Category: Biography Story

The real and full name of Dhirubhai Ambani is Dhirajlal Hirachand Ambani. He was famously called Dhirubhai Ambani after his successful venture into the markets. A man with humble beginnings, took the world by storm with his intelligent and innovative minds. Dhirubhai Ambani is the sole reason that changed the scene of Indian industries and was a very successful capitalist. With his knowledge about the stock market and how it can impact an economy, he put India on the global map with his business endeavours. He is considered a business tycoon for his economical prominence and the power he holds in the market scene. The founder of Reliance Industries and later he also dabbled into many business ventures. His legacy is truly a remarkable one and still stays strong long after he has gone. 

Basic Information about Dhirubhai Ambani 

• Date of BIrth – December 28, 1932

• Birthplace – Chorwad in Junagadh State, under the Western India States Agency in British Raj [that is present-day Gujarat in India]

• Works- Founder of the Reliance Industries and credited for many more branches under Reliance corporation. 

• Awards- received Padma Vibhushan posthumously, in 2016.

• Died on- July 6, 2002.

Dhirubhai Ambani’s Early Life in Ambani Family

Born to Hirachand Gordhanbhai Ambani and Jamnaben Ambani on December 28 1932, in his mother’s native place Chorwad in Junagadh State under the British Raj and is now Gujarat, India. Belonging to the Modh Baniya community like his father, who was a school teacher in the village. He was one of the three sons and had one sister. His brothers are Ramaniklal Ambani and Saurabh Patel and his sister Trilochana Ben. Dhirubhai Ambani lived a modest life with his parents and siblings.

He attained his primary education from the Bahadur Khanji school, and even in his younger years he was righteous and possessed leadership qualities. One such instance is during his youth, he participated in the protests against the Nawab of his own state Junagadh who was planning to join the Muslim clan in Pakistan post-independence. 

At the age of 16, in the year 1948, Dhirubhai Ambani left for work in A. Besse and Co. in Port to Aden, Yemen. He worked there alongside his brother Ramaniklal as a clerk in a company that was considered the largest transcontinental trading firm in the 1950s in the east of Suez, Egypt. And in his course of work, he learnt trading and accounting. He sharpened his skills over the years. 

His business acumen was evident even in those early years, as he made strides to achieve his ambitions of making more money. The silver bullion, which is the metal in bulk that was very popular then was widely sold. He went a step further and thought of selling the precursor of the bullion by melting the silver. He sold the pure silver and at a higher price too. 

He was truly a financial wizard. His friends too described him as friendly, easy to talk to, with good nature and a cheerful personality. And the drive and ambition in him were always prominent. He worked with the Shell Oil Agents for a few years. And at the age of 23 in the year 1955, Dhirubhai Ambani tied the knot with Kokilaben, who was 21 at the time from Jamnagar. In the later years, Kokilaben always spoke of her husband’s support that got her through tough times away from family in India and how she cherished the time spent in those early years. 

Dhirubhai Ambani wife, Kokilaben Ambani became a first time mother in Aden to Mukesh Ambani in the year 1957. In 1958, Dhirubhai along with his family shifted to India and settled in Mumbai. They were also blessed with three children Anil Ambani, Nina Ambani, Dipti Ambani. In the early years in Mumbai, they were living in a two-bedroom apartment in Bhuleshwar, a small neighbourhood. 

Business Developments

In the first few years only, he partnered with his 2nd cousin Champaklal Damani and then included other relatives and friends to work with them as they started exporting spices to the Eastern and Asian countries. He was always a risk-taker, starting the business with just 15000 bucks and building from scratch. In these nascent years, the business was called Reliance Commercial Corporation. Their office was tiny, and the assistants helped him a great deal in setting up the business. Many members who joined Dhirubhai in the initial days were long associated with Reliance. He offered high-quality products and the profit margins accepted were also less than his other competitors, which led to rapid growth in his business.

After a few years, in 1965 due to temperamental differences, Dhirubhai separated from Champaklal and started his own. Then he mostly dealt with the export of polyester and it was his foray into the textile industry, and under the name of the label, ‘Vimal’ other clothing items like sarees, dresses, shawls and suits were sold. On May 8 1973 he changed the name Reliance Commercial Corporation to Reliance Industries. 

And very soon, it held a name for itself even in the domestic market for its good quality products and with extensive endorsing of the same values in the Indian interiors.  And there was no turning back since the dominance in the market began. He also delved into synthetic textiles when the commodities of his company were at their peak. 

In 1966, he made his debut in backward integration and opened the Reliance Textile mill. And gradually built into the magnum petrochemical, plastic and power generation mammoth. In 1975, a technical team from the World Bank also paid a visit to their textile mill. 

Building an Empire

Dhirubhai Ambani proposed for investing and finance from the National Banks, and on refusal, he made the company public in the year 1977. Dhirubhai also became the first face of Indian business who conquered the Industrial sector globally.

He also rallied with the Bombay Stock Exchange when he attained a huge profit from supplying his own shares to The Bear Cartel, who were trying to overtake him. There was a roar in the market about how he could make such a profit when the crisis fell on the entire nation. And to figure out the Bombay office was also closed for 3 days to figure out the workings. And Pranab Mukherjee, the then Prime Minister also came to his defence about the stock market and Dhirubhai’s works which were legal and by any means did not engage in unethical transaction procedures. 

Even with many allegations of fraud and debauchery from the media and the market, the investors stood unshaken and trusted him. The investors never doubted Dhirubhai’s capability as a businessman and their shares and dividends value only grew. He was truly a maestro in the stock market and many people attended his meetings where he talked about it to gain knowledge. In fact, because of humongous crowds and many attendees from all the sectors, the meetings were held in stadiums and even televised to be aired for people.

Reliance Industries became the first-ever privately-owned Indian Company enlisted in the illustrious list of Fortune 500 in the year 2012. He lived a fine life with his family, children, and grandchildren.

Death

Dhirubhai Ambani suffered from a stroke in February 1986 and shortly after handed over the business to his sons Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani. The brothers now run the business separately due to reasons and issues that shall remain private. The first stroke’s aftermath was paralysis of his right hand. And he suffered from a major stroke again in the year 2002 on June 24th and was admitted to the Breach Candy Hospital, and breathed his last shortly after on July 6th 2002. 

Honours and Recognition

1. In 2016, Dhirubhai Ambani was also honoured with the 2nd highest civilian award, Padma Vibhushan after many years post his death for his excellent contribution to the Indian market and its economy.

2. In an unauthorized biography, by an Australian journalist Hamish McDonald in 1988, Dhirubhai was referred to and rightly so as, ‘The Polyester Prince.’ 

3. He was also awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001 by The Economic Times Awards on August 10th in Mumbai. 

4. He became the first Indian ever, to receive the “Dean’s Medal” by The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, in 1998 on June 15th for setting a remarkable example in leadership. 

