Category: Biochemistry Objective Questions

Biochemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Pathways of Amino Acid Degradation”.

1. Which of the following amino acids are exclusively ketogenic?
A. Leucine
B. Asparagine
C. Threonine
D. Proline

Answer: A
Clarification: Only two amino acids, leucine and lysine are exclusively ketogenic.

2. Which of the following are exclusively glucogenic?
A. Arginine
B. Leucine
C. Lysine
D. Threonine

Answer: A
Clarification: Leucine and lysine are exclusively ketogenic. Threonine is both ketogenic and glucogenic.

3. Which of the following yields acetyl co-A via aceto-acetyl co-A?
A. Leucine
B. Isoleucine
C. Threonine
D. Alanine

Answer: A
Clarification: Leucine, lysine, phenylalanine and tryptophan yield acetyl co-A via aceto-acetyl co-A.

4. Which of the following yields acetyl coA directly?
A. Phenylalanine
B. Isoleucine
C. Lysine
D. Alanine

Answer: B
Clarification: Isoleucine, leucine, threonine and tryptophan yield acetyl coA directly.

5. Which of the following produces pyruvate?
A. Leucine
B. Isoleucine
C. Lysine
D. Alanine

Answer: D
Clarification: The amino acids producing pyruvate are alanine, cysteine, glycine, serine, threonine and tryptophan.

6. Which of the following produces α-ketoglutarate?
A. Leucine
B. Threonine
C. Methionine
D. Proline

Answer: D
Clarification: Arginine, glutamate, glutamine, histidine and proline produce α-ketoglutarate.

7. Which of the following produce succinyl co-A?
A. Leucine
B. Isoleucine
C. Arginine
D. Alanine

Answer: B
Clarification: Isoleucine, methionine, threonine and valine produce succinyl co-A.

8. Fumarate is produced from four carbon atoms of _________
A. Tyrosine
B. Isoleucine
C. Threonine
D. Alanine

Answer: A
Clarification: Four carbon atoms of phenylalanine and tyrosine give rise to fumarate.

9. Which of the following produces oxaloacetate?
A. Aspartate
B. Isoleucine
C. Threonine
D. Alanine

Answer: A
Clarification: Asparagine and aspartate produce oxaloacetate.

10. The branched chain amino acid is not _________
A. Leucine
B. Isoleucine
C. Valine
D. Alanine

Answer: D
Clarification: Isoleucine, leucine and valine are the branched chain amino acids.

Biochemistry Multiple Choice Questions on “Regulation of the Cell Cycle by Protein Kinases”.

1. Which of the following statements regarding cyclin-dependent protein kinase is not correct?
A. Their activity is regulated by cyclins
B. They can alter the activity of proteins involve in the progression of cells through cell cycle
C. Their activity fluctuates during cell cycle
D. Each type of cell contains one specific form
e) Their activity is regulated by changes in gene expression, protein phosphorylation and proteolysis
Answer: C
Clarification: They remain constant throughout cell cycle.

2. Which of the following statements regarding cyclins is not correct?
A. They can become linked to ubiquitin
B. They catalyze the phosphorylation of protein
C. They contain a specific amino acid sequence that target them for proteolysis
D. They are activated and degraded during cell cycle
Answer: D
Clarification: They activate cdk enzymes.

3. What is Ubiquitin?
A. Protein kinase
B. Protease
C. Component of the electron transport system
D. Protein that tags another protein for proteolysis
Answer: D
Clarification: Ubiquitin binds to a substrate protein resulting in their degradation.

4. Cdk2/cyclinE functions in ____________
A. G₂/M transition
B. G₂
C. M
D. G₁/S transition
Answer: D
Clarification: Cdk1/cyclinB functions in M phase Cdk2/cyclinA functions in S phase, G₂ phase.

5. In which phase of cell cycle is DNA replicated?
A. G₁ phase
B. S phase
C. G₂ phase
D. M phase
Answer: B
Clarification: During the S phase, DNA replication takes place.

6. Cyclin dependent kinases which control progression through cell cycle checkpoints are totally activated by which of the following?
A. Binding to cyclin, plus phosphorylation by a Cdk activating protein kinase
B. Binding to cyclins
C. Phosphorylation by Cdk activating protein kinase
D. Phosphorylation by a tyrosine kinase
Answer: A
Clarification: Cyclin dependent kinases are totally activated by binding to cyclin and phosphorylation by a Cdk activating protein kinase.

