Category: Biography Story

The full name of Vallabhbhai Patel is Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel and very famously called Sardar Patel. Sardar was his name in India and everywhere else, the word is popular in Hindi, Urdu and Persian languages which also means ‘chief’. He is an Indian barrister who also contributed majorly to Indian Independence as a senior leader of the Indian National Congress party. During the Indo-Pak war in 1947, his role as Home Minister was vital as during the struggle, he guided the independent nation to unity through integration. He truly was at the helm of integrating and merging the British provinces that were allotted to India with the new Independent India, leading the task of forging a united front. 

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Biography

In this article of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Biography, we will look into his early life, what formed his notions and all that led him on to the path of greatness.

Basic Information

• Full Name- Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel

• Famously called- Sardar Patel or Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Date Of Birth- born on October 31st, 1875

• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Birth Place- Nadiad, under Bombay Presidency in British India, present-day Gujarat

• Roles Taken in his lifetime- Barrister, Freedom fighter, Politician and an Activist

• Association with Political Party- First Deputy Prime Minister of India, for Indian National Congress Party

• Awards Received- Bharat Ratna in the year 1991 received posthumously

• Death- died on December 15, 1950 

• Place of Death- at the age of 75 in Bombay, present-day Mumbai

Early Family Life and Career in Law

Born to Jhaverbhai Patel and Ladba and being one of six children, he lived a very sheltered life. His was a landowning family who was capable of providing for themselves. Sardar Vallabhbhai’s birthplace was Nadiad, which was a part of the Central Gujarat Community Leuva Patel Patidar community. 

He always endured everything and through it, he never complained about anything which other children his age indulged into. He travelled to Nadiad, Petlad, and Borsad for attending schools and gaining an education and meanwhile he also taught himself. He got married at the tender age of 16 to Jhaverben Patel in the year 1891. He was often mocked by other people in his community as it took him longer than usual to pass his matriculation exams. People questioned his intelligence and mocked him telling him he couldn’t go far or do great things in his life. 

He was a hard worker, and after his exams, he saved up funds with the aim of attaining a Law degree. He became a barrister after his British Law Education. They became a family of four when his wife Jhaverben gave birth to a daughter and a son in 1903 and 1905 respectively. He and his family were now living in Godhra where he was called to the bar (which means a bar exam which one has to pass to commence the practice of law and argue on behalf of others in the court). He passed his bar exam and practised professionally for many years and became a very skilled lawyer with a good reputation. 

Personal Struggles

During his law study, he lived away from home and his family in England for two years and studied with the help of other lawyers by borrowing books from them. He converted his lack of financial resources into opportunities. 

When Gujarat too like the rest of the world was hit with Bubonic Plague, he tended to his friends who suffered from it and later he was down with it too. He always has believed in the sacrifice for others. During this period, he isolated himself from his family for their safety and spent his time in a dilapidated temple in his healing days. 

In 1909 when he was questioning a witness in court, he received a written message about his wife’s demise who was suffering from the relapse and after-effects of emergency surgery for cancer. And without flinching, Vallabhbhai Patel went on with his case and even won. He never again gave in for marriage and decided to live as a widower. It was his stoic nature that he had built since childhood that has helped him through many such tough situations.  

Role in India Becoming an Independent Nation

He was focused on making a better place for society to survive and encouraged education when he built a school  “Edward Memorial High School” in Borsad, he was the founder and the chairman today is known as Jhaverbhai Dajibhai Patel High School. In 1917 in Ahmedabad, he ran in the election for the Sanitation Commissioner role after a lot of persuasion from his friends and won. 

He did not have a very high opinion about Mahatma Gandhi until he met with him later that year in October 1917. His perspective and life altered and he joined the independence movement of India. It was an immediate decision. 

He garnered a favourable position and a lot of support from other Congressmen when he demonstrated excellent commitment in convincing the villagers and other civilians to revolt against tax pay. He was elected as the President of the Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee; in 1920 and offered his services till 1945.

He supported Gandhi during his time in jail by the Satyagraha movement in 1923 in Nagpur when there was a ban against raising the Indian Flag. He gathered many volunteers who supported him in this movement and also reached a settlement negotiating the release of other prisoners and allowing public hoisting of the national flag. The steep tax issues again rose when there was a famine in April 1928 after his return to fulfil his municipality duties and this time he was able to gain even more support to completely negate the tax payment.  

“Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy” resolution was passed by Congress in 1931 under Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s chairmanship. Sardar Patel was arrested along with Gandhi in 1932 and was released two years later in 1934. 

He was also sent to prison again in 1940 for a period of 9 months when Sardar Patel supported Gandhi in the Quit India Movement during the outbreak of the second world war. And after release, he participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement for the British to finally Quit India. Once again he got arrested in August 1942 and was not released till June 16th 1945. 