5. He was also featured in the Asiaweek magazine for 3 years, 1996, 1998 and 2000 in the list of 50 most powerful people of Asia.

Conclusion

Dhirubhai Ambani truly embodies greatness and humility in equal measure. Even after achieving so much wealth and fortune he always celebrated his roots and took pride in them. It is not easy to start from scratch and build an empire that lasts several generations. With support from his family, he was unstoppable. India takes pride in an icon like him that comes rarely. 

Michael Faraday was an English scientist who made important contributions to the fields of electrochemistry and electromagnetism. The concepts underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and electrolysis were among his most important discoveries.

Despite his lack of formal education, Faraday was one of the most prominent scientists in history. Faraday provided the foundation for the idea of the electromagnetic field in physics through his experiments on the magnetic field around a conductor holding a direct current. Faraday also discovered that magnetism could influence light rays and that the two phenomena had an underlying relationship.

He also discovered the rules of electrolysis and the concepts of electromagnetic induction and diamagnetism. His electromagnetic rotary system designs laid the groundwork for electric motor technology, and it was because of his efforts that electricity became useful in technology. Faraday was an excellent experimenter who communicated his ideas in simple language; however, his mathematical skills were limited to the simplest algebra.

Michael Faraday’s Information

Faraday’s date of birth: September 22, 1791

Faraday’s place of birth: Newington Butts, England

Faraday’s date of death: August 25, 1867

Faraday’s Place of death: Hampton Court, London, England

Spouse:  Sarah Barnard ​(m. 1821)

Michael Faraday’s Inventions: 

Faraday’s Law of Induction; 

Faraday Effect; 

Faraday Cage;

Faraday Constant; 

Faraday’s laws of electrolysis etc.

About Michael Faraday

History of Michael Faraday

Michael Faraday was born on September 22, 1791, in Newington Butts, a Surrey suburb that is now part of the London Borough of Southwark. His family did not have a lot of income. James, his father, belonged to the Glassite Christian sect. During the winter of 1790, James Faraday moved his wife and two children from Outhgill, Westmorland, to London, where he had worked as an apprentice to the village blacksmith. In the autumn of that year, Michael was born. Michael Faraday, the third of four brothers, had to educate himself after receiving only a basic school education.

He began working as an apprentice to George Riebau, a local bookbinder and bookseller on Blandford Street when he was 14 years old. Faraday read a lot of books during his seven-year apprenticeship, including Isaac Watts’ The Improvement of the Mind, of which he vigorously applied the given principles and recommendations. He also became interested in science, especially electricity. Jane Marcet’s book Conversations on Chemistry was especially inspiring to Faraday.

Faraday attended lectures by eminent English chemist Humphry Davy of the Royal Institution and the Royal Society, and John Tatum, member of the City Philosophical Society, in 1812, when he was 20 years old and approaching the end of his apprenticeship. 

William Dance, one of the Royal Philharmonic Society’s members, gave Faraday a large number of tickets to these lectures. Faraday then sent Davy a 300-page book based on the notes he made during these lectures. When Davy’s eyesight was destroyed in an accident with nitrogen trichloride in 1813, he decided to hire Faraday as an assistant.

On the same day that one of the Royal Institution’s assistants, John Payne, was shot, Sir Humphry Davy was asked to find a replacement; as a result, on March 1, 1813, he appointed Faraday as Chemical Assistant at the Royal Institution. Davy soon entrusted Faraday with the preparation of nitrogen trichloride samples, and they were both hospitalised when this highly sensitive material exploded.

Faraday was awarded an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree by the University of Oxford in June 1832. During his lifetime, he was given a knighthood in recognition of his contributions to science, which he declined on religious grounds, claiming that accumulating wealth and seeking worldly reward was against the word of God, and preferring to remain “plain Mr Faraday to the end.” He was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1824, but he declined to be President on two occasions. In 1833, he was appointed as the first Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution.

Faraday was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as a Foreign Honorary Member in 1832. In 1838, he was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences as a foreign member, and in 1844, he was one of eight foreign members elected to the French Academy of Sciences. He was elected as an associate member of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands in 1849, which became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences two years later, and he was later promoted to foreign member.

Faraday had a nervous breakdown in 1839, but he recovered and resumed his electromagnetism research. Faraday was granted a grace and favour house in Hampton Court, Middlesex, in 1848, as a result of the Prince Consort’s representations. The house was free of all expenses and maintenance. This was the Master Mason’s Home, which later became known as Faraday House and is now known as No. 37 Hampton Court Road. Faraday moved there in 1858 to retire.

Faraday declined to engage in the manufacture of chemical weapons for use in the Crimean War (1853–1856) after providing a variety of different service projects for the British government. He cited ethical grounds for his refusal.

Michael Faraday Information: Marriage and Family

On June 12, 1821, Faraday married Sarah Barnard (1800–1879). They met at the Sandemanian church through their friends, and he confessed his faith to the Sandemanian congregation a month after they married. They didn’t have any children.

Faraday was a devout Christian who belonged to the Sandemanian sect of the Church of Scotland. He served as a deacon and an elder in the meeting house where he grew up for two terms after his marriage. Paul’s Alley in the Barbican was the location of his church.

This meeting house moved to Barnsbury Grove, Islington, in 1862, and it was here that Faraday spent the final two years of his second term as an elder before resigning.

Michael Faraday Inventions

Michael Faraday, known for his discovery of electromagnetic induction and laws of electrolysis, has a number of scientific achievements under his belt. Below are a few inventions/discoveries by him-

1. Faraday’s Law of Induction: 

• Faraday’s law of induction (also known as Faraday’s law) is a fundamental law of electromagnetism that describes how a magnetic field interacts with an electric circuit to create an electromotive force (EMF), a phenomenon known as electromagnetic induction. Transformers, inductors, and several types of electrical motors, generators, and solenoids all work on this principle.

• Faraday’s law was discovered, and one of its aspects (transformer EMF) was later developed as the Maxwell–Faraday equation. 

• The Maxwell–Faraday equation states that a spatially varying (and possibly also time-varying, depending on how a magnetic field varies in time) electric field always accompanies a time-varying magnetic field, while Faraday’s law states that there is EMF (electromotive force, described as electromagnetic work done on a unit charge when it has travelled a certain distance).

• The Maxwell–Faraday equation (which describes transformer EMF) and the Lorentz force can be used to derive Faraday’s law (describing motional EMF).

2. Faraday Effect: 

• The magneto-optic Faraday effect (MOFE), also known as the Faraday effect or Faraday rotation, is a physical magneto-optical phenomenon. The Faraday effect induces polarisation rotation that is proportional to the magnetic field projection along the light propagation direction. Formally, when the dielectric permittivity tensor is diagonal, it is a special case of gyro electromagnetism.

