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Science- is the system of systematic knowledge based on facts and human experiences.

The science of the Latin word scientia meaning, the ”knowledge”

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The advantages of Science and Technology are:

1. It will make our life easier.

2. It helps us organize our daily activities.

3. This helps our work can be done faster.

4. It helps us to communicate more easily with others.

5. This helps us to better know and understand other cultures and societies.

By discovering science, scientists are able to create something that can immeasurably improve the quality of life; for example, computers, telephones, televisions, planes and the list go on. With the discovery of these inventions, people can achieve their aspirations much more easily. As we know, science has helped our country a lot. It can turn a small, poor country into a progressive country. Science is the only hope of man against diseases. Without the inventions of science and the ceaseless efforts of scientists, many diseases and diseases such as the malaria , the cancer etc. were considered incurable diseases and diseases in the past would be defeated. The technology is so popular and economically profitable that benefits are published regularly. These include his ability to improve education and communication. Technology is the practical science. With the use of technology, you can make your daily work easier. To know the use and technology, you need to read on every department of life like, business, education, health, and communication etc. For example in case of education; know that Teachers use multimedia for teaching instead of chalkboard and graphics, saving time in the classroom. In business, a computer has information about all his clients. Science has brought many unique benefits to humanity. The vast progress made in the field of medicine has made it possible to extend our life expectancy and reduce the infant mortality rate. The discovery of mechanization, better seeds, better irrigation techniques and pest control has helped to increase farm productivity levels. In transportation, railways, modern liners, jets and motor vehicles have made our lives more comfortable and have offered great opportunities for modern commercial development and industrialization. The invention of the computer helped the process of calculation in the laboratories.  

The disadvantages of science and technology are :  

1. it can be easily handled by irresponsible people.  

2. We will be too dependent on that. When technology fails, we are helpless (in one way or another )  

3. Sometimes it affects our health and our lifestyles (we will be complacent and lazy.) Chemicals are dangerous )  

4. It destroys our simple and healthy life (the traditional lifestyle I miss).  

5. Invasion of our private life.

If on the one hand, science and technology have brought us a lot of wonders, on the other hand, there are also disadvantages of science and technology. First, he has increased anxiety in our lives. Second, when technology falls into the wrong hands, it can have a negative impact on society, such as the rising rate of cyber criminality , hacking, theft of personal information and pornography websites. Third, technology has also increased alternatives and opportunities for terrorists. In addition, technology has removed our physical efforts and we are getting more luxurious and comfort living. Economies lagging behind in the integration of new technologies are seen as poor economies and their progress in the world is hampered. Science has been responsible for pollution and given us the nuclear bomb that threatens our very existence. But in this also the fault lies not in science, but rather in the intention of man to abuse the discoveries of science. Science is not intrinsically good or bad. It is a way to acquire knowledge in a systematic way. The disadvantage of new mobile phones is too many can communicate with us all at the same time. He can create scams and spam in many ways. Young people have also been very addicted to gadgets that they can spend too much time with him. A disadvantage of production is the energy it uses. It consumes a lot of energy to run the machines. And so, we need more fuel, and that will leave a lot of waste and pollution to our environment. This is the most destructive price for the technology of our time. We cannot avoid the inconveniences that come with the benefits of technology.

There are approximately 34 million adolescent girls out of school. Another shocking fact is that two-thirds of the 796 million illiterates are women. According to the 2011 census, the male literacy rate is 82.14% and the female literacy rate is only 65.46% in India. All these statistics certainly reveal the kind of discrimination that women face in today’s world.     

According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate of men is 82.14% and that of women only 65.46% in India. All these statistics certainly reveal the kind of discrimination that women face in today’s world. 

Education is as important as air, food and housing for both men and women. Girls in India are considered a burden on parents by some people. People think that girls must first be raised, then married and sent to another house, while boys are considered the legal heirs of the family.   

They are considered the guardians of parents in their old age. People think that investing in a boy’s education would be beneficial rather than a girl’s, since they will go to another house. 

People think that women are sent to Earth just to cook, clean and give birth to children. Because of this thought, girls suffer and they are ignored. Things have got so much worse that some of the girls are killed before birth in the mother’s womb and if they have given birth; they are despised by the family. Some are killed after birth too.     

The fundamental problem with this is that in India, a lot of importance is attached to marriage. People in India think that the ultimate home of a girl is her husband’s house and that her fate should remain confined to the four walls of the house. 

People will not be bothered to spend so much on a wedding as on a girl’s education. For this reason, all girls must give up their dreams. One person can not be blamed but the entire society is responsible for the fate of the girls. People do not realize that educating a girl is as important as educating a boy. Whenever a girl has the opportunity to prove her abilities, she has always proven herself.       

Education has a global impact on girls. Education makes a person strong mentally, socially and intellectually by increasing our knowledge. Educated girls are confident. They can make decisions on their own and become self-reliant.     

