Category: Civil Engineering Drawing Objective Questions

250+ TOP MCQs on Estimate of Materials for Different House Parts and Answers

Civil Engineering Drawing online test on “Estimate of Materials for Different House Parts”.

1. Calculate the cost of carriage of 50,000 bricks by bullock carts, from a distance of 7 km on kutcha road. The cart can make two trips per day and can carry 250 bricks per trip. The wages of bullock cart may be taken as Rs.50 per day including the driver.
a) Rs.10,000
b) Rs.5000
c) Rs.1000
d) Rs.500

Answer: b
Clarification: No. of trips required = 50000/250 = 200
No. of days work at two trips per day = 200/2 = 100
Cost of transport @Rs.50 per day = 100*50 = Rs.5000.

2. The cost of transporting materials does not depends upon the following factor ________
a) cost of owing or hire charges of the vehicle
b) loading capacity of the vehicle
c) labour cost for loading and unloading
d) elevation of road

Answer: d
Clarification: Trucking companies (AE) or haulage companies / hauliers (BE) accept cargo for road transport. Truck drivers operate either independently – working directly for the client – or through freight carriers or shipping agents. This also applies to shipments that are transported out of a free port.

3. Bullock cart can carry a load of ¾ to 1 tonne depending on the type of materials and the nature of road.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: The average speed of a bullock cart may be taken as 3.5 km per hour and ¾ hour may be allowed for loading and unloading.

4. For a lead of 1 km average speed is usually taken as 100 km per hour.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: For each additional lead of 1 km an increase of speed of 1⁄>sub>2 km/hr is allowed. For parking usually 6 km is allowed.

5. The number of trips (N) in a 8-hour working day is calculated by the formula __________
a) N=8/(2L/S+5/8)
b) N=8/(2L/S+3/4)
c) N=8/(2L/S+8/4)
d) N=8/(2L/S+3/9)

Answer: b
Clarification: where L=Lead(distance) in km, S=speed in km per hour and ½ hour time is allowed for loading and unloading.

6. Knowing the number of trips, the total distance run both ways in km is equal to 2N+6.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: The consumption of fuel, etc., many be taken as-Petrol or Diesel oil 3 km per litre, mobil oil 100 km per litre. The quantity of fuel consumption and the cost of fuel may be calculated as the local rates.

7. A half door or Dutch door or stable door is divided in half horizontally.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: Traditionally the top half can be opened to allow a horse or other animal to be fed, while the bottom half remains closed to keep the animal inside. This style of door has been adapted for homes.

8. Ideally, architects of houses design rooms to meet the needs of the people who will live in the house, this is known as ___________
a) planning
b) layout
c) finishing
d) interior design

Answer: d
Clarification: Interior design is the art and science of enhancing the interiors of a space or building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the end user. An interior designer is someone who plans, researches, coordinates, and manages such projects. Interior design is a multifaceted profession that includes conceptual development, space planning, site inspections, programming, research, communicating with the stakeholders of a project, construction management, and execution of the design.

10. Horizontal boards at the top, bottom, and optionally in the middle of a door that join the two stiles and split the door into two or more rows of panels is known as ______________
a) panels
b) mullions
c) stiles
d) rails

Answer: d
Clarification: Horizontal boards at the top, bottom, and optionally in the middle of a door that join the two stiles and split the door into two or more rows of panels. The “top rail” and “bottom rail” are named for their positions. The bottom rail is also known as “kick rail”. A middle rail at the height of the bolt is known as the “lock rail”, other middle rails are commonly known as “cross rails”.

11. A brick laid flat with its long narrow side exposed is known as ____________
a) stretcher
b) header
c) rowlock
d) shiner

Answer: a

12. A brick laid on the long narrow side with the broad face of the brick exposed is known as ______________
a) shiner
b) header
c) sailor
d) soldier

Answer: b

13. A brick laid on the long narrow side with the short end of the brick exposed is ___________
a) header
b) rowlock
c) sailor
d) soldier

Answer: b

15. A ___________ consists of colourants dissolved and/or suspended in a ‘vehicle’ or solvent.
a) ceramic mixture
b) paint
c) wood stain
d) plaster

Answer: c
Clarification: Vehicle is the preferred term, as the contents of a stain may not be truly ‘dissolved’ in the vehicle, but rather ‘suspended’, and thus the vehicle may not be a true ‘solvent’. The vehicle often may be water, alcohol, a petroleum distillate, or a finishing agent such as shellac, lacquer, varnish and polyurethane. Coloured or ‘stained’ finishes do not typically deeply penetrate the pores of the wood and may largely disappear when the finish deteriorates or is removed.

