Category: Civil Engineering Drawing Objective Questions

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “Earthwork and Estimation”.

1. ___________ is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.
a) Cultivation
b) Plantation
c) Watering
d) Irrigation
Answer: d
Clarification: Irrigation helps grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Irrigation also has other uses in crop production, including frost protection, suppressing weed growth in grain fields and preventing soil. In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rain-fed or dry land farming.

2. Name the type of irrigation, which is the oldest form of irrigation and has been in use for thousands of years.
a) Sub-surface irrigation
b) Surface irrigation
c) Canal irrigation
d) Rainwater irrigation
Answer: b
Clarification: In surface (furrow, flood, or level basin) irrigation systems, water moves across the surface of an agricultural lands, in an order to wet it and infiltrate into the soil. Surface irrigation can be subdivided into furrow, borderstrip or basin irrigation. It is often called flood irrigation when the irrigation results in flooding or near flooding of the cultivated land.

3. ____________ sometimes also called as localized irrigation, low volume irrigation, or trickle irrigation.
a) Macro-irrigation
b) Surface irrigation
c) Micro-irrigation
d) Farrow irrigation
Answer: c
Clarification: It is a system where water is distributed under low pressure through a piped network, in a pre-determined pattern, and applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it. Traditional drip irrigation using individual emitters, subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), micro-spray or micro-sprinkler irrigation, and mini-bubbler irrigation all belong to this category of irrigation methods.

4. Name the system, where water falls drop by drop just at the position of roots and water is delivered at or near the root zone of plants, drop by drop.
a) Pipe irrigation
b) Drop irrigation
c) Drip irrigation
d) Sprinkler
Answer: c
Clarification: This method can be the most water-efficient method of irrigation, if managed properly, evaporation and runoff are minimized. The field water efficiency of drip irrigation is typically in the range of 80 to 90 percent when managed correctly.

5. ___________ is the injection of fertilizers, soil amendments, and other water-soluble products into an irrigation system.
a) Fertilization
b) Hybridization
c) Fertigation
d) Modification
Answer: c
Clarification: The two terms are sometimes used interchangeably however chemigation is generally a more controlled and regulated process due to the nature of the chemicals used. Chemigation often involves pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, some of which pose health threat to humans, animals, and the environment.

6. In __________ irrigation, water is piped to one or more central locations within the field and distributed by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or guns.
a) sprinkler
b) drip
c) shallow
d) rotary
Answer: a
Clarification: A system utilizing sprinklers, sprays, or guns mounted overhead on permanently installed risers is often referred to as a solid-set irrigation system. Higher pressure sprinklers that rotate are called rotors and are driven by a ball drive, gear drive, or impact mechanism. Rotors can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle.

7. Subirrigation has been used for many years in field crops in areas with high water tables.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: It is a method of artificially raising the water table to allow the soil to be moistened from below the plants’ root zone. Often those systems are located on permanent grasslands in lowlands or river valleys and combined with drainage infrastructure. A system of pumping stations, canals, weirs and gates allows it to increase or decrease the water level in a network of ditches and thereby control the water table.

8. Subsurface Textile Irrigation (SSTI) is a technology designed specifically for subirrigation in only desert sands and heavy clays.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Subsurface Textile Irrigation (SSTI) is a technology designed specifically for subirrigation in all soil textures from desert sands to heavy clays. A typical subsurface textile irrigation system has an impermeable base layer (usually polyethylene or polypropylene), a drip line running along that base, a layer of geotextile on top of the drip line and, finally, a narrow impermeable layer on top of the geotextile.

9. Around 30% of wastewater produced globally remains untreated, causing widespread water pollution.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Around 90% of wastewater produced globally remains untreated, causing widespread water pollution. Increasingly, agriculture uses untreated wastewater as a source of irrigation water. Cities provide lucrative markets for fresh produce, so are attractive to farmers.

10. Water use efficiency in the field can be determined as follows:
Field Water Efficiency (%) = (Water Transpired by Crop x Water Applied to Field) % 100.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: Field Water Efficiency (%) = (Water Transpired by Crop %Water Applied to Field) x 100.

11. Irrigation with saline or high-sodium water may improve the soil structure owing to the formation of fertile soil.
a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Clarification: Irrigation with saline or high-sodium water may damage soil structure owing to the formation of alkaline soil.