• The Faraday effect, discovered by Michael Faraday in 1845, was the first experimental proof that light and electromagnetism are related. In the 1860s and 1870s, James Clerk Maxwell and Oliver Heaviside completed the theoretical foundation of electromagnetic radiation (which includes visible light). Under the influence of magnetic fields, this phenomenon occurs in most optically transparent dielectric materials (including liquids).

• Circular birefringence, a property that causes the Faraday effect, is caused by left and right circularly polarised waves propagating at slightly different speeds. Since a linear polarisation can be decomposed into the superposition of two equal-amplitude circularly polarised components of opposite handedness and phase, a relative phase shift caused by the Faraday effect rotates the linear polarisation of a wave.

3. Faraday Cage: 

A Faraday cage, also known as a Faraday shield, is an electromagnetic field-blocking enclosure. A Faraday shield may be made out of a continuous layer of conductive material, or a mesh of such materials in the case of a Faraday cage. 

4. Faraday Constant: 

Michael Faraday is the name of the Faraday constant, which is denoted by the symbol F and sometimes stylized as F. This constant represents the magnitude of electric charge per mole of electrons in chemistry and physics.   

F = 96485.33212… Cmol 

5. Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis: 

Faraday’s laws of electrolysis are quantitative relationships derived from Michael Faraday’s electrochemical study published in 1833.

The mass (m) of elements deposited at an electrode is directly proportional to the charge (Q in ampere seconds or coulombs), according to Michael Faraday.

m ∝ Q

⇒ [frac{m}{Q}] = Z

The electrochemical equivalent (e.c.e) of the substance is the constant of proportionality Z. As a result, the mass of the substance deposited/liberated per unit charge can be defined as the e.c.e.

Faraday discovered that the mass of the substance liberated/deposited at the electrodes in g is directly proportional to their chemical equivalent/equivalent weight(E) when the same amount of electric current is passed through different electrolytes/elements connected in series. This is calculated by dividing the molar mass (M) by the valence (v)

m ∝ E

E = [frac{text{Molar mass}}{text{Valance}}]

⇒ m₁ : m₂ : m₃ :……..= E₁ : E₂ : E₃ : ……

⇒Z₁Q : Z₂Q : Z₃Q : ……… = E₁ : E₂ : E₃ :……(From 1st law) 

⇒Z₁ : Z₂ : Z₃ : ……… = E₁ : E₂ : E₃ :….

Michael Faraday Scientist

Let us elaborate on Michael Faraday Discovery as a Chemist and Physicist.

Chemistry

Faraday began his chemistry career as a chemist’s assistant to Humphry Davy. Faraday was particularly interested in the study of chlorine, and he found two new chlorine-carbon compounds. He also carried out the first rudimentary experiments on gas diffusion, which was first observed by John Dalton.

Faraday was active in liquefying several gases, researching steel alloys, and producing several new forms of optical glass. A specimen of one of these heavy glasses became historically significant after Faraday determined the rotation of the plane of polarization of light when the glass was put in a magnetic field.

Faraday developed an early version of what would become the Bunsen burner, which is still used as a convenient source of heat in science laboratories around the world. Faraday was a chemist who discovered chemical compounds like benzene (which he called bicarbonate of hydrogen) and liquefied gases like chlorine.

Faraday announced the first synthesis of carbon and chlorine compounds, C₂Cl₆ and C₂Cl₄, in 1820, and published his findings the following year. Faraday also deduced the chemical structure of the chlorine clathrate hydrate, which Humphry Davy had discovered in 1810.

Faraday is often credited with discovering the laws of electrolysis and popularising concepts like anode, cathode, electrode, and ion, which were first proposed by William Whewell. He was the first to identify metallic nanoparticles, as they are now known. In 1847, he discovered that gold colloids had different optical properties than the corresponding bulk metal. This was most certainly the first discovery of the effects of quantum size, and it could be considered the beginning of nanoscience.    

Electricity and Magnetism 

Faraday’s work on electricity and magnetism is what he is best known for. The creation of a voltaic pile of seven British halfpenny coins, seven discs of sheet zinc, and six pieces of paper moistened with salt water was his first known experiment. He broke down the sulphate of magnesia with this pile.

Faraday continued his laboratory work after his initial observation in 1821, investigating the electromagnetic properties of materials and gaining the necessary knowledge. Faraday set up a circuit in 1824 to see whether a magnetic field could influence current flow in an adjacent wire, but he found no such relationship. This experiment followed three years of related experiments with light and magnets, which yielded identical results. Faraday spent the next seven years perfecting his formula for optical consistency (heavy) glass, borosilicate of lead, which he would later use in his experiments linking light and magnetism.

Faraday used “static,” batteries, and “animal electricity” to generate the phenomenon of electrostatic attraction, electrolysis, magnetism, and other phenomena in 1832, as part of a series of experiments aimed at determining the fundamental essence of electricity. He came to the conclusion that contrary to popular belief at the time, the distinctions between different “kinds” of electricity were illusory. Instead, Faraday suggested that there is only one “electricity,” and that differing quantities and intensities (current and voltage) generate various classes of phenomena.

Diamagnetism

Faraday discovered in 1845 that certain materials had a mild repulsion to a magnetic field, which he called diamagnetism.

Faraday also discovered that by applying an external magnetic field aligned with the direction in which the light is travelling, the plane of polarization of linearly polarised light can be rotated. The Faraday effect is the name given to this phenomenon. “I have at last succeeded in lighting a magnetic curve or line of force and in magnetising a beam of light,” he wrote in his notebook in September 1845.

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was a scholar, politician, philosopher, and statesman from India. He served as India’s first Vice President and second President. Radhakrishnan spent his life and career as a writer attempting to describe, defend, and propagate his faith, which he referred to variously as Hinduism, Vedanta, and the religion of the Spirit. He wanted to show that his Hinduism was philosophically sound as well as ethically viable. He often seems to be at ease in both Indian and Western philosophical contexts, and he draws on both Western and Indian sources in his prose. As a result, Radhakrishnan has been hailed as a symbol of Hinduism to the West in academic circles.

 

In this biography of Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan, we will learn about his early life and family, his education, his career as a teacher, his political life, and his death.

 

The Early Life of Sarvepalli RadhaKrishnan

In this section, we will learn about When was Radhakrishnan born, his parents, and his family background.

• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s date of birth was 5th September 1888.

• He was born to a Telugu-speaking Niyogi Brahmin family in Tiruttani, Madras Presidency, British India which is present-day Tamil Nadu, India.

• His father’s name was Sarvepalli Veeraswami who was a subordinate revenue official in the service of a local zamindar and his mother’s name was Sarvepalli Sita.

• His family is from Sarvepalli village in Andhra Pradesh’s Nellore district. He grew up in the towns of Thiruttani and Tirupati.

• Throughout his academic career, Radhakrishnan earned various scholarships.

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Education

• His primary education was at Thiruttani’s K.V High School. In 1896, he transferred to Tirupati’s Hermannsburg Evangelical Lutheran Mission School and Walajapet’s Government High Secondary School.