250+ TOP MCQs on Reports on Estimate for the Construction of Road and Irrigation Channel and Answers

Civil Engineering Drawing Questions and Answers for Entrance exams on “Reports on Estimate for the Construction of Road and Irrigation Channel”.

1. The kind of canal section involved in irrigation work is __________
a) canal high in embankment in partly in excavation
b) canal partly in excavation and partly in embankment
c) canal less in embankment
d) canal half in excavation
Answer: b
Clarification: There are generally three kinds of canal sections involved in irrigation works and they are:-
• Canal fully in excavation
• Canal fully in embankment
• Canal partly in excavation and partly in embankment
Generally, the volume of earthwork for irrigational canals is calculated by the Trapezoidal formula which is also called End-area formula or the Mid-sectional formula. Generally, the side slope in cutting is kept as 1:1(H:V) and in banking 1.5:1(H:V) or 2:1(H:V) according to soil condition.

2. An impermeable layer is provided at the bed and sides of canal to improve the life and discharge capacity of canal known as ______________
a) canal modification
b) canal concreting
c) canal lining
d) canal regulation
Answer: c
Clarification: An important reason for lining a canal can be the reduction in water losses, as water losses in unlined irrigation canals can be high. Canals that carry from 30 to 150 liters/sec can lose 10 to 15% of this flow by seepage and water consumption by weeds. Lining a canal will not completely eliminate these losses, but roughly 60 to 80% of the water that is lost in unlined irrigation canals can be saved by a hard-surface lining. 42 Canal lining Minimizing water losses is very important, and especially so in schemes where irrigation water is pumped. Reduced water losses means less water to pump and thus a reduction in pumping costs.

3. The canal system does not consist ______________
a) main canal
b) branch canal
c) sub-main canal
d) major distributary
Answer: c
Clarification: Main Canal-Main Canal takes off directly from the upstream side of weir head works or dam. Usually no direct cultivation is proposed. Most of the main canals are aligned as contour canals to derive benefit.
Branch Canal-All off takes from main canal with head discharge of 14-15 cumecs and above are termed as branch canals.
Major Distributary-All off takes from main canal or branch canal with head discharge from 0.028 to 15 cumecs are termed as major distributaries.

4. A power canal refers to a canal used for hydraulic power generation, rather than for transport.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Nowadays power canals are built almost exclusively as parts of hydroelectric power stations. Parts of the United States, particularly in the Northeast, had enough fast-flowing rivers that water power was the primary means of powering factories (usually textile mills) until after the American Civil War. For example, Lowell, Massachusetts, considered to be “The Cradle of the American Industrial Revolution,” has 6 miles (9.7 km) of canals, built from around 1790 to 1850, that provided water power and a means of transportation for the city. The output of the system is estimated at 10,000 horsepower.

5. Canals are natural-made channels for water conveyance, or to service water transport vehicles.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: Canals are human-made channels for water conveyance, or to service water transport vehicles. In most cases, the engineered works will have a series of dams and locks that create areas of low speed current flow. These areas are referred to as slack water levels, often just called levels.
An canal is also known as a navigation when it parallels a river and shares part of its waters and drainage basin, and leverages its resources by building dams and locks to increase and lengthen its stretches of slack water levels while staying in its valley.

6. If the total quantity of earth obtained from digging in the bed is equal to the quantity of earth required for the formation of the banks then this is known as economic digging.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: Also this canal is said to be designed with the balancing depth. Quantity of digging = Quantity in banking i.e. Sectional area of digging = Sectional area of two banks or, Bd+sd2 = (b1+b2)*h+2S1 h2. Although it is never possible to adjust the canal section to this requirement but it may be quite possible in certain portions.
If the quantity of earthwork in the excavation is more than the quantity of earthwork in banking then the surplus earth is thrown away to form spoil bank.
If the quantity of earthwork in the excavation is less than that of banking then the extra earth is taken from borrow pots in the temporary land whose area is calculated for temporary land acquisition.

7. As a modern technique use of plastics in canal lining is that plastic is covered at the top of the canal to prevent dust.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The plastic as a material for canal lining offers certain characteristic advantages like negligible weight, easy for handling, spreading and transport, immune to chemical action and speedy construction. The plastic film is spread on the prepared subgrade of the canal. To anchor the membrane on the banks ‘V trenches are provided. The film is then covered with protective soil cover.

