Category: Class 11 Biology Objective Questions

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Excretory System in Animals”.

1. Which of the following is not accumulated by the body of living organisms?
a) Ammonia
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Urea
d) Oxygen
Answer: d
Clarification: Oxygen is not accumulated by the body of living organisms as this is required by the cells to perform respiration. Also, it is not a waste product of the cells. Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water, and ions like Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^–, phosphate, sulphate, etc., by certain metabolic activities.

2. Which of the following is not the major form of nitrogenous wastes?
a) Ammonia
b) Urea
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Uric acid
Answer: c
Clarification: Ammonia, urea, and uric acid are the major forms of nitrogenous wastes excreted by the animals. These substances have to be removed totally or partially from the body.

3. Which of the following is the most toxic form of nitrogenous waste?
a) Guanine
b) Ammonia
c) Urea
d) Uric acid
Answer: b
Clarification: Ammonia is the most toxic form of nitrogenous waste as it is corrosive. Also, it requires large amounts of energy for its elimination. Ammonia also needs a huge amount of water for its removal from the body.

4. Ammonia is generally excreted through which of the following?
a) Kidneys
b) Gills
c) Lungs
d) Skin
Answer: b
Clarification: Ammonia is generally excreted through the gills. It is generally excreted by the diffusion across the body surfaces or through the gill surfaces as it is readily soluble. Kidneys do not play a significant role in the elimination of ammonia.

5. The process of excreting ammonia is called as ureotelism.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The process of excreting ammonia is called as ammonotelism while the process of excreting urea is known as ureotelism. Many bony fishes, aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects are known to be ammonotelic. Ureotelic organisms include cockroaches, humans, etc.

6. Which of the following organisms is not ureotelic?
a) Bony fishes
b) Mammals
c) Terrestrial amphibians
d) Marine fishes
Answer: a
Clarification: Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians, and marine fishes mainly excrete urea and are called as ureotelic animals. Terrestrial adaptations necessitated the production of lesser toxic nitrogenous waste like urea.

7. In ureotelic organisms, ammonia is converted into which of the following?
a) Uric acid
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Remains as such
d) Urea
Answer: d
Clarification: In ureotelic organisms, ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver of these animals and released into the blood which is filtered and excreted out by the kidneys.

8. Which of the following is not a uricotelic organism?
a) Mammals
b) Reptiles
c) Birds
d) Land snails
Answer: a
Clarification: Those organisms which secrete uric acid as a nitrogenous waste are known as uricotelic organisms. Some uricotelic organisms are reptiles, birds, land snails, and insects. They excrete uric acid in the form of a pellet or paste to conserve water and to reduce the weight of the body because removal of uric acid requires a minimum amount of water.

9. Which of the following is not a guanotelic organism?
a) Spiders
b) Scorpions
c) Starfish
d) Marine birds
Answer: c
Clarification: Guanotelic organisms are those organisms whose main excretory product is guanine in the urine. These include spiders, scorpions, and some marine birds like an arctic tern, etc.

10. Excretion of which of the following is for the adaptation of water conservation?
a) Ammonia
b) Urea
c) Uric acid
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: c
Clarification: Excretion of uric acid is an adaptation for water conservation as uric acid is least soluble in water and is formed by nucleic acid metabolism.

11. In most of the invertebrates, kidneys are present for excretion.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: In most of the invertebrates, kidneys are not present for excretion. Their excretory structures are simple tubular forms like nephridia, flame cells, etc. It is the vertebrates who have complex tubular organs called kidneys.

12. Which of the following organism has flame cells for excretion?
a) Flatworms
b) Roundworms
c) Hookworms
d) Pinworms
Answer: a
Clarification: Flame cells are also known as protonephridia. These are the excretory structures of flatworms like planaria, rotifers, some annelids and some cephalochordates like the Amphioxus. Flame cells are the primitive forms of nephridia.

13. Which of the following phyla have nephridia as an excretory structure?
a) Arthropods
b) Annelids
c) Platyhelminthes
d) Ctenophora
Answer: b
Clarification: Nephridia are the tubular excretory structures of earthworms and other annelids. Nephridia help to remove nitrogenous wastes and maintain a fluid and ionic balance.

