[Explain] What is difference between Absolute Poverty and Relative Poverty ?

Both are types of poverty but yet got the difference among them. First, let us understand absolute poverty. It refers to such phenomenon in which an individual cannot afford a basic subsistence level i.e. is insufficient in basic necessities of life like shelter, food and clothing. We all know that income and food consumption is the most important criteria to check on the well-being of an individual. It is also used to define what we call as a poverty line. Absolute, also known as extreme poverty is the type of poverty seen in third world countries. Extreme poverty also means that people lack access to the basic resources needed for survival. Absolute poverty sufferers tend to be malnourished due to lack of access to food. They also stereotypically do not have access to clean water, proper housing, sufficient clothing, as well as health-care and medicine. 

Now, let’s looks into the concept of relative poverty. It is very different from the former one. Relative poverty can be well-defined as a person’s way of life and income being significantly less than the general standard of living in the country or region in which they live. It is mostly seen in developed countries. Even though extreme poverty does exist in small numbers within developed countries. The threshold for measuring relative poverty is around 40-70% of the national median income. This type of poverty results in a significant struggle for those in relative poverty to lead a normal life and to participate not only in normal economic activities but social and cultural activities as well. We assume cases where people in relative poverty group might be living above subsistence level. More precisely such people are able to maintain a basic minimum living standard but then there is no way we can say their conditions are good enough in regards to the society we live in.

Thus, one can see the difference between the two concepts very clearly. The absolute level of dispossession (absolute poverty) and culturally defined standard of living (relative poverty).

[Explain] 10 examples of evaporation in daily life with explanations

1. Drying clothes under the sun: water is removed from the clothes as water droplets get evaporated due to heat of the sun

2. Drying up of water and potholes from streets: water gets evaporated from the potholes and puddles due to rain as it gets evaporated due to heat of the sun 

3. Evaporation of perspiration from body – Sweat on our body evaporates taking away heat from our body

4. Tea and other hot drinks cooling: heat loss happens as water evaporates causing the hot drink to cool down a bit

5. Drying up of water bodies like lakes and ponds in our surroundings: in hot summer months water gets evaporated and gets refilled only after it rains

6. Drying of wet hair: hair dry up themselves after washing them as water gets evaporated due to heat of the sun/ heat of the hair dryer 

7. Common salt preparation: salt is prepared naturally by evaporation of seawater 

8. Ironing of clothes: clothes get ironed well when hot press evaporates water vapour trapped in the fabric and relieves creases

9. Cooling of water in earthen pot/ matka: water cools as it evaporates from the surface of the earthen pot 

10. Evaporation of nail paint remover when applied on nails – acetone in nail paint remover takes heat from our body and evaporates.

[Explain] Explain the carbon cycle with the help of a diagram 

(Image 1 to be added soon)

● Carbon is an essential element in the bodies of living organisms. It is also economically important to modern humans, in the form of fossil fuels.

● Carbon dioxide CO2 from the atmosphere is taken up by photosynthetic organisms and used to make organic molecules, which travel through food chains. In the end, the carbon atoms are released as CO2 in respiration.

● Slow geological processes, including the formation of sedimentary rock and fossil fuels, contribute to the carbon cycle over long timescales.

● Some human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, increase atmospheric CO2 and affect Earth’s climate and oceans.

The carbon cycle is most easily studied as two interconnected subcycles:

● One dealing with rapid carbon exchange among living organisms

● One dealing with the long-term cycling of carbon through geologic processes

These cycles are linked. For instance, the same pools of atmospheric CO2 and oceanic that are utilized by organisms are also fed and depleted by geological processes. As a brief overview, carbon exists in the air largely as carbon dioxide CO2 gas, which dissolves in water and reacts with water molecules to produce bicarbonate CaCO3.Photosynthesis by land plants, bacteria, and algae converts carbon dioxide or bicarbonate into organic molecules. Organic molecules made by photosynthesizers are passed through food chains, and cellular respiration converts the organic carbon back into carbon dioxide gas. Long-term storage of organic carbon occurs when matter from living organisms is buried deep underground or sinks to the bottom of the ocean and forms sedimentary rock. Volcanic activity and, more recently, human burning of fossil fuels bring this stored carbon back into the carbon cycle. Although the formation of fossil fuels happens on a slow, geologic time scale, the human release of the carbon they contain CO2 is on a very fast timescale.