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PVC -Poly Vinyl Chloride

It is polymerised Vinyl Chloride

.Uses -CD’s,Plumbing materials,Doors,furntitures etc.

The full and uses are as follows :

PET- Polyethylene Terephthalate.

Used for making Aerated drinks,water bottles, plastic combs, pens etc.

HDPE – High Density Polyethylene

Used for making non corrosive industrial conatiners for storing chemicals like acids.

LDPE- Low Density Polyethylene

Used for making buckets,packing materials including carry bags.

PP:Polypropylene

Derived from poymerisation of propane gas.

Used for making water pipes,body of automobile batteries and toys.

PS : Polystyrene

Used for making kitchen ware, measuring cups, used as insulators [thermocol boxes].

Examples of herbs : Wheat, Paddy (Rice), Cabbage,Tomato, Mustard, Radish, Sunflower, Carrot, Ginger and Turnip.

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Examples of Shrubs : Croton, Lemon, Tulsi, Rose, Jasmine (Chameli), Bougainvillea, China rose, Pomegranate and Heena (mehndi

Examples of trees : Mango, Neem, Banyan (Peepal), jamun, Palm, Teak, Oak, sandalwood and Coconut. 

Examples of climbers :Sweet gourd (petha), Bitter gourd (Karela), Bottle ground (Lauki), Grape vine, Passion flower and Glory lily 

Example of creeper : Money Plant and Strawberry.

Hunger is a state in which a person is unable to eat sufficient food for a continuous period and due to this, he cannot meet basic nutritional needs. Hunger has seasonal and chronic dimensions.          

      

 Seasonal Hunger Seasonal hunger is mainly related to food harvesting cycles. Here are few points below:   

                                          

(i) In a rural area, we mainly witness this due to seasonal nature of agricultural activities and lack of casual labour in urban areas.        

(ii) The existence of this hunger is mainly when someone is unable to get work for the entire year, e.g., construction labours get unemployed due to monsoons.

(iii) This mainly happens in certain community or society at only during particular times of the year and the pattern continues year after year.

                                      

Chronic Hunger is mainly related to malnutrition caused due to less intake of enough energy which is necessary to lead normal active life.                                             

   

(i) This happens due to lack of good diet in terms of quantity and quality.  

(ii) This is mainly seen in rural areas where people cannot afford quality food due to low income. They even cannot buy food for survival. 

(iii) This is also due to less earning capacity as people lack the opportunity to be educated enough and gain skills. If this hunger continues, it leads to death.       

Hint: In simple terms, democracy is a chief system of the government wherein every citizen exercises certain powers directly or further elect representatives within themselves for the formation of a governing body. For instance, a parliament is known as a governing body. It is also recognized as the rule of the majority. In such a type of government, power isn’t and cannot be inherited. 

Complete answer:

Even though democracy has been accepted as the best form of Government in this modern world. Yet it has its own problems. Some of these areas are stated below:

(i) Growing economic and social inequalities among the people: It is quite evident that all the citizens have the right to vote and fight elections but only rich people have a chance to win the election. The underprivileged are forced to sell their votes to fulfil their basic necessities of life like food, clothing and shelter. 

(ii) Role of anti-social elements: During elections, the role of anti-social elements gets a sudden rise. Voters are forced to vote for a particular candidate or party. Rigging also takes place during the elections.

(iii) Corruption and inefficiency: In most democratic countries, political leaders and government officials are dishonest, corrupt, and inefficient. As a result, citizens generally do not take any interest in elections. They even have no faith in government officials. That adversely affects the working of democracy in a country. 

(iv) Casteism and communalism: These two are the biggest challenges in many democratic countries. Political parties try to brainwash people while distributing tickets for the election. We have seen that representatives elected on the basis of community and caste work for the welfare of the people belonging only to their group.

From the above-mentioned points, it is clear that these challenges depend on what stage of social development the country is in. Resolutions to these trials also depend on a country’s exclusive situation. There is no pre-prescribed method to confront the challenges faced by democracy.

Note: The Indian democratic system underwent several alterations over time. Democracy in India exists for decades now. As for the history of democracy in general, the term democracy was derived from the Ancient Greek philosophical and political thought residing in the city-state of Athens in classical antiquity. This word thus is frescoed from the Greek term demos, meaning common people, and Kratos, meaning strength. It was founded in 508-507 BC. Democracy was established by Athenians and then led by the Cleisthenes. Cleisthenes is also recognized as the father of Athenian democracy. 

 Democracy refers to a political system in which government is formed by the people, implemented either directly or through elected representatives. Although it has been accepted as the best form of Government in the modern world. Yet it has its own problems. Most of the established democracies of the world face the challenges but they different from country to country. The three main challenges of democracy are:

• Foundational challenge 

• Challenge of expansion 

• Deepening of democracy

Other challenges are:

1) Poverty, health care, low literacy rate, over population, unemployment are prevalent in most parts of India, hampering national progress.  

2) Caste and gender discrimination continues to prevail in Indian Society, slackening advancement and development.

3) Rampant corruption, red tapism, delays in Public Justice are weakening the foundation of Democracy.

4) Exploitation of minorities in different castes and religions for narrow political gains has undermined the whole concept of democracy.

5) Use of money and muscle power during elections reflects Democracy’s shortcomings.

Tennis Court Oath also knew in French as Serment du Jeu de Paume, came into the picture on June 20, 1789. It is the dramatic act of defiance by representatives of the non-privileged classes of the French nation. All through the meeting of the Estates-General (traditional assembly) at the beginning of the French Revolution. This very pledge, i.e. the Tennis Court Oath was signed in the early days of the French Revolution. It was an important world-shattering act that displayed the belief that political authority came from the nation’s people and not from the monarchy. It literally thanks its name for the place where it was signed up. 

The day, June 20, 1789, the Third Estate party, despite the fact of the commoners in the Estates General, found themselves impermeable of their regular meeting place. They came to know that it was a ploy from the King to disband them. The 576 members moved their meeting to a tennis court in Saint-Louis, Versailles. Where they signed an oath that they would not stop meeting up until they will rewrite France’s new constitution. As the Third Estate didn’t have the right to take action as a National Assembly, this particular event is seen as a revolutionary act. Some people just assume it to be connected with tennis. So this oath has nothing to do with lawn tennis. As a substitute, it was a crucial moment in the French revolution. The members of the French Estates General began to call themselves as The National Assembly from 20th June 1789. The oath they took was: “not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require until the constitution of the Kingdom is established.”