Patel was initially apprehensive of Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence but later embraced it as he understood its importance and power. Upon his release in 1945, it came to his knowledge that the British are indeed considering the transfer of power to India. His valiant struggles also garnered him the title of “Iron Man Of India”.

When the first elections of independence were held and Rajendra Prasad became the first President of India, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel became the First Deputy Prime Minister whose role at a time of national emergency is far more crucial. It falls upon the members of the cabinet to bring about political stability and strength with a proper chain of command.

Final Years and Death 

In the years 1948 and 1949, he was awarded many honorary doctorates of law by various universities like  Nagpur University, the University of Allahabad and Banaras Hindu University, subsequently from Osmania University and Punjab University.

For his contribution to the independence Previously, Patel also featured on the cover page of the January 1947 issue of the prestigious Time magazine. 

Patel breathed his last at 75 years of age on December 15, 1950, at Birla House in Bombay, now Mumbai. This sudden demise was due to a heart attack, the first one occurred on November 2nd in the year 1950 when he was already dealing with stomach cancer since the summer of 1950. This later turned into cough blood and in those days, he was mostly confined to his bed when admitted to the hospital. He also started to lose consciousness. And eventually, his health condition worsened when he suffered a second heart attack on December 15. Post his death, following the orders of his daughter, he was cremated alongside his elder brother and wife like a common man without demanding any special treatment. 

The recognition and awards did not stop coming even after his death, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1991. 

Conclusion

Not many can achieve in several lifetimes what Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was able to excel in one lifetime. He managed to lead as a political leader and was also beloved by the crowds and masses. After his death, many officers and the national police force along with the country mourned his death. He was truly loved and his strength of character also shines as he never shied away from handling the financial burdens of his family. He was a great man and deserved the title of “patron saint of India’s civil servants” and the “Iron man of India”. 

engineeringinterviewquestions offers in-depth biographies of essential personalities throughout history. Furthermore, many other study materials will help students excel in any examination.

Here we will be looking at the life of Albert Einstein. This world-famous theoretical physicist revolutionized the world of physics in the modern world. His contributions to quantum mechanics, like his thesis on the ‘Theory of Relativity and The Photoelectric Effect,’ have helped scientists find breakthrough discoveries throughout the field of science.

Another significant contribution from him was the mass-energy equivalence formula, E = mc². One of the most celebrated and influential physicists of all time. In 1921, he was given the Nobel Prize in Physics for contributing to the concept of ‘The Photoelectric Effect.’

Childhood and Education

Einstein was born in Ulm, a city in the German Empire, on March 14th, 1879, to a family of Ashkenazi Jews. 

Since childhood, he was always interested in the subject of science. He often recalls how certain events in his early childhood days were pretty significant in his interest in science. At age 5, he was introduced to a compass and mesmerized by its deflecting needle. At age 12, he was interested in Geometry. These were the stepping stones to his intrigue in the subject. He even named his favorite book the “sacred little geometry book.”

As a child, his tutor, Max Talmey, was one of the most important influences. He introduced him to higher mathematics & philosophy.

He was great at Math and Physics from a very young age, which led him to believe that we can understand any concept in our nature as a “mathematical structure.” He started to teach himself these concepts and, after a point, said, “I have learned all the maths they teach at school and a bit more.”

For Einstein, understanding the concepts and reasoning behind the various phenomena was more critical than learning the dates of those said phenomena.

Inventions

Here is a list of some of his well-known inventions and discoveries:

1. General relativity

2. Special relativity 

3. Photoelectric Effect

4. Theory of Brownian movement

5. Mass and energy equivalence, E = mc²

6. Planck-Einstein relation, E = hf

7. Bose-Einstein condensate

8. Bose-Einstein statistics

9. Gravitational-wave

10. Cosmological constant

11. EPR paradox

12. Unified field theory

13. Ensemble interpretation

14. Einstein-de Haas effect

15. Einstein-Rosen bridge

16. Stark-Einstein law

Achievements

Out of many, a few of his most notable achievements are:

• He emphasized the concept of mass and energy being equivalent, which led to the famous formula of E = mc².

• Einstein was one of the first few people who dismissed the ideologies of Older Physics. He talked about how the absolute of Time was now replaced by a greater absolute of light.

• In 1910, he explained the phenomenon, ‘Why the Sky is Blue, and his paper on this subject was considered to be a great contribution to the subject of the cumulative effect of the light scattering by individual molecules in the atmosphere.

• He questioned ‘The Wave Theory of Light’ and debated how light could also be regarded as particulates. This ideology was one of the stepping stones for Quantum Physics. For these ideals, he won the Nobel Prize in 1921.

• In 1924, Satyendra Nath Bose, an Indian Physicist, provided a paper on the subject of light as a gas of photons and asked Einstein for his assistance in the publication of this paper. Einstein studied his concepts to discover that the same theory could be applied for atoms, and these discoveries turned out to be the basis for the concept of Bosons.