• For his high school education, he enrolled at Vellore’s Voorhees College. At the age of 17, he enrolled in Madras Christian College after finishing his First of Arts class. He earned his bachelor’s degree and his master’s degree from the same institution in 1906.

• “The Ethics of the Vedanta and its Metaphysical Presuppositions,” Sarvepalli wrote for his bachelor’s degree thesis. It was written in response to the accusation that the Vedanta scheme had no place for ethics. Rev. William Meston and Dr. Alfred George Hogg, two of Radhakrishnan’s professors, praised his dissertation. When Radhakrishnan was only twenty years old, his thesis was published.

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Family

• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was married to Sivakamu at the age of 16.

• Sivakamu was Radha Krishnan’s distant cousin.

• Radhakrishnan and Sivakamu were happily married for over 51 years.

• Radhakrishnan had six children, five daughters, and one son. 

• Sarvepalli Gopal, his son, was a well-known Indian historian. He authored his father’s biography Radhakrishnan: A Biography and also Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography.

The Academic Career of Radha Krishnan

• Radhakrishnan was appointed to the Madras Presidency College’s Department of Philosophy in April 1909.

• He was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the University of Mysore in 1918, where he taught at the Maharaja’s College in Mysore.

• He wrote several articles for prestigious journals such as The Quest, Journal of Philosophy, and the International Journal of Ethics while at Maharaja’s College.

• He also finished his first novel, Rabindranath Tagore’s Philosophy. Tagore’s philosophy, he claimed, was the “genuine expression of the Indian spirit.”

• In 1920, he published his second book, The Reign of Religion in Contemporary Philosophy.

• In 1921, he was appointed as a professor of philosophy at the University of Calcutta, where he held the King George V Chair of Mental and Moral Science.

• In June 1926, he represented the University of Calcutta at the British Empire Universities Congress, and in September 1926, he attended the International Congress of Philosophy at Harvard University.

• Another significant academic event during this period was his acceptance of the Hibbert Lecture on the Ideals of Life, which he gave at Manchester College, Oxford in 1929 and was later published as “An Idealist View of Life” in book form.

• In 1929, Radhakrishnan was invited to Manchester College to fill the vacancy left by Principal J. Estlin Carpenter. This gave him the opportunity to give a Comparative Religion lecture to University of Oxford students.

• In June 1931, George V knighted him for his services to education, and the Governor-General of India, the Earl of Willingdon, formally invested him with his honour in April 1932.

• After India’s independence, he stopped using the title and instead used his academic title of Doctor.

• From 1931 to 1936, he served as Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University.

• Radhakrishnan was elected a Fellow of All Souls College and appointed Spalding Professor of Eastern Religions and Ethics at the University of Oxford in 1936.

• He was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1937. Nominations for the award continued to pour in well into the 1960s.

• In 1939, he was invited to succeed Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya as Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University (BHU). He was its Vice-Chancellor from January 1948 to January 1949.

The Political Career of Radha Krishnan

In this section, we will discuss the political view and career of Radha Krishnan. His tenure as Vice president and finally how he became Radhakrishnan president.

• After a promising academic career, Radhakrishnan began his political career later in life. His political career came after his foreign impact.

• He was one of the stalwarts who attended the Andhra Mahasabha in 1928, where he advocated the idea of renaming the Ceded Districts division of the Madras Presidency Rayalaseema.

• In 1931, he was appointed to the League of Nations Committee for Intellectual Cooperation, where he became known as a Hindu expert on Indian ideas and a convincing translator of the role of Eastern institutions in contemporary society in Western eyes.

• Radhakrishnan’s involvement in Indian politics, as well as foreign affairs, grew in the years following India’s independence. 

• From 1946 to 1951, Radhakrishnan was a member of the newly formed UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), sitting on its Executive Board and heading the Indian delegation.

• Radhakrishnan was also a member of the Indian Constituent Assembly for the two years following India’s independence.

• The demands of the University Commission and his continuing responsibilities as Spalding Professor at Oxford had to be balanced against Radhakrishnan’s commitments to UNESCO and the Constituent Assembly.

• When the Universities Commission’s report was completed in 1949, Radhakrishnan was appointed Indian Ambassador to Moscow by then-Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, a position he held until 1952. With his election to the Rajya Sabha, Radhakrishnan was able to bring his philosophical and political beliefs into motion.

• In 1952, Radhakrishnan was elected as India’s first Vice-President, and in 1962, he was elected as the country’s second President.

• During his time in office, Radhakrishnan saw a growing need for world peace and universal fellowship.

• The importance of this need was driven home to Radhakrishnan by what he saw as global crises unfolding. The Korean War was already in full swing when he assumed the role of Vice-President.

• Radhakrishnan’s presidency was dominated by political conflicts with China in the early 1960s, followed by hostilities between India and Pakistan.

• Furthermore, the Cold War split East and West, leaving each on the defensive and wary of the other.

• Radhakrishnan questioned what he saw as self-proclaimed international organisations like the League of Nations’ divisive ability and dominant character.

• Instead, he advocated for the promotion of an innovative internationalism focused on integral experience’s metaphysical foundations. Only then will mutual understanding and tolerance be encouraged between cultures and nations.

Philosophical Thoughts by Radha Krishnan

• Radhakrishnan attempted to bring eastern and western ideas together, defending Hinduism against uninformed Western criticism while also integrating Western philosophical and religious ideas.

• Radhakrishnan was one of Neo-most Vedanta’s influential spokesmen.

• His metaphysics was based on Advaita Vedanta, but he reinterpreted it for a modern audience.

• He recognised the truth and diversity of human nature, which he saw as grounded in and endorsed by the absolute, or Brahman.

• Theology and creeds are intellectual formulations, as well as symbols of religious experience or religious intuitions, for Radhakrishnan.

• Radhakrishnan graded the different religions according to their interpretation of religious experience, with Advaita Vedanta holding the highest spot.

• In comparison to the intellectually mediated conceptions of other religions, Radhakrishnan saw Advaita Vedanta as the best representative of Hinduism, as it was based on intuition.

• Vedanta, according to Radhakrishnan, is the highest type of religion because it provides the most direct intuitive experience and inner realisation.

• Despite his familiarity with western culture and philosophy, Radhakrishnan was critical of it. He said that, despite their claims to objectivity, Western philosophers were influenced by religious influences from their own society.

 

Death of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

• Radha Krishnan’s Sivakamu died on 26 November 1956. He never remarried and he was a widower till his death.

• In 1967, Radhakrishnan stepped down from public life. 

• He spent the last eight years of his life in Mylapore, Madras, in the house he designed.

• On April 17, 1975, Radhakrishnan passed away.

Awards and Honours of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

• Radhakrishnan was awarded Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of India in 1954.

• He was knighted by King George V for his services to education in the year 1931.

• He was honoured with the recipient of the Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts in 1954 by Germany.