7. At the end of each phase of cell cycle cyclins activating Cdks in that phase are inactivated irreversibly by _____________
A. Multiple phosphorylations
B. De-phosphorylation
C. Ubiquitinylation
D. Destabilizing by proteolysis in a proteosome
Answer: D
Clarification: At the end of each phase of cell cycle, cyclins are inactivated irreversibly by destabilizing by proteolysis in a proteasome.

8. At which cell cycle checkpoint, cell cycle is halted if cell’s DNA is damaged?
A. G₁ – S
B. S – G₂
C. G₂ – M
D. G₀ – G₁
Answer: A
Clarification: During G₁ phase cell grows and during S phase DNA replicates. So there must be a checkpoint between these two phases to check if there is a damage in DNA.

9. Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
A. Attachment of spindle fibers to kinetochore
B. Replication of DNA prior to start of cell division
C. Separation of sister chromatids at anaphase
D. Pairing of homologous chromosomes at metaphase plate
Answer: D
Clarification: Pairing of homologous chromosomes at metaphase plate does not occur in mitosis.

10. Passage of a cell through stages of cell cycle is controlled by a protein kinase that phosphorylates many different proteins at appropriate times.
A. Cdk activating kinase
B. Cyclin-dependent kinase
C. Cyclins
D. Tyrosine kinase
Answer: B
Clarification: Passage of a cell through stages of cell cycle is controlled by Cdk.

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Biochemistry Quiz focuses on “Genome Alterations and New Products of Biotechnology”.

1. Rauolfia serpentine, to save this plant under the threat of extinction, which of the following techniques is useful?
A. Genetic engineering
B. In vitro culture
C. DNA fingerprinting
D. Hybridoma technology
Answer: B
Clarification: In vitro culture is useful in saving this plant from extinction.

2. Transgenic organisms are generally __________
A. Extinct organisms
B. Naturally occurring and endemic
C. Produced by traditional plant breeding technique
D. Produced by gene transfer technology
Answer: D
Clarification: Transgenic technology, also known as genetic engineering involves the transfer of genes from one species to another.

3. Dolly, the first animal produced by cloning is a __________
A. Cow
B. Sheep
C. Rat
D. Dog
Answer: B
Clarification: Dolly is a female domestic sheep that was cloned using nuclear transfer process from an adult somatic cell.

4. Gene therapy is a technique preferred to cure inherited diseases by __________
A. Repairing the faulty gene
B. Introducing the correct copy of the gene
C. Adding new cells to the body
D. PCR
Answer: B
Clarification: By inserting a gene in place of defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders is included in gene therapy.

5. Glucose is added to the tissue culture media as a/an __________
A. Carbon source
B. Growth regulator
C. Solidifying agent
D. Antibiotic
Answer: A
Clarification: Energy is derived from glucose.

6. Explant can be a __________
A. Cut part of the plant used in tissue culture
B. Plant extract used in tissue culture
C. Source of growth regulators added to media
D. Solidifying agent
Answer: A
Clarification: Explant is a piece of plant or animal tissue placed in a culture medium.

7. Meristem culture helps in developing which of the following?
A. Tall plants
B. Disease resistant plants
C. Virus free plants
D. Hybrid plants
Answer: C
Clarification: Apical meristem from the infected plant is collected and cultivated in appropriate media so that new, complete and virus-free plants develop.

8. Which of the following is used to transfer genes in plants?
A. Ti plasmid
B. pBR 322
C. EcorI
D. pUC 18
Answer: A
Clarification: Ti plasmid of agrobacterium is used to transfer genes in plants.

9. Which of the following bacterium is used for gene transfer in plants?
A. Agrobacterium
B. Azatobacter
C. Rhizobium
D. Ecoli
Answer: A
Clarification: Agrobacterium is the only bacterium capable of transferring genes to plants.

10. Production of a large number of genetically similar plants through plant tissue culture is called __________
A. Recombinant DNA technology
B. Gene therapy
C. Micro propagation
D. Hybridoma technology
Answer: C
Clarification: Micro propagation is the practice of producing a large number of genetically similar plants through plant tissue culture.

