Category: Ask Question

Sports and physical activities are an important part of our routine. These physical activities help shape our personalities along with the routine education. Indian society traditionally focuses on education and grades. However, the scenario is changing right now and more and more people are understanding and participating in sports and games and other physical activities that improve overall health and fitness. Some of the benefits of participating in outdoor sports and games are listed below amongst others. 

– Team work – a lot of sports are team sports. Playing team sports improves our team spirit and team management skills. 

– Fitness – participating in sports is a great way to stay fit. Many people find it difficult to stay fit by going to gyms or maintaining a routine of exercise. But sports is a fun way to stay in shape and improve fitness

– Makes you mentally sharp – all the sports and games require mental alertness on the field and off the field. Participating in such activities make you think and help you improve your decision making skills. 

Even the Indian government is now taking several initiatives to encourage citizens to participate in sports activities. Khel Mahakumbh and other several initiatives are taken by the government in order to spread awareness about the importance of sports in our lives. 

More and more schools and universities are now encouraging students to take parts in various sporting events. There is a rise in organization of different sporting events which make people aware and participate in these events. 

Development of sports facilities by local authorities, schools, universities and private parties are examples which shows that the society is now becoming more aware about importance of having sports in the daily life. 

Adult education is an important aspect of the society that helps the people to be aware of the rights and duties towards the state. Apart from intellectual training, it also helps to instill common sense in the grown up people. There are numerous advantages of adult education helping the individuals to become better human beings.

Personality development: Knowledge enhances the personality of the people. It is the shining light that eliminates ignorance and helps to inculcate rational thinking. People develop scientific perspective and are capable of taking decisions on their own. The capacity of read and write helps them to meet the challenges of the real world with confidence.

Skill development: The majority of educational institutions claim to provide knowledge but they do not enhance the skill sets of the people. Youth after graduating from universities remain unemployed as the companies find them incompetent. Vocational training institutes impart them training on how to hone the skills in a particular professional domain.

Career enhancement: The right type of adult education enhances the professional career of the individuals. Unlearning old skills and acquiring the new ones is essential to becoming successful in the modern world. People can switch over to new jobs with proper training which an important part of adult education.

Independent thinking: Adult education plays an important role in enhancing the intellectual level of a person. He or she can logically analyze the situation and improve the quality of life. With better skills, it is possible to get higher paying jobs with an independent profile. Knowledge changes the perspective of life by transforming the negative mode of thinking into positive.

Creating new relationships: By getting trained, you develop new relationships both on a personal and professional level. One can connect with knowledgeable experts to develop their skill sets necessary to resolve complex tasks. People come in contact with others belonging to different background and culture which helps to broaden their outlook on life and make them more enlightened.

Curbing illiteracy: The problem of illiteracy is rampant in the developing world because the educational structure is in shambles and majority of them do not have the financial wherewithal to meet the tuition expenses. Adult education resolves the problem by enhancing the mathematical and linguistic skills of the people. Once they learn to read and write, it is easier for them to manage their job and also financial details. It is an important part of life or else they are not able to get meaningful employment.

Health benefits: Educated people are aware of their health and avail medical assistance in case of any emergency. They do not believe in superstitions to treat diseases but consult the doctors who prescribe medicines based on the symptoms as well as diagnosis.

Flexibility: Working people can join the adult education program because it permits them to acquire knowledge at their own pace. With flexible study hours, they can hone their skill sets depending on how well the time is managed.

Conclusion: Adult education is important for the economic and social well-being of a country. Due to the availability of numerous financial aids, it is very easy to join any of the study programs irrespective of age.

Unisexual and bisexual flowers are two types of flowers found in plants. Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperms.The main difference between unisexual and bisexual flowers is that unisexual flowers contain male and female reproductive organs in separate flowers whereas bisexual flowers contain both male and female reproductive organs in the same flower.Few examples are as follows: 

Bisexual flowers: Lily, Rose, Sunflower, Tulip, Daffodil, Mustard, Brinjal, Hibiscus, Tomato, Long bean, Chille, Country bean, mango.

Unisexual flowers: Coconut flowers, Papaya, Watermelon, Cucumber, Maize, White mulberry, Musk melon,Castor bean, Marrow, Luffa, Snake gourd, Bitter gourd, Tapioca, Pumpkin, American holly, Birch, Pine, Gopher purge, Tungoil bean. 

Hint: Fundamental rights protect the citizen’s freedom, rights and liberties from any state invasion, and prevent the establishment of authoritarian and dictatorial rule in the country. They are very essential for the all-around progress of the people and the nation.

Complete answer:

The right to freedom is one of the most fundamental rights assured by the Indian constitution. It is because of the prevalence of these freedoms that make democracy is purposeful. Right to freedom generates liberty of expression and speech, association, or assembly or cooperatives, movement, right to practice any occupation or profession, right to liberty and life, protection and offences against detention and arrest in many cases. Per the Indian constitution’s 44th amendment, the right to hold and dispose of the property has been removed from the list of fundamental freedoms in the year 1978.