• He was honoured with the recipient of the Sash First Class of the Order of the Aztec Eagle in the year 1954 by Mexico.

• He was honoured with the membership of the Order of Merit in 1963 by the United Kingdom.

• He was nominated for the Nobel Prize for the record 27 times. 16 times in literature and 11 times for the Nobel peace prize.

• In 1938 he was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy.

• He was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 1961.

• In the year 1968, he was the first person to be awarded the Sahitya Akademi fellowship which is the highest honour conferred by the Sahitya Akademi on a writer.

• Since 1962, India has celebrated Teacher’s Day on 5 September, Radhakrishnan’s birthday, in recognition of Radhakrishnan’s belief that teachers should be the best minds in the world.

• In 1975, he received the Templeton Prize for promoting nonviolence and conveying a common truth of God that included compassion and knowledge for all people. 

Literary works by Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan

• The first book authored by Radha Krishnan was a philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore in the year 1918.

• His second book was published in 1923 named Indian Philosophy.

• The Hindu View of Life published in 1926 was Radha Krishnan’s third book which was related to Hindu philosophy and beliefs.

• An Idealist View of Life was published in 1929.

• Kalki or the Future of Civilization was published in 1929.

• He published his sixth book named Eastern Religions and Western Thought in the year 1939.

• Religion and Society were published as the seventh book in 1947.

• In 1948 The Bhagavadgita: with an introductory essay, Sanskrit text, English translation, and notes were published.

• In 1950 his book The Dhammapada was published.

• His tenth book The Principal Upanishads was published in 1953.

• Recovery of Faith was published in 1956.

• The twelfth book was A Source Book in Indian Philosophy published in 1957.

• The Brahma Sutra: The Philosophy of Spiritual Life. was published in 1959.]

• His last book named Religion, Science & Culture was published in 1968.

In this biography, we got to know Who was Dr. Radhakrishnan, his early life, his education, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s date of birth, his teaching career, his tenure as Vice president and president of India, his literary works, his awards and achievements, and his death.

 

Importance of learning about Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Biography – Early Life, Education, and Awards

The students get to learn a lot of things about Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan through the Biography provided by engineeringinterviewquestions. They learn about the Early Life, Education, and Awards which he was honoured during his lifetime. He has made India proud and thus, Teacher’s day was dedicated in his remembrance. The birthday of Dr. President and 1st Vice President of India is widely known as Teacher’s Day everywhere in India. 

 

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was an eminent teacher, innovative thinker, and Hindu philosopher before being an honest politician. He worked as an educator for nearly forty years of his life. He has not solely won the hearts of Indians together with his lectures within the country’s famed universities however additionally captivated individuals abroad with his lectures and out-of-the-box ideas. Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan inspired the individuals of the society attentively to the importance of teachers and therefore the contribution of teachers in nation-building, in addition, has created tons of efforts to provide the correct place to the teachers within the society. 

 

engineeringinterviewquestions is here to tell you that Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan thought of the complete world as a faculty. He believed that the human mind is employed in the correct approach only and solely by education. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was also a good scholar of philosophy, who through his good thoughts, writings and speeches introduced the complete world to Indian philosophy, born into a Telugu family in the year 1888 in the Thiruttani Madras Presidency of British India, son to Mr. Sarvepalli Veeraswami and Mrs. Sitamma on 5th of September. His father worked as a subordinate revenue official within the service of a neighbourhood zamindar (landlord) and therefore the family was a modest one. He didn’t wish his son to receive an English education and wished him to become a priest. However, life had different plans for the young boy. After receiving his education from Kendriya Vidyalaya high school at Tiruttani, Radhakrishnan moved on to the Hermannsburg Evangelical Lutheran Mission School in Tirupati in 1896. 

 

A decent student, he earned several scholarships. He studied at Voorhees college in Vellore and at Madras Christian College. He chose to study philosophy and earned his master’s degree in the aforementioned subject in the year 1906. When the students study about someone who has made such a difference in the lives of people such as Sir Sarveppali Radhakrishanan, it inspires them in innumerable ways. Their perspective towards every task whether small or big changes accordingly, they have a more optimistic view about everything. Reading the biography of such prominent figures also helps them to enhance their general knowledge and therefore, helps them academically too. These biographies have questions based on them which may appear every now and then in important competitive examinations. It also helps them to know the importance of teachers, teaching, and how this profession is underrated and should be appreciated more. Therefore, by reading all the biography of Sarvepalli Radhakrishan ie., about his early life, education, and awards, students gain more insight about things academically and morally which helps them secure a brighter future.

 

Conclusion

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was an academic, philosopher, and statesman who was one of the most well-known and prominent Indian thinkers in academic circles during the twentieth century. Radhakrishnan spent his life and career as a writer attempting to describe, defend, and propagate his faith, which he referred to variously as Hinduism, Vedanta, and the religion of the Spirit. Rather than being known as Radhakrishnan president, he was famous for his academic skills and as a teacher.

Adolf Hitler was a German leader and a dictator belonging to the Nazi Party in Berlin, capital of Germany. He rose to power gradually due to his oratorical skills and a strategic mind. He inflicted pain upon many of his fellow countrymen and yet had many supporters who believed in what he did. He orchestrated World War 2 and the deadliest Holocausts which killed millions of people.

Hitler Biography

Basic Information:

Hitler Birthday – 20 April 1889, in Braunau am Inn, Austria

Died on 30 April 1945, Führerbunker, Berlin, Germany

Cause of Death – Suicide

About Hitler

Adolf Hitler was almost Adolf Schicklgruber, because his father Alois who adopted his mother’s Maria Anna Schicklgruber surname until in his 40’s when he decided to take on his stepfather’s Johann Georg Hiedler surname. Adolf was legally documented as Adolf Hitler. He was very close to his mother and was grief-stricken when he lost her to breast cancer in 1907 after much pain and suffering. His relationship with his father was difficult as he feared him a lot and disliked him. He lost him in 1903.

He was born in Braunau am Inn Austria, and moved to Linz which is the capital of upper Austria. He never completed his higher education and after his secondary education visited Vienna, upon returning to Linz he pursued his interest in becoming an artist. But was denied admissions to the Academy Of Fine Arts, twice. He earned his livelihood by painting postcards and advertisements. During his visit to Vienna he realized the cosmopolitan nature of the city and hated it. His experiences till now had made him aware of the newer world.

Adolf Hitler History

When World War 1 broke out in August 1914, Adolf Hitler was already living in Munich since 1913 and there was a screening to enter the military service, and he voluntarily enlisted his name for the selection in the Bavarian Army he was rejected and the reason cited was his lack of vigor. But he went ahead and sent a petitioner request to  Bavarian King Louis III to be allowed to serve, and then was allowed to join the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment. He was deployed to Belgium in October 1914 after a training period of 8 weeks and participated in the  First Battle of Ypres. He rendered his services throughout the entire duration of the war and was even hospitalized. He was rewarded with the Iron Cross, second Class for his bravery displayed in December 1914 and the Iron Cross First Class which is a rare decorated medal in August 1918. The war gave him a disruption from his civilian life and he was very satisfied with the discipline and comradeship virtues which further solidified his heroic virtues of war. This exposure during wartime also reinstated and reinforced his German patriotism.

