Category: Class 11 Biology Objective Questions

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Mechanism of Breathing-1”.

1. Which instrument is used for measuring volume of air involved in breathing?
a) Spirometer
b) Galvanometer
c) Aerometer
d) Electrocardiogram
Answer: a
Clarification: The volume of air involved in breathing movements can be estimated by using a spirometer which helps in clinical assessment of pulmonary functions. It measures the amount of air inspired or expired by an individual.

2. Which of the following is passive process?
a) Inspiration
b) Normal expiration
c) Forceful inspiration
d) Forceful expiration
Answer: b
Clarification: Normal expiration is a passive process as during expiration, contraction (in any muscle) does not take place. Thus, there is no expenditure of energy. Relaxation in diaphgram and external intercoastal muscles is found.

3. At the time of inspiration, _________ takes place.
a) relaxation in external intercostal muscle
b) relaxation in diaphragm
c) contraction in diaphragm
d) no effect on diaphragm
Answer: c
Clarification: Inspiration is an active process in which muscle contraction do take place. At the time of inspiration, contraction in diaphragm and external intercostal muscles takes place.

4. Inspiration occurs when there is ___________
a) no pressure gradient
b) negative pressure in the lungs
c) positive pressure in the lungs
d) more pressure in lungs than atmosphere
Answer: b
Clarification: Inspiration can occur if the pressure within the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure. So, there is a negative pressure in the lungs than the atmospheric pressure.

5. The amount of air inspired or expired during normal breathing is_________ ml.
a) 500
b) 500-1000
c) 1000-1100
d) 2100
Answer: a
Clarification: Tidal volume is the amount of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. Its value for man is 500ml, out of which 150ml is dead space volume which remains in the respiratory tract.

6. Which muscles can help in increasing the strength of breathing?
a) Arm muscle
b) Chest muscles
c) Abdominal muscles
d) Facial muscle
Answer: c
Clarification: We have the ability to increase the strength of inspiration and expiration with the help of additional muscles called abdominal muscles. This is called as forceful breathing.

7. Vital capacity = ________
a) ERV + RV
b) IRV + TV
c) IRV + TV + ERV + RV
d) IRV + ERV + TV
Answer: d
Clarification: Vital capacity is the amount of air that can be expired by most forceful expiration after a deepest inspiration. Inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume and tidal volume are included in it.

8. Which one of the following changes takes place during inspiration?
a) Decrease in thoracic cavity
b) Relaxation in diaphragm
c) Relaxation in external intercostal muscles
d) Sternum moves towards ventral and anterior direction
Answer: d
Clarification: During inspiration, thoracic volume increases. Sternum moves towards ventral and anterior direction, diaphragm contracts, ribs move towards outside and ventral side.

9. Decrease in thoracic volume is marked by________
a) diaphragm relaxed
b) diaphragm contracted
c) sternum moving towards ventral and anterior direction
d) ribs moving out
Answer: a
Clarification: Decrease in thoracic volume is necessary for expiration and is marked by relaxation in diaphragm and external intercostal muscle. Decrease in thoracic volume is necessary in order to build more pressure than atmospheric pressure.

10. Time taken in breathing _______
a) inspiration 2 sec and expiration 3 sec
b) inspiration 3 sec and expiration 3 sec
c) inspiration 2 sec and expiration 2 sec
d) inspiration 3 sec and expiration 2 sec
Answer: a
Clarification: Inspiration takes about 2 second and expiration takes about 3 second in normal condition and process. On an average an adult human breathes for about 16 times in a minute.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Urine Formation – 1”.

1. Which of the following is not a process of urine formation?
a) Glomerular filtration
b) Reabsorption
c) Secretion
d) Excretion
Answer: d
Clarification: Urine formation involves three main processes namely, glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, that take place in different parts of the nephron.

2. Which of the following is the first step towards urine formation?
a) Glomerular filtration
b) Ultrafiltration
c) Secretion
d) Reabsorption
Answer: a
Clarification: The first step in the urine formation is the filtration of blood, which is carried out by the glomerulus and is therefore known as glomerular filtration.

3. On average, how much volume of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute?
a) 100-150 ml
b) 500 ml
c) 1100-1200 ml
d) 5000 ml
Answer: c
Clarification: On average, our kidneys filter 1100-1200 ml of blood every minute. This blood that is filtered per minute constitutes for about 1/5^th of the total blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in a minute. Therefore, we can say that the whole blood of our body gets filtered in approximately 5 minutes.