8. In water bound macadam roads, binding material is Brick dust.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Stone dust is like a darker, coarser version of sand. It is a byproduct of running stones through a crushing machine to make crushed stone. Its exact composition will obviously depend on what kind of stone was run through the machine. For instance, sometimes granite is run through such a machine; in other cases, it could be limestone, for example. The machine has a screen that traps the larger material (that is, the crushed stone). The smaller material or “screenings” falls through the screen. Depending on the size of the holes in the screen used, it can be so fine in texture that it is basically a powder.

Civil Engineering Drawing for Entrance exams,

250+ TOP MCQs on Units of Measurement and Payment for Various Items and Answers

Civil Engineering Drawing Questions and Answers for Freshers on “Units of Measurement and Payment for Various Items”.

1. Earthwork in plinth filling is calculated by taking _____________
a) External dimensions b/w plinth walls
b) Vertical dimensions b/w plinth walls
c) Internal dimensions b/w plinth walls
d) Total dimensions b/w plinth walls

Answer: c
Clarification: In architecture, a plinth (from French plinthe, from Latin plinthus, from Greek πλίνθος plinthos, “brick”) is the base or platform upon which a column, pedestal, statue, monument or structure rests. Gottfried Semper’s The Four Elements of Architecture (1851) posited that the plinth, the hearth, the roof, and the wall make up all of architectural theory. The plinth usually rests directly on the ground or stylobate. According to Semper, the plinth exists to negotiate between a structure and the ground. Semper’s theory has been influential in the development of architecture.

2. In estimated cost what is the value taken for contingencies?
a) 0.5%-2.5%
b) 3%-5%
c) 5%-6%
d) 0%

Answer: b
Clarification: The dictionary meaning of contingencies is defined as- A future event or circumstance
which is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty or a provision for a possible event or
circumstance. In engineering is said to be as an incidental expense.

3. Multiplying factor for prefix “atto” is _______
a) 10-8
b) 1018
c) 10-18
d) 108

Answer: c
Clarification: Multiplying factor for prefix “atto” is 10-18.

4. In which unit, masonary of thin partition wall is calculated?
a) sq m
b) cu m
c) sq ft
d) sq cm

Answer: a
Clarification: A partition wall is a wall that separates rooms, or divides a room. Partition walls are usually not load-bearing. Partition walls are constructed of many materials, including steel panels, bricks, blocks of clay, terra-cotta, concrete, or glass blocks.
Some partition walls are made of sheet glass. Glass partition walls are a series of individual toughened glass panels mounted in wood or metal framing. They may be suspended from or slide along a robust aluminium ceiling track. The system does not require the use of a floor guide, which allows easy operation and an uninterrupted threshold.

5. No deduction is made for?
a) Rectangular openings >1 sq ft
b) Arch masonary
c) Bed plate upto 4″depth
d) Lintels over openings

Answer: c
Clarification: The Bedplate is the foundation on which the 2 stroke engine is built. It must be rigid enough to support the weight of the rest of the engine, and maintain the crankshaft, which sits in the bearing housings in the transverse girders, in alignment.

6. Large cornice is measured in ________
a) q ft
b) g ft
c) r ft
d) t ft

Answer: c

7. For computing painting estimate for a venetian what times area is considered?
a) 2 times 1 surface area, both sides
b) 1 times 1 surface area,1 side
c) 1 times 1 surface area, for both sides
d) 3 times 1 surface area, both sides

Answer: d
Clarification: In Italy it is one of the most common and appreciated decorative plaster. We are talking about the Venetian plaster. The polished and coloured surface is a tradition since ancient Roman times, pozzolona dust is used, that is a sand of volcanic origin and it is responsible for making the surface polished and smooth, but you can also use marble dust or coloured pigments of quartz mixed with lime. History tells that this technique was improved during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries in Venice, that is the reason why it is called “Venetian”, also called Roman plaster.
The more layers of Venetian plaster are applied, the more polished and extremely refined is the wall. Obviously it also more expensive because of the labor it needs.

8. Estimation cost provided for water supply and electrification is __________
a) 4% and 6%
b) 18% and 18%
c) 08% and 08%
d) 12% and 15%

Answer: c
Clarification: Pipes must be installed to meet requirements for durability, safety and thermal performance-
• contractor responsibilities
• general installation requirements
• where to lay pipework
• access for maintenance and replacement
• preventing electric shock
• pipe insulation.