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Biochemistry Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses on “Complementary Interactions Between Proteins and Ligands: The Immune System and Immunoglobulins”.

1. Which of the following is not the function of helper T cells is ____________
A. Produce soluble signaling proteins called cytokines, which include the interleukins
B. They help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells
C. They help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes
D. They recognize and bind extracellular ligands
Answer: D
Clarification: The function of T_H cells is to interact with macrophages and secrete cytokines that stimulate T_C, T_H and B cells to proliferate.

2. Which of the following is a function of Macrophages?
A. Ingest large particles and cells by phagocytes
B. Produce and secrete antibodies
C. Interact with infected host cells through receptors on T-cell surface
D. Interact with macrophages and secrete cytokines
Answer: A
Clarification: The remaining are the functions of B cells, T_C and T_H cells respectively.

3. Which of the following is a function of B lymphocytes?
A. Ingest large particles and cells by phagocytes
B. Produce and secrete antibodies
C. Interact with infected host cells through receptors on T-cell surface
D. Interact with macrophages and secrete cytokines
Answer: B
Clarification: The remaining are the functions of macrophages, T_C and T_H cells respectively.

4. Which of the following is a function of T lymphocytes?
A. Ingest large particles and cells by phagocytes
B. Produce and secrete antibodies
C. Interact with infected host cells through receptors on T-cell surface
D. Interact with macrophages and secrete cytokines
Answer: C
Clarification: The remaining are the functions of macrophages, B cells and T_C respectively.

5. The most abundant immunoglobulin is ____________
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
Answer: C
Clarification: IgG is the most abundant antibody found in all body fluids.

6. Which of the following is the largest immunoglobulin?
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
Answer: D
Clarification: IgM is the largest pentameric type of antibody in the human circulatory system.

7. The antibody present in secretions like tears and saliva is ____________
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
Answer: A
Clarification: Secretory IgA is the main antibody present in mucous secretions and other secretions like tears and saliva.

8. Which of the following antibody first reaches the site of infection?
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
Answer: D
Clarification: IgM which is produced by B cells appears in response to the initial exposure to antigen.

9. Where do T-lymphocytes develop into fully competent but not activated T-cells?
A. The thymus gland
B. The lymph nodes
C. The thyroid gland
D. The bone marrow
Answer: A
Clarification: T cells are called so because they mature in the thymus gland.

10. Which of the following is true?
A. Most of the antibodies recognize small organic molecules
B. Most of the antibodies recognize proteins
C. Monoclonal antibodies produced in the laboratory lack the constant regions of IgG
D. IgM is a pentamer with 10 antigen binding sites
Answer: B
Clarification: Antibodies can recognize proteins like antigens.

11. IgG consists of ____________
A. A light chain and two heavy chains joined by a disulfide bond
B. Two light chains and a heavy chain joined by a disulfide bond
C. Two light chains and two heavy chains joined by a disulfide bond
D. Two light chains and two heavy chains joined by hydrogen bond
Answer: C
Clarification: IgG consists of 2 subunits including 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains.

12. Which of the following is a true statement?
A. IgG is involved in primary immune response
B. IgM is involved in primary immune response
C. IgG is involved only in secondary immune response
D. IgG and IgM both are involved in primary immune response
Answer: D
Clarification: IgG and IgM are involved in primary immune response.

13. The primary antibody of exocrine secretions is ____________
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
Answer: A
Clarification: IgA occurs in exocrine secretions and defends against bacteria cells and viruses.

14. Which of the following is not a feature of secondary immune respone to an antigen when compared to the first immune response to the same antigen?
A. Antibody is generated without T-cell help
B. Antibody is generated fast
C. Antibody produced has greater affinity for the antigen
D. Much antibody is produced
Answer: A
Clarification: The features of the secondary immune response are:
More antibodies are generated and the generation is fast.
Antibody produced has a greater affinity for the antigen.

15. Which of the following presents antigenic peptide to T-cells in order to initiate an adaptive immune response?
A. Plasma cell
B. Dendrite cell
C. Neutrophil
D. Epithelial cell
Answer: A
Clarification: Plasma cell is a fully differentiated B cell that produces antibody.

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