4. How many layers of glomerular epithelium are involved in the filtration of blood?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c
Clarification: Three layers of the glomerular epithelium of the Malpighian corpuscle are involved in the filtration of the blood. These layers include the endothelium of glomerular blood vessels, the epithelium of Bowman’s capsule and a basement membrane between these two layers.

5. Podocytes are present in the epithelial lining of PCT.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: No, the podocytes are not present in the epithelial lining of PCT. Instead, the epithelial cells of the Bowman’s capsule are called podocytes. These cells are arranged very closed to each other but some minute spaces are left between these cells for the filtration to take place.

6. Which of the following are not passed on to the lumen of Bowman’s capsule during glomerular filtration?
a) Fat molecules
b) Glucose
c) Water
d) Proteins
Answer: d
Clarification: Proteins are not passed on to the lumen of Bowman’s capsule during glomerular filtration because the blood is filtered so finely through the podocytes of the Bowman’s capsule that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the proteins pass onto the lumen of Bowman’s capsule. This process of filtration of blood is known as ultra-filtration.

7. What is the percentage of cortical nephrons concerning the total nephrons present in the kidneys?
a) 75-80%
b) 50%
c) 15-20%
d) 95%
Answer: a
Clarification: Cortical nephrons constitute for about 75-80% of the total nephrons present in the kidneys. These nephrons have reduced Henle’s loop and vasa recta. Sometimes both of them may be absent.

8. Which of the following type of nephrons are prominently present in the desert mammals?
a) Cortical nephrons
b) No nephrons are present
c) Medullary nephrons
d) Juxta-medullary nephrons
Answer: d
Clarification: In desert mammals, juxtamedullary nephrons are present because they have a very long loop of Henle which helps in the reabsorption of water as more as possible.

9. What is the full form of GFR?
a) Glomerulus filtering unit
b) Glomerular filtration rate
c) Globulin fast rate
d) Globulin filtering rate
Answer: b
Clarification: GFR stands for the Glomerular filtration rate. It is the amount of the filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute. It plays an important role in determining the health status of the kidneys.

10. In approximately how many minutes, the whole blood of the body is filtered through the kidneys?
a) 10 minutes
b) 7 minutes
c) 4-5 minutes
d) 2 minutes
Answer: c
Clarification: As we know that our kidney filters approximately 1100-1200 ml of the blood per minute and our cardiac output is 5 times this volume, therefore our kidneys take approximately 4-5 minutes to filter the whole blood of the body.

11. Which of the following pair of amino acids are removed by the ornithine cycle?
a) CO₂ and H₂O
b) H₂O and O₂
c) CO₂ and urea
d) Ammonia and CO₂
Answer: d
Clarification: CO₂ and ammonia are a pair of waste substances removed from the blood during the ornithine cycle. The most abundant, harmful, and universal waste product of metabolism is CO₂.

12. Urea formation takes place in the adipocytes.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Urea formation takes place in the hepatocytes of the liver. The cycle of the formation of urea is called an ornithine cycle of the urea cycle or the Krebs-Henseleit cycle.

13. What is the starting point of the ornithine cycle?
a) Ornithine amino acid
b) Citrulline amino acid
c) Arginine
d) Fumeric acid
Answer: a
Clarification: Ornithine amino acid is the starting point of the urea formation in the Krebs-Hanseleit cycle or the urea cycle. Ornithine and citrulline are the main amino acids of the urea formation.

14. How many moles of ATP are required in the formation of urea?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c
Clarification: Three moles of ATP are required in the formation of urea by the ornithine cycle. 1 ATP is utilized in the cytoplasm while 2 moles of ATP are required in the mitochondria.

15. Which of the following is the main enzyme in the ornithine cycle?
a) Arginase
b) Carbamyl phosphatase
c) Arginosuccinate
d) Urease
Answer: a
Clarification: Arginase is the main enzyme involved in the ornithine cycle which converts arginine into ornithine amino acid. The argininosuccinate enzyme is required to convert argininosuccinic acid to arginine.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Neuron-1”.

1. Which of these structures is not a part of a neuron?
a) Cell body
b) Axon
c) Dendrite
d) Glomerulus
Answer: d
Clarification: The neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The neuron or the nerve cell has three main parts-the cell body, the axon and the dendrites. Glomerulus is a part of nephron.

2. Where are Nissl’s granules present?
a) Axon
b) Dendrites
c) Cell body
d) Dendrons
Answer: c
Clarification: Nissl’s granules are present in the cell body of the neuron or nerve cell. The cell body contains the cytoplasm, in which the various cell organelles are present. Nissl’s granules are also present along with them.