12. What does IWMI stand for?
a) International Water Management Institute
b) International Weather Management Institute
c) Irrigation Water Management Institute
d) International Waste Management Institute
Answer: a
Clarification: The International Water Management Institute IWMI is a non-profit research organisation with headquarters in Colombo, Sri Lanka, and offices across Africa and Asia. Research at the Institute on improving how water and land resources are managed, with the aim of underpinning food security and reducing poverty while safeguarding vital environmental processes.

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “Steel and Iron Work – 1”.

1. There are many types of heat treating processes available to steel. The most common are ____________ quenching, and tempering.
a) dealing
b) healing
c) annealing
d) milling
Answer: c
Clarification: Annealing is the process of heating the steel to a sufficiently high temperature to relieve local internal stresses. It does not create a general softening of the product but only locally relieves strains and stresses locked up within the material. Annealing goes through three phases: recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth. The temperature required to anneal a particular steel depends on the type of annealing to be achieved and the alloying constituents.

2. ____________ is any weapon, artwork, utensil or architectural feature made of iron especially used for decoration.
a) Ironwork
b) Design work
c) Mason work
d) Makeup work
Answer: a
Clarification: There are two main types of ironwork: wrought iron and cast iron. While the use of iron dates as far back as 4000BC, it was the Hittites who first knew how to extract it and develop weapons. Use of iron was mainly utilitarian until the Middle Ages, it became widely used for decoration in the period between the 16th and 19th century.

3. Wrought ironwork is forged by a blacksmith using an __________
a) hammer
b) sponger
c) rafter
d) anvil
Answer: d
Clarification: Anvils are as massive as they are practical, because the higher their inertia, the more efficiently they cause the energy of striking tools to be transferred to the work piece. On a quality anvil, the smith’s hammer should rebound with almost as much energy as the smith puts into the downward stroke, ultimately making the smith’s job easier and less physically strenuous.

4. The figure shown below represents which instrument?

a) Hammer base
b) Knife cutter
c) Hammer striker
d) Anvil
Answer: d
Clarification: The primary work surface of the anvil is known as the face. It is generally made of hardened steel and should be flat and smooth with rounded edges for most work. Any marks on the face will be transferred to the work. Also, sharp edges tend to cut into the metal being worked and may cause cracks to form in the workpiece. The face is hardened and tempered to resist the blows of the smith’s hammer, so the anvil face does not deform under repeated use. A hard anvil face also reduces the amount of force lost in each hammer blow. Hammers, tools, and work pieces of hardened steel should never directly strike the anvil face with full force, as they may damage it; this can result in chipping or deforming of the anvil face.

5. To inhibit corrosion, at least 11% chromium is added to steel so that a hard oxide forms on the metal surface; this is known as _________________
a) ironless steel
b) cast iron
c) hard iron
d) stainless steel
Answer: d
Clarification: Stainless steels are notable for their corrosion resistance, which increases with increasing chromium content. Molybdenum additions increase corrosion resistance in reducing acids and against pitting attack in chloride solutions. Thus, there are numerous grades of stainless steel with varying chromium and molybdenum contents to suit the environment the alloy must endure.

6. Which type of iron is presented by the following diagram?

a) Iron (II) oxide
b) Iron (I) oxide
c) Iron (III) oxide
d) Iron oxide
Answer: d
Clarification: Iron (III) oxide or ferric oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Fe₂O₃. It is one of the three main oxides of iron, the other two being iron (II) oxide (FeO), which is rare, and iron (II, III) oxide (Fe₃O₄), which also occurs naturally as the mineral magnetite. As the mineral known as hematite, Fe₂O₃ is the main source of iron for the steel industry.

7. The carbon in typical steel alloys may contribute up to ___________ of its weight.
a) 9.14%
b) 71.14%
c) 2.14%
d) 25.14%
Answer: c
Clarification: Varying the amount of carbon and many other alloying elements, as well as controlling their chemical and physical makeup in the final steel (either as solute elements, or as precipitated phases), slows the movement of those dislocations that make pure iron ductile, and thus controls and enhances its qualities.