14. Malpighian tubules are the excretory structures of which of the following?
a) Insects
b) Flatworms
c) Roundworms
d) Crustaceans
Answer: a
Clarification: Malpighian tubules are the excretory structures of most of the insects including cockroaches. Malpighian tubules help in the removal of nitrogenous wastes and osmoregulation.

15. Which of the following are the excretory structures of crustaceans?
a) Nephridia
b) Protonephridia
c) Malpighian tubules
d) Antennal glands
Answer: d
Clarification: Antennal glands or green glands perform the excretory function in crustaceans like prawns. Protonephridia are the excretory structures which are primarily concerned with ionic and fluid volume regulation.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Disorders in Muscular and Skeletal System”.

1. Which of these is an autoimmune disorder?
a) Arthritis
b) Osteoporosis
c) Gout
d) Myasthenia gravis
Answer: d
Clarification: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder which affects neuromuscular junctions. It leads to various degrees of weakness in skeletal muscles. The onset of myasthenia gravis can be sudden.

2. Which of these is disorder of the muscular system?
a) Crohn’s Disease
b) Celiac Disease
c) Myasthenia gravis
d) Gastroenteritis
Answer: c
Clarification: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the muscular system which affects neuromuscular junctions. Crohn’s Disease, Celiac Disease and gastroenteritis are disorders of the digestive system.

3. Which of these disorders affect the neuromuscular junction?
a) Arthritis
b) Osteoporosis
c) Myasthenia gravis
d) Gout
Answer: c
Clarification: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder which affects neuromuscular junctions. It leads to various degrees of weakness in skeletal muscles. The onset of myasthenia gravis can be sudden.

4. Which of these is not a symptom of myasthenia gravis?
a) Rapid spasms
b) Fatigue
c) Muscle weakness
d) Paralysis of skeletal muscles
Answer: a
Clarification: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder which affects neuromuscular junctions. It leads to fatigue, muscle weakness and paralysis of skeletal muscles. Rapid spasms are a result of tetany.

5. Which of these statements is false regarding myasthenia gravis?
a) It affects neuromuscular junctions
b) It is a genetic disease
c) It results in fatigue
d) It leads to paralysis of skeletal muscles
Answer: b
Clarification: Myasthenia gravis is not a genetic disease. Rather, it is an autoimmune disorder which affects neuromuscular junctions. It leads to fatigue, muscle weakness and paralysis of skeletal muscles.

6. Which of these is a genetic disorder?
a) Gout
b) Myasthenia gravis
c) Muscular dystrophy
d) Tetany
Answer: c
Clarification: Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder of the muscular system. It leads to the progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles and loss of muscle mass. The life span of patients is often shortened.

7. Which of these disorders lead to degeneration of skeletal muscles?
a) Muscular dystrophy
b) Gout
c) Tetany
d) Osteoporosis
Answer: a
Clarification: Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder of the muscular system. It leads to the progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles and loss of muscle mass. The life span of patients is often shortened.

8. Which of these disorders lead to rapid spasms?
a) Gout
b) Myasthenia gravis
c) Muscular dystrophy
d) Tetany
Answer: d
Clarification: Tetany is a disorder of the muscular system characterized by rapid spasms or wild contractions. It occurs due to low concentrations of calcium ions in body fluids. Calcium ions play an important role in muscle contraction.

9. Which of these disorders is caused due to low concentrations of calcium ions?
a) Muscular dystrophy
b) Gout
c) Tetany
d) Osteoporosis
Answer: c
Clarification: Muscular dystrophy, gout, tetany and osteoporosis are disorders of the muscular system and the skeletal system. Out of these, tetany is caused due to low concentrations of calcium ions.

10. Decreased levels of oestrogen causes osteoporosis. True or false?
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Osteoporosis is a disorder of the skeletal system. It leads to a reduction in bone mass and increases the chances of the patient getting fractures. Reduced oestrogen level is a common cause.

11. What is the effect of arthritis?
a) Paralysis
b) Rapid spasms
c) Reduced bone mass
d) Inflammation of joints
Answer: d
Clarification: Arthritis is a disorder of the muscular system and the skeletal system. It leads to the inflammation of joints. This results in pain, swelling, reduced range of motion, muscle weakness and stiffness.