3. Which of these is not characteristic of dendrites?
a) They contain Nissl’s granules
b) They branch repeatedly
c) They project out from the axon
d) They transmit impulses
Answer: c
Clarification: Dendrites are a part of the nerve cell or the neuron. They are short fibers that project out from the cell body, but not the axon. They branch repeatedly and help in the transmission of impulses.

4. What are the terminal branched ends of axons known as?
a) Synaptic knobs
b) Synaptic vesicles
c) Dendrons
d) Dendrites
Answer: a
Clarification: An axon is a part of the nerve cell or the neuron. Each axon is a long fiber that projects from the cell body. The terminal end of the axon branches out and each end terminates with a synaptic knob.

5. Where are neurotransmitters present inside the neuron?
a) Synaptic knob
b) Synaptic vesicles
c) Nissl’s granules
d) Schwan cells
Answer: b
Clarification: Neurotransmitters are the chemicals which help in the transmission of impulses from neuron to neuron and from to neuron the target tissue or cell. They are stored in the synaptic vesicles.

6. Which of these statements is not true regarding axons?
a) They carry impulses away from the cell body
b) They transmit impulses to synapses
c) They are short fibers
d) Their terminal ends are branched
Answer: c
Clarification: Axons are long fibers while dendrites are short fibers. Axons carry or transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body towards synapses. Their terminal ends are branched and end with synaptic knobs.

7. How many types are neurons classified into?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 1
d) 2
Answer: a
Clarification: Neurons or nerve cells are classified into three types based on the number of axon and dendrites. The three types of neurons are namely, multipolar neurons, unipolar neurons and bipolar neurons.

8. Where are bipolar neurons found?
a) Autonomic ganglia
b) Embryo
c) Cerebral cortex
d) Retina of eye
Answer: d
Clarification: Bipolar neurons are found in the retina of the eye. They possess one axon and one dendrite. The cerebral cortex and autonomic ganglia have multipolar neurons. Unipolar neurons are found in embryo.

9. Which of these structures is present in both non-myelinated and myelinated neurons?
a) Myelin forming Schwan cells
b) Myelin sheath
c) Nissl’s granules
d) Nodes of Ranvier
Answer: c
Clarification: Non-myelinated neurons lack myelinated axons. Hence, myelin forming Schwan cells, which surround and form myelin, are absent. Nodes of Ranvier are also absent as they are the points between two adjacent myelin sheaths.

10. Unipolar neurons lack dendrites. True or false?
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: There are three types of neurons or nerve cells. These types are multipolar neurons, unipolar neurons and bipolar neurons. Unipolar neurons lack dendrites. They have a cell body with only one axon.

11. Identify the structure shown in the diagram.

a) Synaptic knob
b) Node of Ranvier
c) Nissl’s granule
d) Schwan cell
Answer: d
Clarification: The given diagram is that of a neuron or nerve cell. The indicated structure is identified to be a Schwan cell. Schwan cells form the myelin sheath which envelops the axon and helps in the transmission of impulses.

12. Identify the structure shown in the diagram.

a) Synaptic knob
b) Node of Ranvier
c) Nissl’s granule
d) Schwan cell
Answer: c
Clarification: The given diagram shows a nerve cell or neuron. The indicated region lies between two adjacent myelin sheaths. Hence, it is identified to be a Node of Ranvier. It is the gap between two myelin sheaths.

13. At resting membrane potential, the axonal membrane is permeable to which ions?
a) Calcium ions
b) Sodium ions
c) Potassium ions
d) Chlorine ions
Answer: c
Clarification: The axonal membrane of the neuron or nerve cell is semi-permeable in nature. At resting membrane potential, the membrane is permeable to potassium ions but nearly impermeable to sodium ions.

14. At resting membrane potential, which ion concentration is high outside the axonal membrane?
a) Sodium ions
b) Calcium ions
c) Potassium ions
d) Chlorine ions
Answer: a
Clarification: At resting membrane potential, the membrane is permeable to potassium ions but nearly impermeable to sodium ions. Hence, the concentration of sodium ions is higher outside the membrane.

15. How many sodium ions are transported for every 2 potassium ions by the Na-K pump?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1
d) 0
Answer: b
Clarification: At resting membrane potential, to maintain the ionic gradient, 3 sodium ions are transported out of the axonal membrane for every 2 potassium ions moving into the cell, by the Na-K pump.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Living World – Taxonomical Aids”.