Adolf Hitler’s Rise to Power

Following Germany’s defeat in the 1st World War he took up further political interest and role after he returned to Munic in May of 1919. He remained in the army due to lack of formal education and further career prospects. He was assigned to influence soldiers and entered the small German Workers Party (DAP) in September 1919, his oratorical skills impressed and engaged everyone including the Party Chairman Anton Drexler. Along with the Chairman and other influential leaders who influenced him with the ideas of anti-capitalism and anti-Marxist ideas followed their orders and left the army to officially join the party in March 1920. The party was renamed to National Socialist Workers Party NSDAP also called Nazi Party.

The workings in the party was a fruitful one for Adolf Hitler as he successfully managed to gather more and more people to join the party. This worked in his favor as many were still grieving from the loss they faced during the 1st World War and many more were dissatisfied with the running  Republican government in Berlin. The discontent and resentment brought together the servicemen in Munich to join this party who were adamant in not returning to the civilian life. Hitler took advantage of this situation and was skilled enough to gather many more army generals to join the party. And the favourable conditions allowed for the growth of this small party. Due to economic instability and many economic losses many civilians turned to join the party. In July 1921 Hitler became the leader who had unlimited powers.

He was arrested on 11 November 1923 after an attempted coup for high treason; his term in jail was for 5 years but he served jail time only for 9 months. After he returned, the situation totally changed in Germany. The Republican party reformed many rules and the economic losses suffered post war was recovering, achieving economic stability. Hitler was banned from giving speeches in Bavaria and many other German states. This ban was prominent in 1927 and 1928.

The economy collapsed during the great depression in October 1929. And during this time he joined Nationalist Alfred Hugenberg in a campaign against the Young Plan, which was an attempt in the second renegotiation of Germany’s war reparation payments. Through Hugenberg’s papers he had a nationwide audience. And once again rose to power by getting funds and support from many political leaders and army generals. He also became the Chancellor in January 1930 after the death of the President. The leadership turned to dictatorship from 1933-1939. And through his power the Nazi party won and ruled in several votes.

Adolf Hiltler’s Role in the 2nd World War

As his dictatorship was a form of rule, his beliefs included discriminating against the jews and tortured them incessantly. This only led to his overpowering ambition to control more territories and fulfill his personal avenge by manipulating people into believing that they were only recovering the losses from the harsh treatment Germany faced in the 1st World War they attacked Poland in September 1939. This invasion led to a reverted attack by French and British who offered military support to Poland and these countries declared war. The war was a gruesome one and even his countrymen were not spared.

The attacks were made on several nations and it was retaliated with equal vigour by many nations as well. 30 nations were involved in the 2nd World War. Around 100 Million participated and casualties reported were 70 million to 85 million.

Hitler’s Death

The war ended in May 1945 after German surrendered a week after Hitler’s suicide. Adolf Hitler commited suicide on 30th April 1945 when he shot himself on the basement of his home in Berlin. His wife Eva Braun whom he married on 29th April 1945 was also found dead after drinking poison following the instructions of her husband Adolf Hitler. He died carrying the Iron Cross he received for his service during the 1st World War. The bodies were burned and buried according to his orders. There were many controversies and conspiracy theories surrounding his death stating he was alive and protected by the west which was disregarded when ashes from his cremation were tested and proved his death indefinitely.

Great personalities are not born every day; they are born once in a century and are remembered for millennials to come. One such great personality that we will always be proud of is Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. His full name was Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, born in Rameswaram of Madras Presidency on 15th October 1931 and died on July 27, 2015, Shillong. He was an Indian Scientist and also a politician leader, who later became the 11th President of India. He played an important role in the development of India’s missile and nuclear weapons program.

It is an absolute honor for us to learn about his great leader in the form of his biography. Without much ado, let us start.

Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam’s Biography – About His Family and Struggle Life 

Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam was born to a poor Tamil Muslim family. He lived with his family in the temple city of Tamilnadu, Rameswaram, where his father, Jainulabdeen, had a boat and was an imam of a local mosque. At the same time, his mother, Ashiamma, was a housewife. Kalam had four brothers and one sister in his family, from which he was the youngest. Kalam’s ancestors were wealthy traders and landowners and had vast land and property tracts. But with time, their business of ferrying pilgrims and trading groceries suffered huge losses due to the Pamban Bridge’s opening. As a result, Kalam’s family had become inadequate and struggled hard to make a living. At a tender age, Kalam had to sell newspapers to supplement his family income.

Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam’s Biography – Educational Background of Kalam

Although Kalam had average grades in school, he was very hard working and had an immense desire to learn. He spent a lot of time studying and had developed a particular interest in mathematics. Kalam left Schwartz higher secondary school after completing his early education and went to Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirapalli. From Saint Joseph’s College, he graduated in physics in 1954. He moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace engineering at Madras Institute of Technology.

Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam’s Biography – Kalam as a Scientist

Kalam joined as a scientist in the aeronautical development establishment of DRDO in 1960, after graduation. His career started with him designing a small hovercraft. However, he was not convinced by his choice of a job at the DRDO. Kalam was transferred to ISRO in 1969, where he was the project director of India’s first satellite vehicle launch. The satellite vehicle deployed the Rohini satellite successfully in near-Earth orbit in July 1980. Kalam received the Government’s LV and Slv projects between the 1970s-90s. He directed two projects like Project Devil and Project Valiant, which aimed at developing ballistic missiles from the successful SLV program’s technology Kalam somehow convinced Indira Gandhi and sought secret funds for these aerospace projects. His research and immense knowledge brought him and the nation great laurels in the 1980s.

Kalam then went on to become the scientific advisor of the defence minister in 1992 and served at the same post for five years before getting promoted to the post of principal scientific advisor to the government. His immense role in the country’s 1998 nuclear weapons tests solidified India as a nuclear power. Kamal had now become a national hero, to be remembered for ages to come. However, the tests he conducted caused a huge uproar in the international community. Kamal put forward a nationwide plan called Technology Vision 2020, which according to him, was a fantastic way for transforming the stature of India in 20 years, taking it from a developing to a developed nation. The plan envisioned the progress of the nation by adopting advanced technology, expanding healthcare facilities, and emphasizing the education of the masses.

Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam’s Biography -Kalam as the 11th President of India 

Sir Kalam was entitled to be the 11th president of India. His term period of 25th July 2002 to 25th July 2007 was achieved by winning a presidential election in 2002 with a massive margin of votes. National Democratic Alliances’ nominated him to be president and it was supported by Samajwadi Party and National Congress Party. He was lovingly called as peoples’ president as he had done uncountable works for the welfare of the people and through the entire country.

