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[Explain] Give 5 examples of natural and artificial fibres.

Natural fibre: Fibres obtained from natural sources like plants and animals are called natural fibres.

Examples: Cotton, Silk, Wool, Jute and Hemp.

Artificial fibre: Fibres which are manufactured in laboratories and are not directly obtained from any living source are called artificial fibres.

Examples: Rayon, Nylon, Polyester, Acrylic and Aramid.

[Explain] Which is the smallest state in India?

Hint: The smallest state is the $25^{th}$ State of the Indian Union and was joined into the Indian territory after taking it from the Portuguese in 1961 and has a blend of Portuguese and Indian culture. The capital of the smallest state is Panaji.

Complete Answer:

The smallest state in India is Goa with an area of 3702 km$^{2}$. This state is not only the smallest one in size but also has the fourth smallest population in the country. The state lies on the south-western coast of India. It is also regarded as the pocket-size Paradise for its exceptional scenic beauty. Listed below are some interesting features of the smallest state in India.

– An amalgamation of sea, sun, spirituality and seafood offering the best quality of life in India.  

– The golden sand beach is one of the attractive elements of Goa. Also, the influence of Portuguese cultures brings a lot of foreign travellers as well as domestic tourists.

– The coastline stretches along the Arabian Sea and is surrounded by Indian states of Karnataka and Maharashtra. 

– The largest city of the state is Vasco da Gama and is also a historic city. 

– It also has remarkable flora and fauna as it lies in the Western Ghats range. This is therefore known as the biodiversity hotspot.

– It is said that Goa earlier was known as Gomamachala, Gopakapattana, Govapuri, Govem, and Gomantak. 

– The historical rock art engraving in Goa reflects the traces of human life in the country. 

– One can witness the Palaeolithic lifestyle that prevailed in this place at one point in time at Adkon, Fatorpora, Dabolim, and places as such. Further, the early Goan culture is based on the collaboration of Dravidian and Indo Aryan migrants mixed with the aboriginal locals. 

Therefore, ‘Goa’ is the correct answer.

Note: There are eleven rivers in Goa which are Terekhol, Mandovi, Baga, Zuari, Colval, Saleri, Mandre, Harmal, Sal, Talpona and Galjibag. On the mouth of the River Zuari and Mandovi from the Arabian Sea end lies Mormugao harbour which is referred to as the best natural harbour in South Asia. Goan culture and cuisine – the delectable fish curry and bhali pau, colonial architecture, yoga sessions on the beach during sunrise – everything makes Goa one of the charming states in India. The whitewashed churches and the crumbling forts, and the beautiful music and catholic ceremonies magnify the beauty of this state manifold.

[Explain] Salient Features of Indian Economy

India, as a developing country, features a mixed economy in the world. The major characteristics of developing economy are low per capita income, overpopulation, maximum population below the poverty line, poor infrastructure, agro-based economy and a lower rate of capital formation. Since, the independence of the country, India has been developing in many perspectives from the economic point of view. Although the Indian economy is developing in nature, it tends to move towards a developed economy. The major reforms in the Indian economy were done in the year 1991.

Features of The Indian Economy

1. Low Per Capita Income: 

The per capita income of India is much less than that of the developed countries. According to the estimates of the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the per capita net national income of India at present prices for the year 2015-16 was approximately Rs. 93231/-.

2. Agro-Based Economy: 

Indian economy is totally agro-based economy. Near about 14.2 % of Indian GDP is contributed by agriculture and allied sectors while 53% of the total population of the country depends upon the agriculture sector.

3. Overpopulation: 

Overpopulation is one of the major concerns of the Indian economy. The population of India gets increased by about 20% in every decade. Around 17.5% of the world population is possessed by India.

4. Disparities in Income: 

The most alarming thing in the Indian economy is the concentration of wealth. According to the latest report, 1% of Indians own 53% of the wealth of the country. Among this, the top 10% owns a share of 76.30%. The report states that 90% of the country owns less than a quarter of the country’s wealth.

5. Downfall in Capital Formation: Rate of capital formation is positively correlated with lower level of income. There is huge downfall in Gross Domestic Capital compared to the previous years.

6. Poor Infrastructural Development: According to a recent study, around 25% of Indian families cannot have access to electricity and 97 million people cannot have access to safe drinking water. Sanitation services cannot be accessed by 840 million people. India requires 100 million dollar to get rid of this infrastructural backwardness. 

7. Imperfect Market: 

Indian markets are imperfect as there is lack of mobility from one place to another which contracts the optimum utilization of resources. As a result, price fluctuation occurs.

8. Vicious Circle of Poverty: 

India is a perfect example of the term ‘a country is poor because it is poor.’ The vicious circle of poverty traps these countries.

9. Outdated technology:

 Indian production is labour-intensive in nature. There is a lack of modern machinery and technologies. 

10. Backward Society: 

Indian societies are trapped in the curse of caste system, communalism, male-dominated society, superstitions etc. The above factors are the major constraints of growth of Indian economy.

Despite several negative aspects, there are some positive things in Indian economy. Various schemes of the Govt have boosted up Indian economy in many ways. India is leading towards a better economic structure with the help of ‘Make in India’, ‘Digital India,’ etc.