1. What are taxonomical aids?
a) Taxonomical aids refer to first aid kids used to treat animals
b) Taxonomical aids are those that help you to identify and classify organisms into their respective taxa
c) Taxonomical aids are students who study taxonomy
d) Taxonomical aids are those which help you to study the anatomy of an organism
Answer: b
Clarification: Taxonomical aids help you to identify and classify organisms into their respective taxa Herbarium sheets, zoological parks, botanical gardens, museums and keys constitute taxonomical aids.

2. SV Zoological Park is located in _________
a) Pune
b) Tirupati
c) Visakhapatnam
d) Chennai
Answer: b
Clarification: SV Zoological Park is located in Tirupati and it’s one of the Asia’s largest zoological park Indira Gandhi Zoological park is located in Visakhapatnam. Anna zoological park is located in Chennai. Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park is located in Pune.

3. Herbarium is a _______
a) store house of all animal specimens
b) place where fresh plants are kept to attract visitors
c) sheets in which different dried plant specimens pressed against the papers are stored for taxonomical study
d) a devotional place where people offer their prayers for the sacred trees
Answer: c
Clarification: Herbarium sheets are used to preserve dried plant specimens that are pressed against the sheets and are helpful in taxonomical study. Also these are one of the most familiar taxonomical aids used by taxonomists.

4. Pick the odd one out.
a) Herbarium
b) Botanical Garden
c) Zoological Park
d) Flora
Answer: c
Clarification: Zoological parks are taxonomical aids to study and categorize animals. Herbarium, Botanical Garden and Flora are taxonomical aids to study plant kingdom.

5. Lal Bagh botanical garden is located in _________
a) Hyderabad
b) Delhi
c) Bangalore
d) Mumbai
Answer: c
Clarification: Lal Bagh botanical garden is located in Bangalore. It is one of the oldest botanical garden in the world. Few other famous botanical gardens in the world are at Kew (England), Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah and National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow.

6. Museums preserve larger animals and birds ________
a) as skeletons
b) in giant boxes
c) by compressing and stuffing them into boxes
d) by creating an environment that resembles their habitat so that they can survive for a long period
Answer: c
Clarification: Larger animals and birds are preserved in museums by compressing them into boxes. In zoological parks, animals are provided with an environment that is similar to their habitat so that they can survive for a long period.

7. The pair of options used in keys to determine the taxonomy of an organism is called ________
a) Doublet
b) Couplet
c) Manuals
d) Description
Answer: b
Clarification: Taxonomists use keys which provide you with a pair of contrasting options called couplet that finally terminates at the correct taxon of the organism.

8. Information on any of the taxon are provided by _________
a) Monographs
b) Manuals
c) Herbarium sheets
d) Catalogues
Answer: a
Clarification: Monographs provides is with information on any of the taxon. Manuals help us by providing information on species that are found in an area. Herbarium sheets contain dried plant specimens and information about that plant. Catalogue contains list of species and brief information on each of them.

9. CBD stands for ________
a) Conservation of Bio-diversity
b) Convention on Biological Diversity
c) Conference on Bio-diversity
d) Colloquium on Bio-diversity
Answer: b
Clarification: Convention on Biological Diversity is a treaty signed in United Nations with a motto to conserve bio-diversity and promote sustainable development.

10. Taxonomical aids help you in identification and classification of organisms.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Taxonomical aids serve as quick referrals for taxonomical studies. They help us in identification and classification of organism according to their taxonomic categories.

Botany Quiz on “Plant Kingdom – Bryophytes-2”.

1. Which of the following is incorrect?
a) Gametes are produced in sex organs called gametophytes
b) Male gametes are transported to female gametes through water
c) Male and female gametes further fuse to form a zygotic structure that develops into an embryo
d) This embryo further develops to form a haploidic structure called sporophytes that bear spores
Answer: a
Clarification: Gametes are produced in sex organs called gametophytes. Male gametes are transported to female gametes through water. Male and female gametes further fuse to form a zygotic structure that develops into an embryo. This embryo further develops to form a haploidic structure called sporophytes that bear spores.

2. Sporophyte bears spores in ___________
a) Capsule
b) Seta
c) Foot
d) Strond
Answer: a
Clarification: Sporophyte contains mainly of three parts capsule, seta and foot. Capsule is the portion of sporophyte that bears spores and seta is the part that transfers water and nutrients from gametophyte to capsule.