250+ TOP MCQs on Sanitary Works and Answers Online Quiz

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “Sanitary Works”.

1. __________________ is any work involved in fixing or unfixing any pipe, plumbing fixture or appliance including; any trap, waste or soil pipe, ventilation pipe, or overflow pipe and any pipe that supplies or is intended to supply water.
a) Domestic plumbing
b) Flooring
c) Sanitary plumbing
d) Plastering and putting

Answer: c
Clarification: Sanitary plumbing is any work involved in fixing or unfixing any pipe, plumbing fixture or appliance including; any trap, waste or soil pipe, ventilation pipe, or overflow pipe and any pipe that supplies or is intended to supply water.
All sanitary plumbing must comply with the Building Code and, where a building consent is required; the work must be checked by the building inspector from the building control authority in your area (your local council). A code compliance certificate cannot be issued until the work has been signed off by the building inspector.

2. __________ is the highest form of decontamination.
a) Sterilization
b) Sanitation
c) Disinfection
d) Hygiene

Answer: a
Clarification: The process of rendering an article safe to handle, by cleaning with or without disinfection or sterilization. Disinfection: The process of killing or removing pathogenic micro-organisms, except for bacterial spores and prions from inanimate objects or skin, to a level which is not harmful to health.

3. Sanitary plumbing includes the installation of appliances such as dishwashers and washing machines; the replacement or repair of taps, ball valves and plugs.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: Sanitary plumbing does not includes the installation of appliances such as dishwashers and washing machines; the replacement or repair of taps, ball valves and plugs.

4. The lowest or weakest level of decontamination is sanitation.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: The strongest level of decontamination in increasing order is: Sanitation, Antiseptic, Disinfection, Sterilization.

5. Anti-siphonage pipe is connected to _____________
a) top of P trap W.C.
b) main soil pipe
c) bottom of P trap W.C.
d) side of water closet

Answer: c
Clarification: A vent is open at top and bottom, to facilitate exit of foul gases. It is carried at least one meter higher than the roof level. Rain water pipe: it is a pipe which carries only the rain water. Anti-siphonage pipe: it is pipe which is installed in the house drainage to preserve the water seal of traps.

6. The trap which is provided to disconnect the house drain from the street sewer is called __________
a) interceptor chamber
b) intercepting trap
c) interception manhole
d) interceptor chamber, manhole and trap

Answer: d
Clarification: A large sewer that receives flow from a number of trunk sewers and transports the flow to the wastewater treatment plant. These sewers do not connect to homes, buildings or street.

7. The diameter of a domestic sewer pipe laid at gradient 1 in 100 is recommended ________
a) 100 mm
b) 150 mm
c) 210 mm
d) 400 mm

Answer: b
Clarification: A sanitary sewer or “foul sewer” is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings through pipes to treatment facilities or disposal. Sanitary sewers are part of an overall system called a sewage system or sewerage.
Sewage may be treated to control water pollution before discharge to surface waters. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas also carry industrial wastewater.

250+ TOP MCQs on General Specifications and Answers

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “General Specifications”.

1. Specifications are of two types- General specification or brief specification and __________________
a) Short specification
b) General specification
c) Detailed specification
d) Brief specification
Answer: c
Clarification: The detailed specification of an item of work specifies the qualities and quantities of materials, the proportion of mortar, workmanship, the method of preparation and the execution and the method of measurement. The detailed specification of different items of work are prepared separately and describe what the works should be and how they shall be executed and constructed.

2. For first class building D.P.C. shall be __________ thick cement concrete 1:1 1/2:3.
a) 10.5 cm
b) 2.5 cm
c) 5.5 cm
d) 0.5 cm
Answer: b
Clarification: D.P.C. shall be 2.5 cm (1”) thick cement concrete 1:1 1/2:3, mixed with one kg of impermo per bag of cement or other standard water proofing materials as specified and painted with two coats of bitumen.

3. For First class building drawing room and dining room floors shall be of __________
a) Concrete
b) Tiles
c) Mosaic
d) Wooden
Answer: c
Clarification: Floors of bedrooms shall be coloured and polished of 2.5 cm(1”) cement concrete over 7.5 cm(3”) lime concrete. Floors of others shall be of 2.5 cm (1”) cement concrete over 7.5 cm(3”) lime concrete polished.