He was brave and courageous enough to take decisions and implement them no matter if that was tough or sensitive or highly controversial. The “office of profit” is perhaps the hard Act that he had to sign. The “office of profit”, according to the English Act of Settlement in 1701 explains that no single individual who has a professional set up under the royal family, who has some kind of provision with or who is taking a pension from the prince has the right to work for the of the “House of Commons”. This will allow the royal family to have zero influence on the administrative conditions.

He had also become one of the most talked-about presidents Rule in 2005 for imposing the Presidents’ rule in Bihar. Kalam expressed his wish to take up the position one more time but then later changed his mind.

After taking farewell from the office, he shifted and commenced his career as a visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Management in Shillong. He served as an Aerospace Engineering professor at Anna University, Tamil Nadu. He also lit up educational institutions like the Indian Institute of Indore, Indian Institute of Bangalore with his presence and knowledge. Sir Kalam served as chancellor Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram.

In 2012, he introduced a program called “What Can I Give?” focusing on the theme of eradicating corruption from the country.

Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam’s Biography – The Demise of Abdul Kalam

Abdul Kalam was a mortal human being just like us, but for his contribution to the country he remained immortal in the hearts of people. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was one such personality who died at 83. It was shocking news for the entire country as a pure soul left us forever. Abdul Kalam while delivering a speech for the youth in an event at IIM Shillong. During the middle of the speech, he suffered from a cardiac arrest and collapsed. Although he got admitted to the best hospital in Shillong, the doctors could not save him.

Then his body was airlifted to Gugati, and from there, it was taken to New Delhi in an Airforce plane. Their President, vice president, and some other leaders prayed for his soul. His body was then covered in the Indian National flag and brought to his hometown. About 35000 people attended his funeral event and prayed for such a great soul.

Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam’s Biography – Writings of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

Dr. Abdul Kalam was a person who was not only a great political leader but also a good teacher and a writer. He had many delicate qualities and visionaries. He always had an excellent dream for the country’s development and realized that the youth can bring revolution. During his university career, he inspired many of the students through his inspirational speech and tremendous visionaries. Apart from this, Dr. Kalam was a great writer. He has written several books, which are mainly meant for the nation’s empowerment. His creation of India 2020 was like a gift for us, and he had all the strategies to make India a Superpower. In this book, he had primarily focused on some factors like food and development in the Agriculture sector, improved health care facilities, advanced information and communication system, good infrastructure, sufficiency in electricity production, Self-reliance in some advanced technologies.

Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam’s Biography – Achievements of Abdul Kalam

Abdul Kalam was a person of a golden heart who has received ample awards and achieved many things during his life journey. In 1981 Abdul Kalam received the prestigious Padma Bhushan award. In 1990 he received the Padma Bhushan award. The renowned personality, because of his tremendous effort towards the nation, received the Bharat Ratna in 1997. In the same year, he was awarded the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration. The government of India awarded Kalam with the Veer Savarkar award in 1998. Because of his contribution to arts, science, and technology, he received the SASTRA Ramanujan prize in 2000. Finally, in the year 2013, the eminent personality was bestowed with the Von Braun Award by the National Space Society.

Abdul Kalam’s Profession

APJ Abdul Kalam

This complex persona was a notable researcher displaying huge and unending science and mechanical innovative work. It was he who made our country atomic in its most genuine sense. It was in the year 1974, under the oversight of Dr. Kalam, that India went through its most memorable atomic test. Next came the Pokhran – II in the year 1988. It was through these atomic tests Dr. Kalam showed the world India’s situation and power in atomic innovation.

Abdul kalam’s Grants and Accomplishments 

His works granted him three great honours from the Govt. of India specifically Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, and the Bharat Ratna. In the year 1997, Kalam was likewise granted the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration. He was granted the Veer Savarkar Award in the year 1980 and the Ramanujan Award in the year 2000. From 40 colleges all over the world, Kalam got privileged doctorates.

Kalam’s Works and Motivation

He was the writer of various motivational books like “India 2010”, “Touched off Minds”, “Mission India”, “The Luminous Sparks”, “Wings of Fire”, and “Moving Thoughts”.

His life, work, and convictions are loaded up with models and motivations. He will keep on inspiring us for eternity. Furthermore, this is the genuine justification for why individuals from every one of the segments of the general public precipitously show love for this incredible person on his miserable end at IIM Shillong on 27th July 2015.

May this Noble and faithful Soul find happiness in the hereafter!

Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam’s Biography – Some Interesting Facts 

Let us now study some interesting facts about Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam:

1. His full name was Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam. 

2. He was born in a Tamil Muslim Family. 

3. Kalam was a vegeterian. In his words “I was forced to become a vegetarian due to financial constraints, but I eventually came to enjoy it.” Today, I am a complete vegetarian”

4. He was India’s ‘first bachelor President.

5. He was very popular among children. 

6. Kalam’s autobiography ‘Wings of Fire was initially published in English Language but then later published in 13 other languages. 

Although the life of Abdul Kalam was filled with struggles and hardships, he rose above the adversaries to become one of the greatest scientists of modern India. His role in nation-building will be remembered till posterity.

Summary

Abdul Kalam was elected as the eleventh president of India in 2002 with the assistance of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-competition Indian National Congress. He is widely referred to as the “People’s President”. He spent four decades as a scientist and science administrator, especially on the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and became concerned with India’s civilian space program and army missile improvement efforts.

Abdul Kalam lowered back to his civilian lifestyle of schooling, writing, and public career after a single term. He received Bharat Ratna for his prestigious work.

Nikola Tesla is regarded as one of history’s most influential inventors, with discoveries in the area of electricity that were far ahead of their time and continue to have an impact on technology today. Tesla died penniless and without the acclaim that he would eventually receive over a century later, despite his achievements.

Tesla’s career as an inventor began early; at the age of 26, he is said to have sketched up the concepts for a rotating magnetic field while working at the Central Telegraph Office in Budapest, an essential innovation that is currently employed in many electromechanical devices. This huge breakthrough paved the way for many of his other innovations, including the alternating current motor, and eventually brought him to New York City in 1884, where he was drawn by Thomas Edison and his groundbreaking engineering firm, Edison Machine Works.

The “genius who illuminated the world” is now memorialised with an electrical unit known as the Tesla, as well as streets, statues, and a prominent engineer’s award in his honour, but he wasn’t always so successful in life. But Tesla was a scientist, who had deep theories always in mind. Let’s discuss Nikola Tesla Information here completely. 

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Where Was Nikola Tesla Born?

Nikola Tesla was born in 1856 in the town of Smiljan, which is now part of Croatia but was once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father was a priest, while his mother, despite her lack of formal education, worked with machinery and was known for her incredible memory. Keep reading the article for the entire Nikola Tesla biography.