3. Which is the dominant phase in the life cycle of liverworts?
a) Diploid sporophyte
b) Diploid zygote
c) Haploid gametophyte
d) Diploid spores
Answer: c
Clarification: Haploid gametophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of liverworts. Diploid sporophyte, diploid zygote and diploid spores are short living intermediary structures that finally result in gametophyte.

4. Both male and female reproductive gametes must be present in the same leafy liverworts in order to facilitate reproduction.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Male and female gametes need not be present in the same leafy liverworts in order to facilitate reproduction. In case of mosses, male and female reproductive organs grow on same thallus as antheridial branch and archegonial branch.

5. Which among the following is an incorrect statement?
a) Zygote is formed by fusion of male and female gametes and is diploid in nature
b) Zygote undergoes reduction division to form a structure called sporophyte
c) Sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores
d) Spores germinate to form new thallus
Answer: b
Clarification: Zygote is formed by fusion of male and female gametes and is diploid in nature. Zygote doesn’t undergo reduction division immediately after fusion. They instead form a structure called as sporophyte. Sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores. Spores germinate to form new thallus.

6. Which among the following is correct?

a) a-Capsule; b-Seta; c-Rhizoids; d-Gametophyte; e-Foot; f-Sporophyte
b) a-Capsule; b-Seta; c-Foot; d-Sporophyte; e-Rhizoids; f-Gametophyte
c) a-Sporesac; b-Stipe; c-Foot; d-Sporophyte; e-Rhizoids; f-Gametophyte
d) a-Gemmae; b-Stipe; c-Leaves; d-Sporophyte; e-Rhizoids; f-Gametophyte
Answer: b
Clarification: After the fusion, the embryo develops into a structure called Sporophyte that grows out on Gametophyte. It has a long erect stalk called Seta that transfers water and nutrients from gametophyte to capsule. Capsule is the portion of Sporophyte that bears spores. Foot is the portion of Sporophyte that anchors to Gametophyte.

7. Which among the following is incorrect about the following figure?

a) The flower-like portion in the figure shows Antheridium
b) The male and female gametes fuse to form a diploidic structure called zygote
c) Zygote further develops to form Sporophyte that bears spores
d) Sporophyte depends on gametophyte for its nutrition
Answer: a
Clarification: The flower-like portion in the figure shows Archegonium. The male and female gametes fuse to form a diploidic structure called zygote. Zygote further develops to form Sporophyte that bears spores. Sporophyte depends on gametophyte for its nutrition.

8. Which among the following is incorrect?
a) In mosses, spores germinate to form protonema, a green creepy structure that further develops into leaf like thallus
b) Rhizoids hold mosses to ground and prevent soil erosion
c) Gemmae are sexual propagative organs in Liverworts that contain gemmae which further gives rise to a new individual
d) Water is extremely important for the sexual reproduction of bryophytes
Answer: c
Clarification: In mosses, spores germinate to form protonema, a green creepy structure that further develops into leaf like thallus. Rhizoids hold mosses to ground and prevent soil erosion. Gemmae are asexual propagative organs in Liverworts that contain gemmae which further gives rise to a new individual. Water is extremely important for carrying male gamete towards female gamete in order to facilitate sexual reproduction of bryophytes.

9. Diploidic Sporophyte is the predominant phase in the life cycle of mosses.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Haploidic gametophyte is the predominant phase in the life cycle of mosses. Protonema, Sporophyte, Spores and Zygote are intermediary structures in the life cycle of mosses.

10. The part “a” shown in the figure if b is antheridium _________

a) Antherozoid
b) Zoospores
c) Pollen grain
d) Archegonidia
Answer: a
Clarification: The figure shows Antheridium bearing antherozoid or sperms. Sperms are the male gametes in bryophytes that fuse with the female gamete i.e. the egg cell to form zygote. A zygote further develops to form a Sporophyte that bears spores.

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Botany Questions for Entrance Exams on “Flowering Plants Morphology – Root-2”.

1. Modification is necessary for plants to ensure that few specific functions other than water and mineral absorption.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Modification is necessary for plants to ensure that few specific functions other than water and mineral absorption. Some of these functions include food storage, support and respiration.

2. Which among the following is incorrect about modifications of roots with respect to food storage?
a) Most of the times, tap roots become swollen to store food
b) Radish adopts napiform to store food
c) Napiform is found in turnip and the root is spherical in the top and tapers in the bottom
d) If the root is swollen in the middle and those that tapers on both the sides are called fusiform roots
Answer: b
Clarification: Most of the times, tap roots become swollen to store. Radish adopts fusiform to store food. Napiform is found in turnip and the root is spherical in the top and tapers in the bottom. If the root is swollen in the middle and those that tapers on both the sides are called fusiform roots.