4. For first class building chaukhats shall be of seasoned ____________
a) Sesame wood
b) Saal wood
c) Teak wood
d) Arjun wood
Answer: c
Clarification: Shutters shall be teak wood 4.3 cm thick panelled glazed or partly panelled and partly glazed as required, with additional wire gauge shutters. All fittings shall be of brass. Doors and windows shall be varnished or painted two coats with high class enamel paint over one coat of priming.

5. For fourth class building roofing shall be of __________ over bamboo and wooden supports.
a) Mud roof
b) Tile roof
c) Wooden roof
d) Bamboo roof
Answer: b
Clarification: Roof tiles are designed mainly to keep out rain, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as terracotta or slate. Modern materials such as concrete and plastic are also used and some clay tiles have a waterproof glaze. Roof tiles are ‘hung’ from the framework of a roof by fixing them with nails.

6. For 2nd class building rain water pipes shall be of ______________ finished painted.
a) Cast iron
b) Bog iron
c) Brown ore
d) Pyrite
Answer: a
Clarification: Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2%.[1] Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its colour when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impurities which allow cracks to pass straight through, grey cast iron has graphite flakes which deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, and ductile cast iron has spherical graphite “nodules” which stop the crack from further progressing.

7. Foundation and plinth shall be of ______________ brickwork with lime mortar over lime concrete.
a) 2nd class
b) 3rd class
c) 1st class
d) 4th class
Answer: c
Clarification: Characteristics of first class brick-
– All bricks should be of first class of standard specifications.
– Bricks should be made of good earth completely burnt.
– Bricks should be of deep cherry red or copper colour.
– Bricks should be regular in shape.
– Edges of bricks should be sharp.
– On being struck, bricks should emit clear ringing sound.
– Bricks should be free from cracks, chips, flaws and lumps of any kind.
– Bricks should not absorb water more than one sixth of its weight after one hour of immersing in water.

8. Specification does not specify or describes the nature and the class off the work, materials to be used in the work, workmanship, etc.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: Specification specifies or describes the nature and the class off the work, materials to be used in the work, workmanship, etc., and is very important for the execution of the work. The cost of a work depends much on the specifications.

9. The specifications are written in a language so that they indicate what the work should be and words “shall be” or “should be” are used.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The General Specification for Civil Engineering Works lays down the quality of materials, the standards of workmanship, the testing methods and the acceptance criteria for civil engineering works undertaken for the government for a particular Region. Where necessary, this General Specification should be supplemented by a particular specification.

10. General specification gives the nature and the class of the work and the materials in general terms.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: It is a short description of different parts of the work specifying materials, proportion, qualities, etc. General specification give general idea of the whole work or structure and are useful for preparing the estimate.

11. For first class building the foundation and plinth shall be of 1st class brickwork in lime mortar or 1:2 cement mortar over lime concrete or 1:6:7 cement concrete.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Foundation and plinth shall be of 1st class brickwork in lime mortar or 1:6 cement mortar over lime concrete or 1:4:8 cement concrete.

12. For first class building roof shall be of R.C.C. slab.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Roof shall be of R.C.C. slab with an insulation layer and lime concrete terracing above, supported over R.S. Joists or R.C.C. beams as required. Height of rooms shall not be less than 3.7 m (12 feet).

13. For 2nd class building superstructure shall be of 1st class brickwork in lime mortar.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: For 2nd class building superstructure shall be of 2nd class brickwork in lime mortar. Lintels over doors and windows shall be of R.B.

14. For third class building flooring shall be of brick-on-edge floor over well rammed earth.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Rammed earth is simple to manufacture, non-combustible, thermally massive, strong, and durable. However, structures such as walls can be laborious to construct of rammed earth without machinery, e. g., powered tampers, and they are susceptible to water damage if inadequately protected or maintained.

15. For fourth class building the doors and windows shall be of _________ wood or country wood.
a) Sal
b) Neem
c) Teak
d) Mango
Answer: d
Clarification: Technically mango is a hardwood with dense grains, so it has the strength to bear the weight necessary for chairs and heavy tables, but it’s still soft enough that it’s relatively easy to work with, requiring no special tools on behalf of the manufacturers. Mango furniture can stand the wear and tear of time as well as your grandmother’s oak kitchen table, but, unlike traditional hardwood furniture, it’s more affordable and, as we’ll get into, completely sustainable.

250+ TOP MCQs on Structural Designing and Thumb Rules and Answers

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “Structural Designing and Thumb Rules”.

1. The maximum area of tension reinforcement in beams shall not exceed?
a) 1.5%
b) 4%
c) 7%
d) 0.5%
Answer: b
Clarification: If tensile reinforcement of beam should exceed 4% of total gross area then some crack will be developed in concrete.