Nikola Tesla Education Qualification

Tesla’s family relocated to nearby Gospi in 1862, where Tesla’s father served as a parish priest. Nikola finished primary school and then moved on to middle school. Tesla travelled to Karlovac in 1870 to attend the Higher Real Gymnasium, where classes were taught in German, as was the case throughout the Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier. Tesla later wrote that his physics professor sparked his interest in electricity demonstrations. These displays of this “mystery phenomenon” made Tesla want to “know more about this wonderful power,” he said. Tesla’s ability to complete integral calculus in his mind led his teachers to suspect he was cheating. He graduated in 1873 after completing a four-year term in three years.

Tesla returned to Smiljan in 1873. He developed cholera shortly after arriving, was bedridden for nine months, and came close to death several times. Tesla’s father pledged to send him to the top engineering school if he recovered from his illness in a time of despair. Tesla escaped conscription into the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan in 1874 by fleeing to Tomingaj, southeast of Lika. He went there dressed as a hunter and explored the mountains. Tesla claimed that his contact with nature made him physically and intellectually stronger. While at Tomingaj, he studied a lot of books and later claimed that Mark Twain’s works had miraculously helped him recover from his former illness.

Tesla received a Military Frontier scholarship to the Imperial-Royal Technical College in Graz in 1875. Tesla never missed a lecture during his first year, obtained the highest marks possible, passed nine tests, founded a Serb cultural society, and even received a letter of congratulations from the dean of the technical college to his father, stating, “Your son is a star of the first rank.” Professor Jakob Pöschl’s thorough lectures on electricity enthralled Tesla while he was in Graz.

Tesla Discoveries

Tesla discovered, designed, and developed ideas for a number of significant innovations, the majority of which were officially patented by other inventors, including dynamos (electrical generators comparable to batteries) and the induction motor, over the course of his career. He was also a pioneer in the development of radar, X-ray, remote control, and the rotating magnetic field, which is the foundation of most AC machinery. Tesla is most recognised for his contributions to AC power and the Tesla coil, which he invented.

1. AC Electrical System

Alternating current (AC), perhaps Tesla’s most famous and essential innovation, was a response to his old boss Edison’s inefficient (as Tesla called it) use of direct current (DC) in the new electric age. Unlike DC power plants, which carry energy in a straight line in one direction, alternating currents change direction quickly and at a significantly greater voltage. Because of DC, Edison’s power lines that crossed the Atlantic coast were short and weak, whereas AC could deliver current considerably further. Tesla’s AC power grids finally became the standard, despite the fact that Thomas Edison had more resources and a better reputation.

2. Hydroelectric Power Plant

At Niagara Falls, Tesla developed one of the first AC hydroelectric power facilities in the United States in 1895. It was used to power the city of Buffalo, New York the next year, a feat that was widely recognised around the world and aided AC electricity’s progress toward becoming the world’s power system.

3. Tesla Coil

Tesla patented the Tesla coil in the late 1800s, which established the groundwork for wireless technology and is still used in radio technology today. The Tesla coil is an inductor that was used in many early radio transmission antennas as the heart of an electrical circuit. The coil and a capacitor work together to resonate current and voltage across the circuit from a power source. Tesla studied fluorescence, x-rays, radio, wireless power, and electromagnetic radiation in the earth and its atmosphere with his coil.

4. Death Ray

Tesla subsequently returned to work, largely as a consultant, after suffering a nervous breakdown following the end of his free energy project. Tesla even caught the FBI’s attention with his claims of developing a strong “death ray,” which had attracted the Soviet Union’s interest during WWII.

5. Free Energy

Tesla began work on his most ambitious project yet around 1900, after becoming obsessed with the wireless transmission of energy. He planned to build a global, wireless communication system — to be transmitted through a large electrical tower — for sharing information and providing free energy throughout the world. Tesla began work on the free energy project in earnest in 1901, with finance from a group of investors that included financial titan J. P. Morgan, constructing and building a facility with a power plant and a gigantic transmission tower on a site on Long Island, New York, that became known as Wardenclyffe.

Tesla also experimented with radio waves as early as 1892, displaying a radio wave-controlled boat in 1898 at an electrical show in New York’s Madison Square Garden to much acclaim. Expanding on the technology, Tesla patented more than a dozen radio communication ideas before Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi beat Tesla to the punch and completed the first transatlantic radio transmission using Tesla’s research. The dispute for intellectual recognition between Marconi and Tesla lasted decades before the United States Supreme Court cancelled part of Marconi’s patents in 1943, restoring Tesla as the founder of radio, at least legally.

Nikola Tesla vs. Thomas Edison

Tesla came to the United States in 1884 with nothing but the clothing on his back and a letter of introduction to Thomas Edison, the renowned inventor and business mogul whose DC-based electrical works were quickly becoming the industry standard. Edison hired Tesla, and the two men spent the next few years working side by side on improving Edison’s innovations. Several months later, the two parted ways due to a tense business-scientific relationship, which historians attribute to their polar opposite personalities: while Edison was a powerful personality focused on marketing and financial success, Tesla was commercially out-of-touch and fragile.

Nikola Tesla Facts

• Tesla was a scientist, physicist, engineer, and inventor. Alternating current (AC), the form of electricity that fuels civilization and is essential for lighting, was one of his greatest innovations.

• Tesla became close friends with Mark Twain after claiming that reading author Mark Twain’s writing helped him recover from a terrible illness.

• Tesla was given ＄50,000 by Thomas Edison to upgrade his existing electricity-generating technology. Tesla was successful, although Edison later stated that he was joking. Tesla abruptly resigned.

• According to several who recounted Tesla’s obsessive rituals and superstitions, he may have suffered from what is now known as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

• Tesla never married. Tesla once expressed his view that he would never be worthy of a lady. He devoted himself to scientific research.

• Tesla was a multilingual genius with a photographic memory.

• Tesla’s alternating current (AC) clashed with Edison’s direct current (DC), which required power plants to be built every square mile, rendering DC wasteful in comparison to AC.

• To show that AC was too unsafe to utilise, Edison staged gruesome public demonstrations of animal electrocutions.

• Tesla once stated that he was in love with a white pigeon because he feared that personal connection would interfere with his study.

Conclusion

Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor and engineer who developed the rotating magnetic field, which is the foundation of most alternating-current machines. He also invented the three-phase electric power transmission system. In 1884, he immigrated to the United States and sold George Westinghouse the patent rights to his system of alternating-current dynamos, transformers, and motors. He created the Tesla coil, an induction coil that is widely utilised in radio technology, in 1891. Tesla was born into a Serbian family. His father was an Orthodox priest, and his mother, though uneducated, was quite brilliant. He developed incredible imagination and originality, as well as a poetic touch, as he grew older. Historians believe that several of Tesla’s patents have yet to be discovered, hence the precise number of patents he holds is contested. He is credited with at least 300 innovations (many of which are related), as well as many unpatented ideas that he developed over the course of his career.