3. Which among the following is incorrect about modifications in adventitious roots for food storage?
a) Tuberous roots are those roots that are swollen and don’t have any specific shape
b) Tuberous roots are found in plants like sweet potato
c) Slender roots with swollen apex are found in Dahlia
d) Fasciculated roots are those that have tubercles at the stem base
Answer: c
Clarification: Tuberous roots are those roots that are swollen and don’t have any specific shape. These are found in plants like sweet potato. Slender roots with swollen apex are found in Dahlia. Fasciculated roots are those that have tubercles at the stem base.

4. Which among the following is not correct about modifications of roots to facilitate respiration?
a) In some plants that grow in marshy areas, roots are modified to facilitate respiration
b) Pneumatophores are specialized breathing roots that help in respiration of plant that grows in marshy areas
c) Breathing roots are present in mango
d) Exchange of gases occur through lenticels in pneumatophores
Answer: c
Clarification: In some plants that grow in marshy areas, roots are modified to facilitate respiration. Pneumatophores are specialized breathing roots that help in respiration of plant that grows in marshy areas. Breathing roots are present in mangroves that occur mostly in Sunderban deltas. Exchange of gases occurs through lenticels in pneumatophores.

5. Roots in few huge trees are modifies to provide mechanical support.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Roots in few huge trees are modifies to provide mechanical support. For example prop roots present in banyan tree, stilt roots present in sugarcane and maize and climbing roots in betel plant.

6. Which among the following is incorrect about modification in roots for mechanical support?
a) Prop roots are those that originate from aerial branches
b) Prop roots are also called hanging roots
c) Those roots that originate from stem base that grow obliquely and penetrate into the soil are called stilt roots
d) Stilt roots are present in beetle
Answer: d
Clarification: Prop roots are those that originate from aerial branches. Prop roots are also called hanging roots. Those roots that originate from stem base that grow obliquely and penetrate into the soil are called stilt roots. Stilt roots are present in sugar cane and maize.

7. Which among the following statements is incorrect?
a) In trapa, roots help in performing photosynthesis
b) In few aquatic plants, roots are modified into spongy structure help in floating by maintaining buoyancy
c) In parasitic plants, haustorial roots penetrate into host to derive nutrition
d) Floating roots are present in cuscuta
Answer: d
Clarification: In trapa, roots help in performing photosynthesis. In few aquatic plants, roots are modified into spongy structure help in floating by maintaining buoyancy. In parasitic plants, haustorial roots penetrate into host to derive nutrition. Haustorial roots are present in cuscuta.

8. Which among the following is incorrect about importance of root system?
a) Root system helps in absorption of water and minerals from soil
b) In plants like mangroves, breathing roots called pneumatophores are present
c) Pneumatophores grow vertically upwards and exchange gases through lenticels
d) Plants that grow tall derive their additional mechanical support by sending pillar like woody roots called stilt roots
Answer: d
Clarification: Root system helps in absorption of water and minerals from soil. In plants like mangroves, breathing roots called pneumatophores are present. Pneumatophores grow vertically upwards and exchange gases through lenticels. Plants that grow tall derive their additional mechanical support by sending pillar like woody roots called prop roots.

9. Which among the following is incorrect about roots in banyan tree?
a) Banyan roots have adventitious roots called prop roots that provide them with additional support
b) Prop roots are also called as climbing roots
c) Prop roots on meeting the soil form secondary and tertiary roots
d) Initially these start as tiny outgrowth on the branches and become woody and large
Answer: b
Clarification: Banyan roots have adventitious roots called prop roots that provide them with additional support. Prop roots are also called as hanging roots. Prop roots on meeting the soil form secondary and tertiary roots. Initially these start as tiny outgrowth on the branches and become woody and large.

10. Which among the following is incorrect about climbing roots?
a) These roots originate from nodes or internodes
b) They help plant climb on the surface
c) These roots secrete sticky substances that help the plants to stick on the walls
d) Climbing roots help in anchoring the plant to the soil
Answer: d
Clarification: Climbing roots originate from nodes or internodes. They help plant climb on the surface. These roots secrete sticky substances that help the plants to stick on the walls. Climbing roots don’t help in anchoring the plant to the soil.

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