• In 1932, Einstein and de Sitter proposed the concepts that helped in the initial stages of the research of ‘dark matter.’

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, also known as Baba Saheb Ambedkar, was born on April 14, 1891, at Mhow in Madhya Pradesh, India. He was a good student earning doctorates from both London University and Columbia University of London. He gained a reputation as a scholar for his research in law, economics, and political science. in his early carrier, he was an editor, economist, professor, and activist who was against the discrimination Dalits faced because of caste. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar’s later career included participating in political activities.

Ambedkar History

Dr. B.R.Ambedkar was born in Mhow of Madhya Pradesh. His father was Ramji Makoji Sakpal, who was an army officer in the British India army. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar was the fourteenth son of his father. Bhimabai Sakpal was his mother. His family was of Marathi background from the town of Ambawade. Dr. B. R.Ambedtkar was born as a Dalit and he was treated as an untouchable. He was subjected to regular social and economic discrimination. Although Ambedkar attended school, he and other Dalit students were treated as untouchables. They were separated from another group of students from other caste and were not given attention by the teachers. They were even not allowed to sit with other students for their own drinking water.

He used to drink water with the help of the peon as he and other Dalit students were not allowed to touch anything. His father retired in 1894 and his mother passed away 2 years after they moved to Satara. Of all his brothers and sisters, Ambedkar was the only one who passed his examination and went to high school. Later in high school, his school, a Brahmin teacher, changed his surname from Ambadawekar, which was given by his father to Ambedkar in records. This shows the level of discrimination that was done on Dalits. Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar EducationIn 1897, Ambedkar became the only untouchable to get enrolled at the Elphinstone High School. In 1906, Ambedkar, who was 15 years old, married a 9 years old named Ramabai.

The marriage was done by the couple’s parents as per the rituals. In 1912, he obtained his degree in political science and economics from Bombay University and was employed by the Baroda state government. In 1913, Ambedkar moved to the United States as he was awarded a scholarship for three years by Sayajirao Gaekwad three. The scholarship was designed to provide opportunities for post-graduate education at Columbia University in New York City. In 1915, he majored in Economics, Sociology, History, Philosophy, and Anthropology. In 1917, he completed his master’s degree and wrote a thesis on “The problem of the rupee- its origin and solution,” and in 1923, he completed a D.Sc in Economics, which was awarded by the University of London.

The birthday of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, or Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, is on April 14 as he was born on that day in Mhow, India, in the year 1891 and died on December 6, 1956, in New Delhi. His mother’s name was Bhimabai and father’s name was Ramji Sakpal. He was born in an army cantonment in Madhya Pradesh as his father was an army subedar. Once his father retired, they moved to Satara and that’s where his mother passed away. His father remarried four years after the death of his mother and the family relocated to Bombay. When Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was 15 years old, he was married to Ramabai, who was a 9-year-old girl, in 1906. In 1912, the father of Ambedkar died in Bombay.

Ambedkar had a difficult time in his childhood because he always faced caste discrimination. He belonged to a Dalit family and Dalits were considered “untouchables,” a low caste. When Ambedkar was in an army school, he faced discrimination there as well. Due to this, teachers usually made a separate arrangement for low caste students so that they are not mixed with high caste students like Brahmins. Sometimes, Ambedkar and other low caste students were even asked to sit outside the classroom by the teachers as they feared it might cause problems if low caste students were mixed with high-class students.

The problem of caste discrimination didn’t end for Ambedkar even when he was enrolled in a local school in Satara. This discrimination seemed to be following him. When he came back from America, the King of Baroda appointed him as his defense secretary. Even being in such a high position, he was called ‘untouchable’ by his upper-class officials.

Ambedkar’s Involvement during Independence

Ambedkar was involved in campaigning and negotiation of India’s Independence. After Independence, he became the chairman of the drafting committee of the Indian constitution. After India’s Independence, he was the first minister of law and justice and is considered to be the architect of the constitution of India. In 1956 he converted to Buddhism, resulting in the mass conversion of Dalits. In 1948, Ambedkar suffered from diabetes. After fighting diabetes for almost seven years, Ambedkar passed away in his sleep on December 6 1956 at his home.

Education Of Dr B. R. Ambedkar 

In 1908, Ambedkar passed his tenth class from the Elphinstone High School. He graduated from Bombay University in 1912 and his subjects included political studies and economics. Ambedkar was an intelligent student and cleared all his exams without much problem. Gaekwad ruler of, Sahyaji Rao III was so impressed with him that he gave a scholarship of 25 rupees per month to Ambedkar. Ambedkar used all that money to continue his studies outside India. He applied for Columbia University in New York to complete his master’s degree in Economics.