2. The diameter of longitudinal bars of a column should never be less than?
a) 12 mm
b) 6 mm
c) 10 mm
d) 8 mm
Answer: a
Clarification: Minimum diameter of longitudinal bar in RCC column shall not be less than 12mm (IS456:2000, cl 26.5.3.1 d). Indian standards specify 12mm as the least diameter of a vertical bar and 5mm as the least diameter of lateral bar or stirrup.

3. The number of treads in a flight is equal to _________
a) risers in the flight
b) risers plus one
c) risers minus one
d) risers plus three
Answer: c
Clarification: It is often not simply the sum of the individual tread lengths due to the nosing overlapping between treads. If there are N steps, the total run equals N-1 times the going: the tread of the last step is part of a landing and is not counted.

4. A foundation rests on __________
a) base of the foundation
b) foundation soil
c) subgrade
d) foundation soil and subgrade
Answer: d
Clarification: A foundation (or, more commonly, base) is the element of an architectural structure which connects it to the ground, and transfers loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep. Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics (Geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundation elements of structures.

5. For initial estimate for a beam design, the width is assumed?
a) 1/10th of span
b) 1/30th of span
c) 1/15th of span
d) 1/5th of span
Answer: b
Clarification: Design codes prescribe beam width limitations to minimise the shear lag effect on the formation of full-width plastic hinges and achieving the expected capacity. However, owing to insufficient experimental and analytical studies, empirical design formulas for the beam width limitation, with remarkably different results, have been implemented in different design codes. In this paper, parametric studies of the influence of key parameters on the behaviour of wide beam–column connections are conducted based on available test results. An effective beam-width model is analytically developed using the equivalent-frame representation, where the effects of torsion of transverse beams and flexure around the joint core are considered. The validity of the model is verified using flexural strengths of test specimens, covering a wide range of design parameters.

6. Design of R.C.C. simply supported beams carrying U.D.L. is based on the resultant B.M. at ____________
a) mid span
b) supports
c) every section
d) quarter span
Answer: a
Clarification: Since BM is maximum at midspan, design should be done for maximum bending moment so that it will take care for other section. Moment formula we are using is (wl2/8) which mid span moment.

7. High strength concrete is used in prestressed member?
a) To ovecome bursting stresses at the ends
b) To provide high bond stresses
c) To overcome cracks due to shrinkage
d) To overcome bursting stresses, provide high bond stresses and overcome cracks
Answer: d
Clarification: The primary difference between high-strength concrete and normal-strength concrete relates to the compressive strength that refers to the maximum resistance of a concrete sample to applied pressure. Although there is no precise point of separation between high-strength concrete and normal-strength concrete, the American Concrete Institute defines high-strength concrete as concrete with a compressive strength greater than 6,000 psi.

8. The advantage of reinforced concrete is due to ___________
a) monolithic character
b) moulding in any desired shape
c) fire-resisting and durability
d) monolithic character, moulding any shape and fire-resisting
Answer: d
Clarification: Reinforced concrete (RC) is a composite material in which concrete’s relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets. Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or alternate composite material in conjunction with rebar or not. Reinforced concrete may also be permanently stressed (in tension), so as to improve the behaviour of the final structure under working loads.

9. Cracking of the concrete section is nearly impossible to prevent.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: However, the size and location of cracks can be limited and controlled by appropriate reinforcement, control joints, curing methodology and concrete mix design. Cracking can allow moisture to penetrate and corrode the reinforcement. This is a serviceability failure in limit state design. Cracking is normally the result of an inadequate quantity of rebar, or rebar spaced at too great a distance. The concrete then cracks either under excess loading, or due to internal effects such as early thermal shrinkage while it cures.
Ultimate failure leading to collapse can be caused by crushing the concrete, which occurs when compressive stresses exceed its strength, by yielding or failure of the rebar when bending or shear stresses exceed the strength of the reinforcement, or by bond failure between the concrete and the rebar.

10. The architect is usually the lead designer on buildings, with a structural engineer employed as a sub-consultant.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: The degree to which each discipline actually leads the design depends heavily on the type of structure. Many structures are structurally simple and led by architecture, such as multi-storey office buildings and housing, while other structures, such as tensile structures, shells and gridshells are heavily dependent on their form for their strength, and the engineer may have a more significant influence on the form, and hence much of the aesthetic, than the architect.