12. Which of these is an age-related disorder?
a) Tetany
b) Gout
c) Osteoporosis
d) Muscular dystrophy
Answer: c
Clarification: Osteoporosis is a disorder of the skeletal system. It leads to a reduction in bone mass and increases the chances of the patient getting fractures. Reduced oestrogen level is a common cause.

13. Which disease increases the chance of fractures?
a) Tetany
b) Gout
c) Osteoporosis
d) Crohn’s Disease
Answer: c
Clarification: Osteoporosis leads to a reduction in bone mass and increases the chances of the patient getting fractures. It is an age-related skeletal disorder. Crohn’s Disease is a digestive disorder.

14. Which of these disorders lead to the inflammation of joints?
a) Gout
b) Myasthenia gravis
c) Muscular dystrophy
d) Tetany
Answer: a
Clarification: Gout is a disorder of the muscular system and the skeletal system. It leads to the inflammation of joints due to crystallization and deposition of uric acid crystals. It is a form of arthritis.

15. Which disease is characterized by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints?
a) Myasthenia gravis
b) Gout
c) Muscular dystrophy
d) Tetany
Answer: b
Clarification: Gout is a disorder of the muscular system and the skeletal system. It leads to the inflammation of joints due to crystallization and deposition of uric acid crystals. It is a form of arthritis.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Chemical Control and Coordination – Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal”.

1. Which of these structures of heart secrete hormones?
a) Bundle of His
b) Ventricle
c) SA node
d) Atrium
Answer: d
Clarification: The atria are the two upper chambers of the heart. The walls of the atria secrete a hormone known as atrial natriuretic factor or ANF. Its function is to reduce blood pressure to maintain homeostasis.

2. Which hormone is secreted by the heart?
a) MSH
b) CCK
c) ANF
d) PRL
Answer: c
Clarification: ANF or atrial natriuretic factor is secreted by the heart. It is secreted by the walls of the atria. PRL is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, MSH by the pars intermedia and CCK by the GI tract.

3. What is the effect of secretion of ANS?
a) Increases urination frequency
b) Constricts blood vessels
c) Dilates blood vessels
d) Decreases urination frequency
Answer: c
Clarification: ANS or atrial natriuretic factor is secreted by the walls of the atria of the heart. Its effect is to dilate the blood vessels. As a result, blood is provided more space to flow, and hence the blood pressure decreases.

4. Which of these hormones reduce blood pressure?
a) Atrial natriuretic factor
b) Adrenaline
c) Noradrenaline
d) Somatotropin
Answer: a
Clarification: Atrial natriuretic factor or ANF is secreted by the walls of the atria of the heart. Its effect is to dilate blood vessels and hence decrease blood pressure. Adrenaline and noradrenaline increase blood pressure.

5. Which hormone is produced in the kidney?
a) Angiotensinogen
b) Erythropoietin
c) Thrombopoietin
d) Somatostatin
Answer: b
Clarification: The kidney produces erythropoietin. It is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. Angiotensinogen and thrombopoietin are produced by the liver. Somatostatin is secreted by the pancreas.

6. Which part of kidney produces erythropoietin?
a) PCT
b) DCT
c) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
d) Loop of Henle
Answer: c
Clarification: Juxtaglomerular cells of the nephrons of kidney are responsible for the production of the hormone erythropoietin. It is a peptide hormone that induces erythropoiesis or formation of erythrocytes.

7. Which of these hormones is not produced by the GI tract?
a) MSH
b) CCK
c) GIP
d) Secretin
Answer: a
Clarification: The GI tract or gastrointestinal tract contains endocrine tissue at different parts that secrete peptide hormones such as CCK or cholecystokinin, GIP or gastric inhibitory peptide, secretin and gastrin.

8. Pepsinogen secretion is stimulated by ______
a) GIP
b) CCK
c) secretin
d) gastrin
Answer: d
Clarification: Gastrin is a peptide hormone secreted by endocrine tissue located at various parts of the GI tract or gastrointestinal tract. It acts on gastric glands to stimulate the secretion of pepsinogen.

9. Hydrochloric acid secretion is stimulated by ______
a) GIP
b) CCK
c) gastrin
d) secretin
Answer: c
Clarification: Gastrin is a peptide hormone secreted by endocrine tissue located at various parts of the GI tract or gastrointestinal tract. It acts on the gastric glands to stimulate hydrochloric acid secretion.

