is that it can’t be hidden for a long time. Public discussions and correction always have room in democratic government. Either the rulers have to change their decisions or the rulers themselves can be changed by the people. Hence, we can state that it allows us to correct our own faults.

Today, modern democracy is the best form of power for ruling any country, whether it is large or small, rich or poor, educated or uneducated one. One should always strive towards a liberal democracy, which is considered to be the ultimate goal for all the governments. The most humane way of ruling people with governance is also called democratic republic form.