He was selected in that university and completed his master’s degree in 1915 and this is the time when he gave his thesis called ‘Ancient Indian Commerce. In 1916, he started working on his new thesis, ‘The problem of the rupee: Its origin and its solution’ and this was the time when he applied for the London School of Economics and got selected. In this thesis, he was also helped by Governor Lord Sydenham. In Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics, he became a political science professor, but he decided to continue his further studies and went to England. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1927 in Economics and was awarded a Doctorate by the University of Columbia in the same year.

Achievements of Dr B. R. Ambedkar

Ambedkar played a key role in the formation of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in 1935. Back in 1955, he was the first person to propose the partition of Madhya Pradesh and Bihar for better government. He also wanted to make Sanskrit the Indian union’s official language and he took part in the ‘Lok Sabha’ election twice but failed to win on both occasions. ‘Waiting for a Visa,’ his autobiography, is used as a textbook at Columbia University. He was opposed to the principle of employment and constituency reservation and didn’t want the system to exist at all. He was the first Indian to earn a Ph.D. degree outside of India. Ambedkar was the one who pushed for a reduction in India’s working hours from 14 to eight hours a day. He was a vocal opponent of the Indian constitution’s ‘Article 370,’ which granted the state of Jammu and Kashmir special status. 

In 1916, Dr. B.R.Ambedkar worked as the defense secretary for the princely state of Baroda. As he was a Dalit, wor was not easy. He was ridiculed by the people and often ignored. After continuous caste discrimination, he quit his job as the defense secretary and took up jobs as a private tutor and accountant. He later established a consulting firm, but it failed to flourish. The reason has been that he was a Dalit. He finally got a job as a teacher at the Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics in Mumbai. As Ambedkar was a victim of caste discrimination, he thrived on uplifting the pitiable state of the untouchables in society. He founded a weekly journal called “Mooknayak,” which enabled him to criticize the beliefs of the Hindus. He was passionate about eradicating the practice of caste discrimination in India which led him to establish “Bahishkrit Hitakarni Sabha.”

The main goal of the organization was to provide education to the backward classes. In 1927, he continuously worked against untouchability. He followed the footsteps of Gandhi and led a Satyagraha movement. The untouchables were denied access to the main source of drinking water and entry in Temples. He fought for the rights of the untouchables. In 1932, the “Poona Pact” was formed that allowed reservation for the depressed class in the regional legislative assembly and central council states. In 1935, he founded the “Independent labor party,” which secured fourteen seats in the Bombay election.

In 1935, he published books such as ‘The Annihilation of Caste,’ which questioned orthodox Hindu beliefs, and the very next year, he published another book by the name ‘Who Were the Shudras?’ in which he explained how the untouchables were formed. After India’s Independence, he served on the board of the defense advisory committee and as the minister for labor for the ‘viceroy’s executive council.’His dedication towards the work earned him the chair of India’s first law minister. He was the first chairman of the drafting committee of the Constitution of India.

He also established the finance committee of India. It was through his policies the nation progressed both economically and socially. In 1951, ‘The Hindu Code Bill’ was proposed to him, which he later rejected and resigned from the Cabinet. He contested for the seat of Likh Sabha but was defeated. He was later appointed to the Rajya Sabha and remained a member of the Rajya Sabha until his death in 1955.

Thoughts and Opinions

B.R. Ambedkar was a leading social reformer and an activist who dedicated his entire life to the betterment of the Dalits and other socially backward classes of India. Ambedkar continuously fought for the eradication of caste discrimination that had spread like a disease in Indian society. As he was born in a socially backward family, Ambedkar was a Dalit who was a victim of caste discrimination and inequality. However, against all odds, Ambedkar became the first Dalit to complete higher education. He then went on and completed college and got a doctorate in economics from London University. He entered politics entirely, aiming to fight for the rights of the backward classes and against the inequality practiced in society. After India became independent, he went on to become the first law minister of free India and the chief architect of the ‘Constitution of India.’Later in 1956, he converted to Buddhism, as he considered it to be ‘the most scientific religion.’

Within 2 months of the conversion anniversary, Ambedkar died of diabetes in 1956.ConclusionBhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, popularly known as Baba Saheb, was a jurist, politician, economist, writer, editor. He was a Dalit who was a usual subject to caste discrimination. He was not allowed to eat with other caste children or even drink water at school. His story is the best example of determination and showcases how education can change the fortune of anyone. A child who was subject to caste discrimination went on to become a man who was the architect of Independent India’s constitution. A story is written in heaven’s which is the best example of not giving up on yourself even if the odds are against you.

Rabindranath Thakur was a man of various talents. He was recognized by people all over the globe for his literary works – poetry, philosophies, plays, and especially his songwriting. Rabindranath Tagore was the man who gave India, its National Anthem. He was one of the greatest entities of all time and the only Indian to receive a Nobel Prize.

Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913, becoming the first non-European to receive the honour. He was only sixteen years old when he was to publish his first short story called “Bhanisimha”, was published. Rabindranath Tagore was born on the 07th of May, 1861 in Kolkata. Rabindranath Tagore was the son of Debendranath Tagore, one of Brahmo Samaj’s active members, a known and celebrated philosopher, and literate. R.N Tagore died after a prolonged illness on the 07th of August, 1941.

Rabindranath Tagore Childhood and Education

While growing up, R.N Tagore shared a very intimate relationship with his elder brother and his sister-in-law. Rabindranath Tagore’s father’s name is Debendranath Tagore, and his mother’s name is Sarada Devi. Rabindranath Tagore’s birthday is on the 7th of May, 1861, and he was born in Calcutta, Bengal Presidency then. It is believed that they did everything together. Rabindranath Tagore’s education didn’t seem too impressive. 

R.N Tagore did not enjoy schooling, and he was mostly found procrastinating and pondering for hours. He went to one of the most prestigious St. Xavier’s School, and later, he went to the University of London in Bridgton, England, to study law and become a barrister. Still, as we know, he did not enjoy schooling much; he returned home in two years but without a degree. Even though he did not enjoy schooling much, he was always found with books, pen, and ink. He would always be scribbling things in his notebook; however, he was shy to reveal his writings.

Growing Years and Career

R.N Tagore was only eight years old when he first wrote a poem. By the age of sixteen, his short story got published, titled “Bhanusimha”. R.N Tagore’s contribution to literature is beyond any measure. He was the one who had introduced new verses and prose and also lingua franca in his mother tongue, which is Bangla. R.N Tagore after returning to India after leaving his education, but he did not leave literature. 

R.N Tagore published several books of Rabindranath Tagore poems and short stories, plays, and songs. His most renowned work, called “Gitanjali”, was very well received all over India and England. He is the author of two National Anthems, which are “Amar Sonar Bangla” for Bangladesh and  “Jana Gana Mana” for India. He worked with very unfamiliar and different styles in Bangla Language. Some of them are heavily immersed in social and political satire. He was one of those who believed in global peace and equality. He is one of the pioneers of contemporary Bengali literature. 

After returning to India, he completed and published his book of poems called “Manasi” which was believed to contain his best poems. “Manasi” contained several verse forms which were fresh to contemporary Bengali literature, and it also contained some political and social satire that questioned and mocked R.N Tagore’s fellow Bengalis. 

Besides writing and working on literature, R.N Tagore also participated in the family business. In 1891, he went to East Bengal, which is now in Bangladesh, to look after his ancestral estates and lands at Shahzadpur and Shilaidaha for almost 10 years. He spent some time in a houseboat at Padma river, and his sympathy for village folk became the keynote of most literature later in his life. In East India, poems and other works of Rabindranath Tagore were published as a collection in the book called “Sonar Tari” and a very notable and celebrated play called “Chitrangada”. He has written over two thousand songs which are very popular in Bengal until now. When R.N Tagore was in his 60s, he tried his hand at painting, and for the talented man he was, his works won him a good name among India’s topmost contemporary artists.

Rabindranath Tagore and Shantiniketan

Rabindranath Tagore received his nickname “Gurudev”, out of respect by his pupils at his very unique and special school, which he established in Shantiniketan, called “Visva Bharati University” Santiniketan was developed and founded by the Tagore family. This little town was very close to Rabindranath Tagore. 

R.N Tagore wrote several poems and songs about this place. Unlike other universities, “Visva Bharati” University was open to each student who was eager to learn. The classrooms and the scope for learning in this university were not confined within four walls. Instead, classes took place in open space, beneath the massive banyan trees on the university grounds. To this date, this ritual of attending classes in open spaces is practiced by the students and the teachers. R.N Tagore permanently moved to the school after.

Rabindranath Tagore Death and His Encounters with Death

R.N Tagore was only fourteen years old when Sharada Devi, his mother, passed away. After his mother’s sudden and heartbreaking demise, R.N Tagore was mostly seen avoiding classrooms and schooling. Instead, he would roam about his town Bolpur. He had to face the death of several of his loved ones, that too, one after the other, which left him devastated and heartbroken. After his mother, R.N Tagore lost a very close friend and a very significant influence, Kadambari Devi, his sister-in-law. It is presumed that R.N Tagore’s novella called “Nastanirh” was about Kadambari Devi.

It is also believed that she had committed suicide four months after R.N Tagore’s marriage to Mrinalini Devi. There are some serious speculations made about R.N Tagore, and his sister-in-law sharing a very intimate relationship and that maybe the two were in love; however, there has been no confirmation on the same. Later, his wife, Mrinalini Devi, too died due to an illness. He lost his two daughters, Madhurilata, who R.N Tagore adored and was fond of the most due to tuberculosis, and Renuka and his son Shamindranath due to cholera. These deaths shook him to the core, but he never failed to pick up his pen again. Even though all these encounters with death gave him shaping his personality and writing style, he kept longing for a companion who shares the same interests as he does. 