10. CCK is a peptide hormone. True or false?
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: CCK or cholecystokinin is produced by the endocrine tissue present in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a peptide hormone. It has a stimulating effect on pancreas and gall bladder.

11. Which of these hormones stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate ions?
a) MSH
b) CCK
c) Gastrin
d) Secretin
Answer: d
Clarification: Secretin is a peptide hormone secreted by the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract. It stimulates the exocrine cells of the pancreas. As a result, water and bicarbonate ions are secreted.

12. Which of these hormones stimulates the secretion of bile?
a) MSH
b) GIP
c) CCK
d) PRL
Answer: c
Clarification: CCK or cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone secreted by the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract or GI tract. It stimulates the gall bladder to secrete bile juice for the digestion of fats.

13. Secretin acts on _____
a) delta cells of pancreas
b) beta cells of pancreas
c) exocrine cells of pancreas
d) alpha cells of pancreas
Answer: c
Clarification: Secretin acts on the exocrine cells of pancreas. It stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate ions. Hence, secretin, a peptide hormone, helps to maintain the homeostasis of the body.

14. Which hormone reduces the secretion of the gastric hormones?
a) GIP
b) CCK
c) PRL
d) FSH
Answer: a
Clarification: GIP or gastric inhibitory peptide is a peptide hormone secreted by the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract or the GI tract. It inhibits or reduces gastric secretion. It helps maintain homeostasis.

15. Which of these functions is reduced by GIP?
a) Spermatogenesis
b) GI motility
c) Oogenesis
d) Melanin production
Answer: b
Clarification: Motility of the GI tract or the gastrointestinal tract is reduced by GIP or gastric inhibitory peptide. It is a peptide hormone secreted by the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract.

Biology Quiz for Class 11 on “Living and Non Living – 2”.

1. Increase in mass and increase in number are twin characteristics of growth.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Multicellular organisms grow by cell division, i.e. increase in number which thereby leads to increase in mass.

2. Which organism among the following reproduce?
a) Mules
b) Worker bees
c) Fertile human couple
d) Infertile human couple
Answer: c
Clarification: Fertile human couple successfully produces offspring but mules, worker bees and an infertile human couple are incapable of reproduction.

3. The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in our body known as ______
a) Anabolism
b) Metabolism
c) Amphibolism
d) Catabolism
Answer: b
Clarification: Metabolism is the total set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. Anabolism is a set of constructive processes. Catabolism is a set of destructive processes. Amphibolism leads to both constructive and destructive outcomes.

4. Living and non-living organisms can be differentiated unexceptionally on the basis of _________
a) Growth
b) Consciousness
c) Metabolism
d) Reproduction
Answer: d
Clarification: Reproduction is the only criteria by which living and non-living organisms can be differentiated without any exception. Growth is seen in non-living organisms as well. Metabolism can be carried out in-vitro. Consciousness is also present in patients in coma.

5. Pick the man-made non-living thing.
a) Mountains
b) Valleys
c) Books
d) Rivers
Answer: c
Clarification: Books are non-living and also manmade whereas mountains, rivers and valleys are non- living but occur naturally.

6. A student wanted to keep a pet rat. He kept it inside a closed cage and found that the rat died the next day. Select the reason behind the death of the rat.
a) It did not get the space to move
b) It did not get sunlight to grow
c) It did not get air to breathe
d) It did not get food to eat
Answer: c
Clarification: The rat couldn’t survive because of the lack of air to breathe. A rat can live without space to move, sunlight and food for a few days.

7. Statement A: Natural things can be living or non-living.
Statement B: Living things can be natural.
a) Both the statements are true
b) Both the statements are false
c) Statement A is true but Statement B is false
d) Statement B is true but Statement A is false
Answer: a
Clarification: Both the statements are correct. Natural things are both living and non-living but Living things are always made by nature.

8. Sun is essential for plants as it provides _____
a) Water
b) Roots
c) Food
d) Energy
Answer: d
Clarification: Sun provides energy to plants. Water has to provided to plants or they obtain it naturally from rain. Roots are a part of the plant body which helps in obtaining food, water and minerals. Plants make their own food.

9. Budding is observed in _____
a) Planaria
b) Amoeba
c) Yeast
d) Protonema of mosses
Answer: c
Clarification: Budding is a method of asexual reproduction observed in lower organisms. Yeast multiply through budding. Planaria, Amoeba and Protonema of mosses multiply respectively through regeneration, binary fission and fragmentation respectively.

10. Growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive events in case of the majority of plants and animals.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Growth is an increase in mass from inside or outside or both whereas reproduction refers to the production of progenies. Growth takes place in both living and non-living organisms but reproduction is seen only in living beings.

To practice Biology Quiz for Class 11,

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Classification in Plantae”.

1. Blue-green algae belong to the phylum of algae.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Blue green algae or cyano-bacteria belong to the kingdom of Monera and falls under the category of Eubacteria. Earlier it was thought to be a part of algae.

2. Plantae doesn’t consist of mushrooms.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Mushroom, few other fungi and blue-green algae which were earlier considered to be plants are now put under different kingdoms. Mushrooms belong to the kingdom fungi and blue-green algae or cyanobacteria are classified under Monera.

3. What is the major difference between plant cell and an animal cell?
a) Cell wall
b) Cell membrane
c) Eukaryotic nature of cells
d) Genetic material
Answer: a
Clarification: Plant cells contain an extra layer outside their cell membrane called cell wall. Cell wall plays a major role in the metabolic activities of a plant cell. It helps in controlling of osmotic pressure.

4. Artificial classification of plant kingdom is based on _______
a) Morphological characteristics
b) Embryotic structure
c) Ultra structure
d) Filamentous structure
Answer: a
Clarification: Artificial classification is based on morphological structures of the plant i.e. artificial classification on external structure of the plants than their internal structure.

5. Which among the following is incorrect about artificial classification of plantae kingdom?
a) This classification is mainly based on external features of a plant than that of their internal features
b) It laid the concept of classification in plants
c) Sexual organs are given more preference than vegetative organs
d) Artificial classification classifies closely related species
Answer: c
Clarification: Artificial classification is the oldest mode of classification in plantae kingdom. This classification laid the foundation for classification in plants. Artificial classification classifies closely related species under one category. However, in this mode of classification vegetative and sexual characteristics are given equal preference.

6. The mode of classifying plants as shrubs, herbs and trees comes under ________
a) Artificial classification
b) Natural classification
c) Phylogenetic classification
d) Whittaker’s classification
Answer: a
Clarification: The mode of classifying plants as shrubs, herbs and trees come under artificial classification. In this mode of classification, morphological characteristics of plants are considered to be the basis of classification.

7. Which among the following are incorrect about natural classification?
a) In natural classification, only internal structures of the plants are considered
b) Natural classification overcomes the limitations of the artificial classification
c) Natural classification considers reproductive mode, embryotic structure and ultra structure of plants
d) Natural classification establishes close relationship between plants
Answer: a
Clarification: Natural classification overcomes the limitations of the plants. Both internal and external structures are considered to be the basis of natural classification. Natural classification considers reproductive mode, embryotic structure and ultra structure of plants. It establishes close relationship between plants.

8. Phylogenetic classification considers __________
a) Morphological characteristics
b) Embryotic structure
c) Evolutionary relationships
d) Ultra structure
Answer: c
Clarification: Phylogenetic classification considers evolutionary relationships between organisms. Fossil records, cytotaxonomy, chemotaxonomy and numerical taxonomy help in studying their evolutionary structures.

9. Which among the following is incorrect about numerical taxonomy?
a) Numerical classification is based on mathematical calculations based on observable characteristics
b) Numbers are given to each character
c) The more the number of similar characters, the more is the chance that they belong to similar taxa
d) Numerical taxonomy gives the same result irrespective of the different sets of characteristics considered
Answer: d
Clarification: Numerical classification is based on mathematical calculations based on observable characteristics. In this mode of classification, each character is given a number or a code. The more the number of similar characters, the more is the chance that they belong to similar taxon. The main disadvantage of numerical taxonomy comes with the variation in result with variation in set of characteristics.

10. Which among the following is incorrect about cytotaxonomy and chemotaxonomy?
a) Cytotaxonomy is based on the chromosomes present in the organism
b) Chemotaxonomy is based on the chemical composition of plants
c) Cytotaxonomy involves characteristics like number of chromosomes, division of cell and position centromere
d) Cytotaxonomy involves only external characteristics
Answer: d
Clarification: Cytotaxonomy is based on the chromosomes present in the organism. Cytotaxonomy involves both internal and external characteristics of plant. Cytotaxonomy involves characteristics like number of chromosomes, division of cell and position centromere. Chemotaxonomy is based on the chemical composition of plants.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Animal Kingdom – Chordata-1”.