8. Plain carbon-iron alloys with a higher than 2.1% carbon content are known as _____________
a) coke iron
b) wrought iron
c) cast iron
d) pig iron
Answer: c
Clarification: With modern steelmaking techniques such as powder metal forming, it is possible to make very high-carbon (and other alloy material) steels, but such are not common. Cast iron is not malleable even when hot, but it can be formed by casting as it has a lower melting point than steel and good cast ability properties. Certain compositions of cast iron, while retaining the economies of melting and casting, can be heat treated after casting to make malleable iron or ductile iron objects.

9. What is the raw material which is not needed for steel production?
a) Paint
b) Ferro alloys
c) Water
d) Refractories
Answer: a
Clarification: Steel is made when iron is combined with carbon and other elements like-
• Water
• Flux (Limestone and Dolomite)
• Refractories
• Silica or Sand
• Water
• Ferro alloys.

10. Which is not a type of steel?
a) Low-speed Steel
b) Carbide Steel
c) Cobalt Steel
d) Stainless Steel
Answer: a
Clarification: Types of steel are-
• Stainless Steel
• Carbide Steel
• Carbon Steel
• High-speed Steel
• Cobalt Steel.

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “Arrangements of Rooms, Position and Purposes”.

1. ______________ is the term used to describe the amount of useful sunshine striking glass in the living spaces of a home.
a) Solar lightning
b) Solar access
c) Ventilation
d) Radiation
Answer: b
Clarification: First, establish true or solar north for your region. This is useful in all climates whether you are encouraging or excluding solar access. Just use maps and street directories, or use a compass to establish magnetic north and then find true or solar north by adding or subtracting the ‘magnetic variation’ for your area using the map below.

2. Bedrooms located under a sloping roof must necessarily be low and hot.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Some bedrooms so located have been stuffy does not argue that all bedrooms need to be so; it implies rather that there has been no cross-ventilation or that the windows were placed so low as to leave a pocket of hot air confined near the ceiling.

3. Which is not a phase of daily life among the following?
a) Sleep
b) Play
c) Work
d) Rest
Answer: a
Clarification: The living-rooms forming one group, the working parts another, and the sleeping-rooms another. Each of these space groups is distinct in use, in the arrangement, and in the character of its furnishings.

4. The hall may, therefore, be considered as the kernel of the plan.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Communication between these parts is provided by means of hall and stairs; in fact the starting point of any plan is a study of its circulation or passage. The hall may, therefore, be considered as the kernel of the plan, the distributing centre of space.

5. In general the living-rooms in temperate climates should occupy westerly exposures.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: In general the living-rooms in temperate climates should occupy southerly exposures-south, southeast, and south-west-unless such an arrangement is contradicted by the direction of the view, prevailing winds, or other conditions of the site. An east dining-room is especially to be desired since the morning sun on the breakfast table starts the day off cheerily. Living-rooms southerly and working parts northerly make a good complementary arrangement for using to advantage the four exposures of a free-standing house.

6. Each room must be entered directly from a hall, not from another room.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In a two-story house the privacy of the sleeping-rooms is automatically assured by placing them on the second floor. In a one-story arrangement a small bedroom-hall must be deliberately provided in addition to the entrance-hall.

7. Radiant cooling to clear night skies is also effective but difficult to achieve. Clear night skies provide a limitless source of radiant cooling for areas and surfaces that can be exposed to it.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Outdoor living areas and sleep-outs are the most effective but large openings with exposure to night skies are also able to shed heat. Design and orientation of glazing for passive solar heating require unobstructed sky exposure and this can be very useful for radiant summer cooling.

8. The best placing of the farmhouse depends on the location of the barns and other outbuildings.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Clarification: The relation of these buildings to one another and to such considerations as sunlight, view, roadways, and garden should be carefully studied. Obviously, a general farm scheme that unites into one workable system lands, barns, and dwelling is the wisest beginning for the development of any property. Each improvement will then take its place in the final scheme, and permanent economy will result.

9. A farmhouse is more difficult to plan than either a city or a suburban dwelling because it must provide for so many needs.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The city or the suburban house is merely a home; it is supplemented by an outside place of business and by outside markets. The farmhouse, on the other hand, must be not only a home, but also the business centre and to a limited extent the store and the market. This means that, planned as compactly as may be, a farmhouse is necessarily larger in floor area than a suburban house for the same family need be.

10. The presence of five, six, or seven doors in a room indicates good hall-planning.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: It is well to remember that the number of doors in a room diminishes in proportion to the excellence of the plan.