Life was a little less cruel to him at this point. When he found that companion, he had been longing for – his niece Indira Devi, who was highly educated and well-read. R.N Tagore wrote to her about some sensitive details about his life. These letters to Indira Devi witnessed the sheer vulnerability of his emotional state, sensibilities, and experiences. Since Indira Devi had copied all his letters in a notebook; it eventually got published. “Chinnapatra” can give one a glimpse of Tagore’s growth as a human and as an artist. Grief had been a constant part of R.N Tagore’s life, which is often reflected in his literary works; after losing Rabindranath Tagore’s wife and daughters, he lost his father too. These years of sadness and sorrow, which were very actively reflected in his literary works, were introduced as “Gitanjali” which won him the Nobel Prize.

Rabindranath Tagore and His Nationalism

R.N Tagore was politically very aware and very critical at the same time, he not only criticized the British Raj, but he was also very vocal about the mistakes his fellow Bengalis and Indians made. These were reflected in the socio-political satires he wrote and published. When R.N Tagore had been awarded a knighthood, as a sign of protest against the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, he repudiated the award. Recognition, fame, money nothing mattered to him when it came to his country. He loved his country, the lands, rivers, and the people of his country very much. 

It is thus quite right to say that Tagore opposed European colonialism and supported Indian nationalists. He also shunned the Swadeshi Movement and urged Indians to accept that education is the way forward. A blind revolution will only lead to the loss of lives and unwanted and unnecessary loss of life.

Rabindranath Tagore and His Love For Literature, Art, and Music

Some of the most renowned works of Tagore which are highly recommended works of literature are “Noukadubi”, “Shesher Kobita”, “Chaturanga”, “Gora”, “Char Adhyay”, “Jogajog”, “Ghare Baire”. “Ghare Baire” was also produced as a film by another precious talent Satyajit Ray. His novels were very underappreciated in his time but gained a lot of respect after film directors like Tapan Sinha, Tarun Majumdar and of course, Satyajit Ray adapted and made feature films based on his novels. In popular culture, even his songs, poems and novels are employed in Movies and as background scores. The genre of the songs by Rabindranath Tagore are known as “Rabindra Sangeet” and movies have been adapted and made out of his novels “Noukadubi” and “Chokher Bali”. It is highly recommended to read “Gitanjali” to appreciate Tagore’s poetic style and to appreciate some very heartfelt and moving songs that he wrote, it is recommended to listen to “Tobu Mone Rekho”. 

In addition to all this, Rabindranath Tagore was a commendable artist and musician too. His paintings are celebrated both nationally and internationally and have received wide acclaim. His songs are considered to be at the heart of Bengal culture and his compilations are fondly termed Rabindra Sangeet. These songs elaborate on themes of love, worship, devotion, and so on. RN Tagore started painting at the age of 60. His brilliant artwork is displayed to this day in several museums globally.

Rabindranath Tagore And His Last Days

Rabindranath Tagore died in the place he loved the most. However, the last few years of his life were quite painful.  He was affected by chronic illness during the last 4 years of his life. In 1937, he went into a comatose condition due to this prolonged suffering he was enduring. On August 7th in 1941, this great novelist, poet, musician, and painter passed away quietly in the same Jorasanko mansion in which he was brought up.

Conclusion 

Here is everything students should know about Rabindranath Tagore, his life, his works and his achievements in life.

Maharana Pratap Singh was a famous Rajput warrior and the king of Mewar in Rajasthan, in northwestern India. He is regarded as one of the greatest Rajput warriors, having resisted Mughal emperor Akbar’s attempts to conquer his domain. Unlike the other Rajput rulers in the region, Maharana Pratap repeatedly refused to submit to the Mughals and fought valiantly until his last breath. He was the first Rajput warrior to take on the might of Akbar, the Mughal Emperor and was a sign of Rajput gallantry, diligence, and valor. In Rajasthan, he is regarded as a hero for his bravery, sacrifice, and fiercely independent spirit.

Rana Pratap Singh Biography and Information

• Rana Pratap Singh Wife – Maharani Ajabde

• Maharana Pratap Children –  Amar Singh I, Bhagwan Das

• Maharana Pratap Date of Birth – May 9, 1540

• Maharana Pratap Birthplace – Kumbhalgarh, Rajasthan

• Maharana Pratap Death Date – January 29, 1597

• Maharana Pratap Death Place – Chavand

Rana Pratap History

Pratap Singh I, also known as Maharana Pratap, was the 13th king of Mewar, which is now part of the state of Rajasthan in northwestern India. He was recognised for his role in the Battle of Haldighati and Battle of Dewair and was dubbed “Mewari Rana” for his military resistance to the Mughal Empire’s expansionism. From 1572 until his death in 1597, he was the ruler of Sisodias of Mewar.

