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 A ballot paper is actually a device meant for casting votes in an election, and maybe a piece of paper or a small ball used in secret voting. The word ballot derives from an Italian ‘ballotta’, which means a small ball used in voting or a secret vote taken by ballots in the city of Venice, Italy It is a printed form upon which voters mark their choices in an election. The choices are then tabulated and the ballot paper is stored for review should the election’s results be questioned. It was originally a small ball used to record decisions made by voters. Each voter uses one ballot, and ballots are not shared. 

During the simplest elections, a ballot is barely a simple scrap of paper in which the name of the respective candidate is writing by each voter. But during governmental elections, use of pre-printed ballots is must for protecting the secrecy of the votes. The voter casts their ballot in a box at a polling station. The ballot paper is also called Paper ballot in British English. During historical times in India, say around 920, it is said that Palm leaves were used for village assembly elections in the state of Tamil Nadu. They used to give palm leaves with candidate names, which would be then put inside a mud pot, for counting. This was called Kudavolai system. Now most of the places, they are replaced by EVM (Electronic Voting Machine).

1. Use of alternative sources of power such as solar and wind energy. These different sources of energy are bio-friendly because they do not produce any harmful gases. We all know that those gases damage the ozone layer. They are better compared to burning fossils such as coal and charcoal. They are also cheap to use, not easily depleted and are renewable sources.

2. Use of biofuels and biogas. For more than a century, fossil fuels have been a major source of energy. But we need to find out alternative sources of fuel such as biofuels which are mainly from plant species as fossil fuels are depleting rapidly. They are called biofriendly and can reduce the occurrence of air pollution to a very high extent. All over the World, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), one of the most extensive sources of fuel in our homes, restaurants today. Continuous use of LPG results in the exhaustion of the oil reserves. Therefore, biogas is a good alternative. It is mainly produced from cattle dung. We must remember that biogas plants are a very good source of both biogas and manure.

3. Planting trees in home compounds and to prevent soil erosion. Proper shade and perfect air conditioning are mainly provided by natural trees and forests. Forests ensure that there is clean air for us to breathe thus creating a perfect air conditioner. This helps to cut down the electricity costs from the use of air conditioning appliances. This entails planting trees and vegetation to control soil erosion caused by wind and water. For the maintenance of the ecosystem, trees and vegetation are essential. Most insects, birds and some symbiotic plants also stay there as their home. Thus, it creates a cool habitat for wildlife consequently conserving wildlife altogether.

The World Health Organization, or WHO, is part of the United Nations that focuses on global health issues. The organization has been working for more than 60 years on issues such as smallpox eradication, family planning, childhood immunization, maternal morbidity, poliomyelitis eradication and AIDS.       

  

WHO describes several leadership priorities as part of initiatives for better global health? These leadership priorities include:   

• Work for universal health coverage

• Develop international health regulations

• Increase access to medical products

• Look for factors such as social, economic and environmental issues as they contribute to health

• Prevent non communicable diseases

And focus on other “millennium development goals” such as the fight against poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women

The aims and objectives of the ILO (International Labour Organization) were set out in the preamble to its constitution, drafted in 1919. The preamble states that “universal and lasting peace can only be established if it is based on social justice. “. Therefore, the fundamental purpose of the organization is to help improve social conditions around the world. The following examples of concrete “emergency” measures are specifically mentioned in the preamble: the regulation of hours of work, including the establishment of a day and a maximum work week; the regulation of the labour supply ; prevention of unemployment; the provision of a decent living wage; protection of the worker against illness, illness and injuries arising out of his employment; protection of children, adolescents and women; provision for old age and injuries; the protection of the interests of workers employed in countries other than their own; recognition of the principle of equal pay for work of equal value; and recognition of the principle of freedom of association.            

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) undertakes to promote and, where appropriate, to recommend national and international measures concerning : 

(a) Scientific, technological, social and economic research related to the nutrition, food and agriculture; 

(b) improving education and administration in nutrition, nutrition and agriculture and disseminating public knowledge of nutritional and agricultural science and practice; (c) the conservation of natural resources and the adoption of improved methods of agricultural production;   

(d) Improving the processing, marketing and distribution of food and agricultural products; 

(e) The adoption of policies for the provision of adequate domestic and international agricultural credit; and 

f) the adoption of international policies on the arrangements relating to commodities agricultural.   

FAO also plays a major role in food and agricultural emergencies such as drought, famine, plant diseases and insect infestations.    

There are various ways to reduce friction:

1. By using lubricants: friction increases as the roughness of the surface increases. Lubricants fill the fine pores and gaps between contact surfaces and reduces friction

2. Polishing surfaces: It makes the surfaces even and hence reduces friction

3. By using ball bearings: Rotating machines can be mounted on ball bearings. Rolling friction is lesser than sliding friction

4. By streamlining: streamlining reduces the area of contact and thus reduces friction

Ferrous sulphate crystals are light green in colour. They change to white on heating

 

Author engineerPosted on May 26, 2024May 26, 2024Categories Ask QuestionLeave a comment on [Explain] What is the color of ferrous sulphate crystals? How does this color change on heating ?