11. The use of brick is about the only reason for introducing a red colour scheme.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Brick walls are broken in mass by jointing and relieved by contrast at the openings, whereas a wooden house painted red is distressing. When field stone, concrete, cement, or brick is used, the colour scheme is spontaneous, being produced by the colour of the materials selected; when wood is employed, however, a surface colour effect is applied by means of stain or paint.

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “Mixed Masonry”.

1. __________ is a workable paste used to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units.
a) Lime
b) Cement
c) Mortar
d) Concrete

Answer: c
Clarification: Mortar is a workable paste used to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units together, fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, and sometimes add decorative colours or patterns in masonry walls. In its broadest sense mortar includes pitch, asphalt, and soft mud or clay, such as used between mud bricks. Mortar comes from Latin mortarium meaning crushed.

2. __________ is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and any combination of different kinds of soil (loam, silt, and clay).
a) Mud
b) Concrete
c) Mortar
d) Paint

Answer: a
Clarification: Mud is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and any combination of different kinds of soil (loam, silt, and clay). It usually forms after rainfall or near water sources. Ancient mud deposits harden over geological time to form sedimentary rock such as shale or mudstone (generally called lutites). When geological deposits of mud are formed in estuaries the resultant layers are termed bay muds.

3. __________ is composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water.
a) Lime mortar
b) Concrete
c) Cement
d) Gypsum

Answer: a
Clarification: Lime mortar today is primarily used in the conservation of buildings originally built using lime mortar, but may be used as an alternative to ordinary portland cement. It is made principally of lime (hydraulic, or non hydraulic), water and an aggregate such as sand.

6. _____________covers the entire wall with thin liquid plaster, uses a great deal of water and is applied very wet.
a) Lime plastering
b) Heat resistant plastering
c) Veneer plastering
d) Gypsum plastering

Answer: c
Clarification: Veneer plastering covers the entire wall with thin liquid plaster, uses a great deal of water and is applied very wet. The walls intended to be plastered are hanged with “Blueboard” (named as such for the industry standard of the outer paper being blue-grey in color). This type of sheet rock is designed to absorb some of the moisture of the plaster and thus allow it to cling the plaster better before it sets.
Veneer plastering is a one-shot one-coat application; taping usually requires sanding and then adding another coat, since the compound shrinks as it dries.

7. The most common type of ceiling is the___________ which is suspended from structural elements above.
a) parabolic ceiling
b) curved ceiling
c) dropped ceiling
d) arched ceiling

Answer: c
Clarification: The most common ceiling that contributes to fire-resistance ratings in commercial and residential construction is the dropped ceiling. In the case of a dropped ceiling, the rating is achieved by the entire system, which is both the structure above, from which the ceilings is suspended, which could be a concrete floor or a timber floor, as well as the suspension mechanism and, finally the lowest membrane or dropped ceiling. Between the structure that the dropped ceiling is suspended from and the dropped membrane, such as a T-bar ceiling or a layer of drywall, there is often some room for mechanical and electrical piping, wiring and ducting to run.

8. The term ___________ in construction is applied to the finishing of mortar joints in masonry (stone or brick). In exposed masonry, these are considered to be the weakest part.
a) painting
b) deteriorating
c) pointing
d) finishing

Answer: c
Clarification: The term Pointing in construction is applied to the finishing of mortar joints in masonry (stone or brick). In exposed masonry, joints are considered to be the weakest and most vulnerable spots from which rain water or dampness can enter. Pointing means implementing the joints to a depth of 10 to 20mm and filling it with better quality mortar in desired shape.

Civil Engineering Drawing Multiple Choice Questions on “Different Types Of Estimates”.

1. To make out an estimate for a work the following data are necessary-Drawing, Specification and ___________
a) materials
b) rates
c) labours
d) transportation

Answer: b
Clarification: The rates per unit of various items of work, the rates of various materials to be used in the construction, and the wages of different category of labour, skilled or unskilled as mason, carpenter, mazdoor, bhishti etc. available for preparing estimate.

2. _________________ is required for preliminary studies of various aspects of a work or project.
a) Supplementary Estimate
b) Plinth Area Estimate
c) Revised Estimate
d) Abstract Estimate

Answer: d
Clarification: to decide the financial position and policy for administrative sanction by the competent administrative authority. In case of commercial projects as irrigation projects as irrigation projects, residential building projects and similar projects which earn revenue income, the probable income may be worked out.