1. Which among the following is incorrect about chordates?
a) They must have notochord at every point of their life
b) They have a post anal tail
c) They have hollow dorsal nerve cord
d) They have a ventral heart
Answer: a
Clarification: In chordates, notochord at some point of their life and may vanish after certain period of time. They have a post anal tail. They have a dorsal nerve cord. They have a ventral heart.

2. Which among the following is incorrect about chordata?
a) They have paired muscles
b) Post anal tail must be present in chordates
c) Their notochord vanishes after certain period of time
d) Pharyngeal gill slits are present
Answer: b
Clarification: Chordates have paired muscles. Post anal tail is present at the embryo but might vanish after certain period of time. Their notochord also vanishes after certain period of time. Pharyngeal gill slits are present.

3. Which among the following is odd?
a) Urochordata
b) Cephalochordata
c) Vertebrata
d) Agnatha
Answer: d
Clarification: Urochordata, Cephalochordata and Vertebrata are sub-phyla of Chordata. These sub-phyla are classified based on the period of presence of notochord in Chordates. Whereas unlike other three options, Agnatha is a super class in Chordates.

4. Which among the following is not correct about Urochordata?
a) They are a classification under Protochordates
b) They have post anal tail only till their larval stage
c) Most of these are marine and almost extinct
d) They don’t contain gill clefts
Answer: d
Clarification: Urochordata is classified under Protochordates. They have post anal tail only till their larval stage. Most of these are marine and almost extinct. They contain pharyngeal gill slits in the form of gill clefts.

5. Branchiostoma is an example of Cephalochordata.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Ascidia, Salpa, Doliolum etc. are examples of Urochordata. Branchiostoma which resembles like finless fish is actually an example of Cephalochordata. The Cephalochordates and Urochordates are grouped under Protochordates.

6. Which among the following is incorrect about Vertebrata?
a) All chordates are vertebrates
b) In vertebrates, notochord is replaced by vertebral column in adults
c) They might not have post-anal tail after a certain period of time
d) Notochord is present during embryonic period
Answer: a
Clarification: All vertebrates are chordates but the vice-versa is not true. Notochord is present during embryonic period. It is replaced by vertebral column in adults. They might also not have post-anal tail after a certain period of time.

7. Agnatha is an example of ________
a) Sub-phylum
b) Phylum
c) Super-class
d) Class
Answer: c
Clarification: Super-class is a taxonomic category that is just above the class and below sub-phylum. Animal kingdom is divided into 10 phyla and one among them is Chordates. Chordates are further classified into two sub-phylum, namely, protochordates and vertebrata. Vertebrata are further classified into super classes, namely, agnatha and gnathostomata.

8. Which among the following is incorrect about Agnatha?
a) These are also called as jawless fishes
b) Scales and fins are present
c) They adopt parasitic mode of nutrition
d) They have a circular mouth that acts as sucker
Answer: b
Clarification: Agnatha are also called as jawless fishes. Scales and fins are absent. They adopt parasitic mode of nutrition. Their circular mouth acts as sucker. They are aquatic and most of them are extinct. The only class that exists in this super-class is cyclostomata.

9. Which among the following is incorrect about Cyclostomata?
a) Their vertebral column is made of cartilage
b) Lamprey and hagfish are examples of this class
c) Their digestive system is complete with stomach, food pipe and intestines
d) Their circulatory system is closed with a 2 chambered heart
Answer: c
Clarification: Vertebral column is made of cartilage in Cyclostomata. They don’t have a stomach. Their circulatory system is closed with a 2 chambered heart. Lamprey and hagfish are examples of this class.

10. Which among the following is incorrect about Gnathostomata?
a) These are vertebrates with jaws
b) This super class is classified into Pisces and tetrapods based on their type of blood
c) Pisces use fins for their movement
d) Tetrapods use limbs for their movement
Answer: b
Clarification: Gnathostomata are vertebrates with jaws. This super class is classified into psices and tetrapods based on the organs they use for their movement. Pisces use fins for their movement. Tetrapods use limbs for their movement.