Right to freedom consists of four main laws:

i) The right to freedom to the citizens of getting assembled anywhere in India without carrying weapons or arms along with them. Reasonable restrictions are being imposed by the state for the integrity and sovereignty of India and in order for the safety and protection of the public.

ii) The right to freedom of speech and expression, on which some restrictions are being executed by the government of India.

iii) The freedom to form cooperative societies, associations or unions. Some restrictions are being imposed by the government for the morality and sovereignty of India and for the interest of public order.

iv) The freedom to settle down and reside in any state of India. In that also there are some restrictions in order for the protection of the tribal people. Also, there are limitations on the people moving and settling down in Jammu and Kashmir as they have different constitutions. As per article no. 370 of Indian Constitution, only those people who had ancestral citizenship, means whose ancestors used to reside there before 1954 have the citizenship and not for the other statesperson and even not to the woman of Jammu & Kashmir who marries a person who is not a citizen of Jammu and Kashmir.

v) The freedom to travel to any part of India. But in order to control epidemics, reasonable restrictions can be implemented on this right for public safety.

vi) The freedom to practice any occupation or profession of their choice, according to which citizens of India can opt for any career they want to go.

Even though, the state may enforce limitations on the exercise of the right to freedom of speech and expression on eight grounds. These are:

1. Denouncement,

2. Disrespect of court,

3. Decency or morality,

4. Security of the state,

5. Friendly relations with other states,

6. Agitation of offence and,

7. Sovereignty and

8. Integrity of India.

Note: Rights to Freedom during National Emergency: Under Article 19 of the Indian constitution, the right to freedom gets deferred during the timeline of the National Emergency which is formally declared by the President of India. Additionally, during the operational period of the National Emergency, the President is empowered to suspend the right of citizens to move to the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their personal freedom.

Following are the steps taken by government to reduce poverty in India are as follows: 

• By accelerating economic growth:

The government tried to impart various methods for accelerating economic growth. They really expected that the poor will be raised above the poverty line with the various growth measures. While efforts were made to accelerate economic growth but they fail as they applied capital-intensive technologies of the Western Countries. Our nation is more on the road to the labour-intensive path of economic growth. Hence, fiscal and monetary were adopted that provide incentives for using labour-intensive techniques.

• By agricultural growth and poverty alleviation:

One of the most important factors is agricultural growth that can help reduce poverty. As per reports of Montek Ahluwalia commission (former member of Planning Commission), it brought clearly that agricultural growth and poverty are inversely related. As higher the agricultural growth is, it leads to lower poverty ratio. 

• By speedy development of infrastructure:

For the speedy development of infrastructure, an important measure is to generate employment opportunity and raising their productivity. Infrastructure development involves construction of buildings, roads, highways, ports, telecommunication, power and irrigation. It encompasses mainly construction work which is again labour intensive thing.

• By accelerating human resource development:

In addition to infrastructure development, poverty can also be reduced through human resources development. HRD requires better investment in areas of educational facilities such as schools to promote literacy, vocational colleges and technical training institutes to impart skills to the people. 

• By accelerating the growth of non-farm employment:

Rural areas are of special importance for the reduction of poverty and growth of non-farm employment opportunities. This type of employment can be created in sales, marketing, transportation, handicrafts, dairy farming, forestry, food processing and other agricultural products, repair workshops, etc. 

• By giving access to assets:

After independence, faster rate of population increase has led to greater sub- di¬vision and fragmentation of agricultural holdings. Lack of employment opportunities in factories, industries and non-farm sectors has deteriorated the conditions of agricultural labour and self-employed small farmers.

• By giving access to credit:

Credit availability for the poor and underprivileged on easy terms can create better living conditions. Small farmers can gain access to dynamic resources such as better seeds, good fertilizers, etc. Construction of minor irrigation channels such as wells and tube wells can be accelerated. 

• By proper public distribution system (PDS):

From the studies, it came out that households spend nearly 80 per cent of their income on food. Hence, an effective way of raising rural incomes and to ensure food security to the poor households, the government should world on an assured supply of adequate quantity of food-grains. 

• By direct attack on poverty: 

The government realised in the early 70’s that it is going to take a long time for economic growth to generate enough employment opportunities for the needy people in our country. 

 Following are some other plans initiated by the national government for poverty alleviation in India:

• Annapurna

• National Rural Employment Programme (NREP)

• National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS)

• Rural Labour Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP)

• National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)

• TRYSEM Scheme

• National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS)

• Jawahar Rojgar Yojna (JRY)

• Outlawing bonded labour

• Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna

• Modifying law to prevent centralization of wealth

• National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)

• Antyodaya Plan

• Rural Housing Programme

• Small Farmers Development Programme (SFDP)

• Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Yojna

• Drought Area Development Programme (DADP)

• Nehru Rozgar Yojna (NRY)

• Twenty Point Programme

• Self-Employment Programme for the Urban Poor (SEPUP)

• Food for Work Programme

• Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme (PMIUPEP)

• Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)

Development can be defined as the systematic use of scientific and technical knowledge to meet specific objectives or requirements. It is also an extension of the practical and hypothetical aspects of a design, concept, discovery, or invention. 

There are various aspects of development which are summarised below:-

• Different persons can have different developmental goals

• It is not necessary that development for one may not suit others. It may even be destructive for others. For e.g. Industrialists may require dams for the generation of electricity for propelling their industries. The same dams may be resented by those who are displaced.

• It is very important to keep in mind that different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of a country’s development.

• National development means thinking about a fair and just path for all, whether there is a better way of doing things.

• It pertains to the growth of an individual, a society, a nation or the entire world

• Development involves thinking about the betterment of life and working towards progress.

• Other common developmental goals are Increase in income, equal treatment, freedom, security, end of discrimination, a decent standard of living.

• We have aspirations or desires about what we would like to do and how we would like to live.

• It is only through a democratic political process that these hopes and possibilities can be achieved in real life. People seek things that are most important for them, i.e., that which can fulfil their aspirations or desires