They can earn for themselves and take care of their families. They are independent and do not depend on men to validate their existence. 

After the wedding, they can help their husband financially and add to the family income. They will take care of their children and help to educate and transmit good values. 

Someone rightly said, “If you educate a man, you educate a person, but if you educate a woman, you educate the whole family and a nation.”

Early agriculture is the oldest form of agriculture and still prevalent in some parts of the world. From the primitive collection, some people have taken a step “up” on the economic scale by learning the art of domesticating plants and their economy has evolved to primitive culture. This type of agriculture is self-sufficient and farmers only grow food for themselves and their families. Some small surpluses can be exchanged or sold for cash.

 

The resulting economy is therefore static with little chance of improvement, but there is a high degree of rural independence as farmers are not tied to homeowners or shopping centres.

Primitive subsistence agriculture or shifting cultivation is characterized by the following characteristics:

( i ) The sites for the ladang are usually chosen in the virgin forest by experienced elders. Hill slopes are preferred because of better drainage. Many ladangs are located in remote interiors, away from major population centres.           

It is partly for historical reasons that most shifting cultivators have been forced into less favourable areas by the expansion of more advanced farmers in the lower and better lands. Their isolation hinders their progress and makes the dissemination of new ideas more difficult. 

(ii) Forests are usually cleared by fire and ashes add to soil fertility. Trees that are not burned are cut by men or abandoned to decompose naturally. Shifting cultivation is also called slash-and-burn agriculture.

   

(iii) The cultivated spots are usually very small; about 0.5-1 hectare (1-3 acres) dispersed in their distribution and separated from each other by dense forests or bush.

 

(iv) The culture is made with very primitive tools such as sticks and hoes, without the aid of machines or even dried animals. Much manual labour is needed for clearing to produce food for a few people.   

Thus, despite the little attention paid to crops once planted, no other form of agriculture wastes as much human energy and is as unattractive as shifting cultivation.   

(v) Few harvests are high in gear. The main crops are starchy foods such as tapioca, cassava or cassava, yams, corn or maize, millet, mountain rice, beans and bananas. The crops are sown at calculated intervals, often between other plants, so that the crop can be staggered to provide food all year round. The same types of crops are practiced on all farms.

     

(vi) Short periods of crop occupation alternate with long fallow periods. When yields can no longer sustain the community due to soil depletion or the invasion of weeds and shrubs, fields are abandoned and fresh areas are cleared. “Field rotation” rather than “crop rotation” is practiced.     

(vii) This form of the “migratory agriculture” still supports the most indigenous tribes in the rainforest, in spite of efforts by local governments, as elements for reposing. Soil nutrient depletion, the deterioration of lightly constructed bamboo houses and the attacks of pests, diseases or wildlife are some of the main reasons that make migration a necessity.           

Democracy is better than any other form of government. It gives equal rights and freedom to every individual. But also, he has some demerits. Let’s take a look at some of them. 

Here are the demerits of democracy:

 1. Unstable Government Many political parties are allowed to criticize the government and its policies. Sometimes this leads to the fall of the ruling party and re-election in the country. This gives instability to the government.

 2. A slow and inefficient government. The most common demerit of democracy is that its functioning is slow. The decision-making process involves lengthy debates and deliberations in Parliament. It takes a long time before decisions are made.

 3. Incompetence Democracy gives every individual the right to express his concern. Therefore, everything the world focuses on personal interests and not on collective interests. This sometimes leads to incompetent and erroneous selections of government candidates.

 4. Role of Money in a Democracy Money plays an important role in elections. It takes a lot of money to organize demonstrations, public meetings and speeches. These candidates are chosen in the elections, who can raise a lot of money for the party.

Hint: Naming of plants and animal species scientifically is considered as binomial nomenclature. The name that is been assigned in this manner is known as the scientific name. 

Complete answer:

Scientific names consist of genus and species. Genus name starts with a capital letter and is written in italics whereas species name always starts with a small letter and is written in italics. 

Scientific name for 

TIGER: Panthera tigris.

PEACOCK: Pavo cristatus.

ANT: Formicidae.

NEEM: Azadirachta indica.

LOTUS: Nelumbo nucifera.

POTATO: Solanum tuberosum.

Note: While giving the binomial nomenclature name one should be familiar with certain rules:

– Scientific names are derived from the Latin language.

– Scientific name should be in Italics when typed.

– It should be underlined when handwritten.

– The genus name starts with the capital letter and it is continued with the species name in small letters.

Since fuels have become a part of modern lifestyle, it is becoming used up to a great extent of getting run out. There are ways in which we can conserve the nature and most importantly the fossil fuels.

(i) Conversion into efficient forms like CNG.

(ii) Protection of resources from fires.

(iii) Avoid wastage of oil.

(iv) Make more use of renewable source of energy like using solar energy, wind mills to generate electricity.