3. Approximate cost of a hostel building for 100 students @Rs.10000/- per student works out as Rs. 10 lakhs.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: Approx. cost of a bed hospital @ Rs.50000/- per bed comes to Rs.50 lakhs.
Approx. cost of a barrack of 10 bays @10000/- per bay comes to Rs.1 lakh.

4. Per kilometre basis depending on the nature of road, for 10 km of a state highway approx. cost @ Rs. 50000/- per 1 km works out as Rs. 5 lakh.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: Per kilometre basis depending on the nature of road, for 10 km of a state highway approx. cost @ Rs. 500000/- per 1 km works out as Rs. 50 lakh.

5. The approx. cost of 10 km length of irrigation channel of 3 cu m per sec. capacity @ Rs.70000/- per km works out as Rs.7 lakh.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: For an irrigation project having a commanded area 2000 hectares, approx. cost @ Rs.1000/- per hectare comes to Rs.20 lakhs.

6. Approx. cost of a bridge of 3 spans of 50 m each span @Rs.30000/- per running m of span comes to 3*50*30000 = Rs. 45 lakhs.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: Per running metre of span depending on the roadway, nature and depth of foundation, type of structure, etc. For small culverts approx. cost may also be per number of culverts of different spans.

7. Approximate cost of sewerage project for a population of one [email protected] Rs. 10/- head works out as Rs. 10 lakh.
a) True
b) False

8. Cube rate estimate is less accurate as compared to the plinth area estimate as the height of the building is also compared.
a) False
b) True

Answer: b
Clarification: Cube rate estimate is most accurate as compared to the plinth area estimate as the height of the building is also compared.

9. For storeyed building plinth area estimate is not prepared for each storey separately.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: For storeyed building plinth area estimate is prepared for each storey separately.

10. __________ is prepared on the basis of plinth area of building, the rate being deducted from the cost of similar building having similar specification, heights and construction, in the locality.
a) Cube Rate Estimate
b) Supplementary Estimate
c) Maintenance Estimate
d) Plinth Area Estimate

Answer: d
Clarification: Plinth area estimate is calculated by finding the plinth area of the building and multiplying by the plinth area rate. The plinth area should be calculated for the covered area by taking external dimension of the building at the floor level.

11. ________________ is the amount provided in the estimate and bill of quantities for some specialised work to be done by a specialised firm; whose details are not known at the time of preparing estimate.
a) Prime cost
b) Provisional sum
c) Capital cost
d) Building cost index

Answer: b
Clarification: The work like installation of refrigerating machine; installation of lift, air conditioning, etc., for which full information and details may not be known at the time of preparing estimate and entering into contract and are require to be installed by a specialised firm, a sum.

12. In this method approx. total length of walls is found in running metre and this total length multiplied by the rate per running metre of wall gives a fairly accurate cost.
a) Annual repair
b) Item rate estimate
c) Approximate quantity method estimate
d) Cubical content estimate

Answer: c
Clarification: For this method the structure may be divided into two parts viz. Foundation including plinth and Superstructure.

13. _______________ estimate is a detailed estimate and is prepared to maintain the structure or work in proper order and safe condition.
a) Supplementary and revised estimate
b) Maintenance estimate
c) Item rate estimate
d) Revised estimate

Answer: b
Clarification: For building; this includes white washing, colour washing, painting, minor repairs etc. For road works the A.R. estimate provides for patch repairing, renewals, repair of culverts, etc.

14. A large work or project may consists of several building or small works and each of these work is known as ___________
a) sub-work
b) sub-project
c) sub-head
d) sub-construction

Answer: a
Clarification: Detailed estimate of each sub-work is prepared separately and accounts of expenditure are kept sub-work wise.

15. The term ______________ is used to denote a procedure of costing or valuing an item of work on the basis of actual labourers and materials required.
a) prime cost
b) hour-work
c) day-work
d) sub-work

Answer: c
Clarification: Certain items of work which cannot be measured as- a design in the plaster work, front architectural finish of a building, work under water, etc. are valued and paid by ‘day work’. In such cases the schedule of rates of materials and different classes of labourers likely to be engaged in th work should be included in the tender and in contract agreement.