Maharana Pratap Singh Childhood and Early Life

Maharana Pratap Singh was born in Kumbhalgarh, Rajasthan, on May 9, 1540. Maharana Udai Singh II was his father, and Rani Jeevant Kanwar was his mother. Maharana Udai Singh II was the ruler of Mewar, with Chittor as his capital. Maharana Pratap was granted the title of Crown Prince since he was the eldest of twenty-five sons. In the line of the Sisodiya Rajputs, he was destined to be the 54th ruler of Mewar.

Chittor was surrounded by Emperor Akbar’s Mughal forces in 1567 when Crown Prince Pratap Singh was just 27 years old. Rather than surrender to the Mughals, Maharana Udai Singh II chose to abandon Chittor and relocate his family to Gogunda. The young Pratap Singh decided to stay and battle the Mughals, but his elders intervened and persuaded him to leave Chittor, completely oblivious to the fact that his departure from Chittoor would change history forever.

Maharana Udai Singh II and his nobles formed a temporary Mewar kingdom government in Gogunda. The Maharana died in 1572, allowing Crown Prince Pratap Singh to succeed him as Maharana. The late Maharana Udai Singh II, on the other hand, had succumbed to the influence of his favorite queen, Rani Bhatiyani, and had decreed that her son Jagmal should succeed to the throne. As the late Maharana’s body was being transported to the cremation grounds, Crown Prince Pratap Singh accompanied the Maharaja’s body. This was a break from tradition, as the Crown Prince was not supposed to accompany the Maharaja’s body to the tomb and instead was supposed to prepare to ascend the throne, ensuring that the line of succession remained intact.

Per his father’s wishes, Pratap Singh chose to have his half-brother Jagmal succeed him as king. The late Maharana’s nobles, especially the Chundawat Rajputs, forced Jagmal to abdicate the throne to Pratap Singh, knowing that this would be disastrous for Mewar. Jagmal, unlike Bharat, did not voluntarily relinquish the throne. He vowed vengeance and set out for Ajmer to join Akbar’s army, where he was promised a jagir – the town of Jahazpur – in exchange for his assistance. In the meantime, Crown Prince Pratap Singh was elevated to Maha Rana Pratap Singh I, the 54th ruler of Mewar in the Sisodiya Rajput line.

It was the year 1572. Pratap Singh had recently been appointed Maharana of Mewar and had not visited Chittor since 1567. Chittor was under Akbar’s rule, but not the kingdom of Mewar. Akbar’s dream of being the Jahanpanah of Hindustan could not be realized as long as the people of Mewar swore allegiance to their Maharana. He sent several emissaries to Mewar in the hopes of persuading Maharana Rana Pratap to sign a treaty, but the letter was only willing to sign a peace treaty that preserved Mewar’s sovereignty. In the year 1573, Akbar dispatched six diplomatic missions to Mewar in an attempt to persuade Rana Pratap to accept the latter’s suzerainty, but Rana Pratap rejected all of them.

Raja Man Singh, Akbar’s brother-in-law, was in charge of the last of these missions. Raja Man Singh declined to sup with Maharana Pratap Singh, who was enraged that his fellow Rajput was allied with someone who had compelled all Rajputs to submit. The battle lines had been drawn, and Akbar realized that Maharana Pratap would never submit, forcing him to use his troops against Mewar.

Maharana Pratap Singh Military Career

Battle of Haldighati

On June 18, 1576, Maharana Pratap Singh fought against Akbar’s forces led by Man Singh I of Amer in the Battle of Haldighati. The Mughals were triumphant and killed a large number of Mewaris, but they were unable to capture the Maharana. (#14) The fighting took place in a narrow mountain pass near Gogunda, which is now known as Rajsamand in Rajasthan. Pratap Singh had about 3000 cavalry and 400 Bhil archers on his side. Man Singh of Amber, who commanded an army of 5000–10,000 soldiers, was the Mughal commander. The Maharana was wounded and the day was lost after a fierce fight that lasted more than six hours. He was able to flee to the hills and return to the battle the next day.

The Mughals were unable to destroy or capture Maharana Pratap Singh or any of his close family members in Udaipur, making Haldighati a meaningless victory. Pratap and his army recaptured the western regions of his dominion as soon as the empire’s attention shifted north-west.number 16 Despite the fact that Pratap was able to make a safe escape, the war did not succeed in breaking the deadlock between the two forces. Following that, Akbar waged a concerted war against the Rana, and by the end of it, he had taken possession of Goganda, Udaipur, and Kumbhalgarh.

Rana Pratap History of Resurgence

Following rebellions in Bengal and Bihar, as well as Mirza Hakim’s incursion into the Punjab, Mughal pressure on Mewar, eased after 1579. In the Battle of Dewair (1582), Pratap Singh invaded and captured the Mughal post at Dewair (or Dewar). All 36 Mughal military outposts in Mewar were automatically liquidated as a result of this. Akbar halted his military campaigns against Mewar after this defeat. Dewar’s triumph was Maharana’s crowning achievement, dubbed the “Marathon of Mewar” by James Tod. 

Akbar moved to Lahore in 1585 and stayed for the next twelve years, keeping an eye on the situation in the north-west. During this time, no major Mughal expeditions were sent to Mewar. Pratap took advantage of the situation and took control of Western Mewar, which included Kumbhalgarh, Udaipur, and Gogunda. He also built a new capital, Chavand, near modern-day Dungarpur, during this time.

Maharana Pratap Singh Personal Life

Maharana Pratap had seventeen sons, eleven wives, and five daughters. His favorite partner, however, was Maharani Ajabde Punwar, his first wife. In 1557, he became the first person to tie a knot. His first son, Amar Singh I, was born in 1559 and would later succeed him.

Pratap is said to have married ten more princesses in order to keep the Rajputs together. Pratap spent most of his childhood in the forests, and it is said that his family once had to live on grass chapatis.

Maharana Pratap Death

Maharana Pratap Singh died on January 19, 1597, at the age of 56, in Chavand from injuries suffered in a hunting accident. His eldest son, Amar Singh I, succeeded him. Pratap told his son on his deathbed not to surrender to the Mughals and to reclaim Chittor.

About Maharana Pratap Singh

Maharana Pratap was a famous warrior of Rajput and was the king of Mewar in Rajasthan which is in the North Western region of India. He was among the greatest flash put for your ears who was recognised for resisting the attempts of the Akbar who was the Mughal ruler to conquer his territory. Maharana Pratap I fought continuously and courageously till his last breath and refused repeatedly to submit to the mighty Mughals. Maharana Pratap was the only Rajput who had taken the might of Akbar who was the Mughal emperor. He was a symbol of Rajput gallantry and diligence. He was also honored as a hero in Rajasthan for all his courage and sacrifices which he had made. 

Maharana Pratap and his family have lived in the forest for a very long time and suffered for the basic things and also survived on chapatis which was made up from grass. He also had a very faithful horse whose name was Chetak, who was his favorite and a very few people know a fact that had Blue eyes. That is why maharana pratap was also known as the rider of the blue horse.

Childhood of Maharana Pratap

Maharana Pratap was born in Kumbhalgarh fort on 9 May 1540. His mother and father were Jaiwanta Bai and Udai Singh II respectively. He had two step sisters and three younger brothers. His father was the king of Mewar. In 1957, Mewar’s capital Chittor was surrounded by the mughal forces. His father Uday Singh left the capital and shifted all his family members to Gogunda. Rana Pratap resisted this decision of his father and insisted on staying back in Chittoor. But his elders convinced him to leave the place.

After the demise of Uday Singh, Rani Dher bai wanted the eldest son of Uday Singh to be crowned as the king. But the senior courtiers felt that Pratap could be a good choice for handling the prevailing situation. This is how Maharana Pratap became the king. 

Accession and Reign

When Rana Pratap Singh succeeded his father to the throne of Mewar, his brother Jagmal Singh, who had joined the Mughal army for the sake of revenge and was nominated by Udai Singh as the crown prince. Akbar, the Mughal king, rewarded Jagmal Singh for the help he had rendered and gave him the town of Jahazpur. After the Rajputs left Chittor, Mughals took control of that place but they were unable to rule over the kingdom of Mewar and became unsuccessful. Akbar sent a few of his envoys to negotiate with Rana Pratap Singh for making an alliance with him, but it didn’t work. 

Personal Life of Maharana Pratap

Maharana Pratap had a total of 11 wives, five daughters, and 17 sons but his favorite wife was his first wife whose name was Maharani Ajabde Punwar. He tied the knot with her in 1557. The name of his first son Amar Singh was born in 1559 and later succeeded him. In order to strengthen the Rajput unity, it is being said that Maharana Pratap married ten more princesses. 

Legacy of Rana Pratap Singh

Maharana Pratap Singh did not surrender the Mughal armies which was led by Akbar and that is why he is considered to be India’s first freedom fighter which was in itself a big thing. Also there are few television shows made on the life and achievements of Maharana Pratap Singh. A historic site has also been made to dedicate it to Maharana Pratap Singh, which is situated at the top of Moti Magri, Pearl Hill which is situated in Udaipur and named as Maharana Pratap Memorial. It was built by the Maharana Bhagwat Singh of Mewar and represented a bronze statue of the great warrior Maharana Pratap Singh riding his horse Chetak. 

Death 

At the age of 56,  on 29 January 1597, the great warrior Maharana Pratap left. The reason for his demise was the injuries which he got during the struggle against the Mughal Empire. His eldest son Amar Singh succeeded him to the throne and became a king of Mewar.