Category: Class 11 Biology Objective Questions

250+ TOP MCQs on Human Respiratory System and Answers

Biology Online Test for NEET Exam on “Human Respiratory System – 2”.

1. Where are Bowman’s glands found?
a) Olfactory epithelium
b) Cortical nephrons
c) Juxtamedullary nephrons
d) Anterior pitutary
Answer: a
Clarification: Olfactory region of nassal passage is lined by nuero sensory epithelium known as ‘Olfactory epithelium or Schneidarian membrane’. They secrete chemoreceptive substances which help in sensing smell.

2. Hyaline cartilage is not found in_________
a) thyroid cartilage
b) cricoid cartilage
c) arytenoid cartilage
d) cartilage of santorini
Answer: d
Clarification: Hyaline cartilage is glass like and found mainly in ribs, nose, larynx and trachea. Cartilage of Santorini is made up of elastic cartilage, while thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid cartilages are made up of hyaline cartilage.

3. Gaseous exchange occurs in ______
a) bronchial tree
b) respiratory tree
c) trachea
d) larynx
Answer: b
Clarification: Gaseous exchange occurs in respiratory tree, while it is absent in bronchial tree. Respiratory tree is also known as exchange zone which which includes respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, atria, alveolar sac and alveoli.

4. Which one of the following is secreted by Pnuemocyte type-II cells?
a) Actin
b) Lecithin
c) Mucous
d) Lysine
Answer: b
Clarification: Pnuemocyte type-I help in gaseous exchange whereas Pnuemocyte type-II secretes lecithin, which act as surfactant and prevents collapsing of alveoli by reducing the surface tension.

5. Human lungs are made up of _____
a) 2 right lobes and 3 left lobes
b) 2 right lobes and 3 left lobes
c) 3 right lobes and 2 left lobes
d) 3 right lobes and 3 left lobes
Answer: c
Clarification: Human lungs are made up of 3 right lobes and 2 left lobes. Right lung includes right anterior lobe, middle lobe, right posterior lobe. Left lung is made up of left anterior and left posterior lobe.

6. External nostrils → vestibules → nasal chambers → internal nares → naso pharynx → X → larynx → trachea. What is X?
a) Glottis
b) Alveoli
c) Atria
d) Bronchi
Answer: a
Clarification: Glottis is a part of respiratory passage and it opens into larynx. Near the glottis is a flap like structure called epiglottis. At the time of swallowing of food this flap covers the glottis to prevent the entry of food particles into it.

7. In the trachea _____ ‘C’ shaped cartilagenous rings are present.
a) 5-10
b) 10-15
c) 16-20
d) 20-25
Answer: c
Clarification: In the trachea 16-20 ‘C’ shaped cartilagenous rings are present which prevent the trachea from collapsing. These rings are c shaped in order to allow easy passage of food through oesophagus.

8. Diaphragm increases volume of thoracic cavity in _________
a) dorsal-ventral axis
b) anterior posterior axis
c) lateral regions
d) side ways
Answer: b
Clarification: Radial muscles are present in diaphgram. By the contraction in these muscles, diaphragm becomes flattened in shape, so, volume of thoracic cavity increases in anterior posterior axis.

9. Alveoli is derived from the__________
a) endoderm
b) ectoderm
c) mesoderm
d) ecto-mesoderm
Answer: a
Clarification: Endoderm is one of the primary germ layers of embryo. It gives rise to epithelium of pharynx including the eustachian tube, the tonsils, the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and thymus gland; the larynx, trachea, and lungs; GIT, the urinary bladder, the vagina, and urethra. Alveoli is derived from the endoderm of the embryo.

10. In which part of lungs gaseous exchange takes place in human?
a) Trachea & alveolar duct
b) Trachea & bronchi
c) Alveolar duct & alveoli
d) Alveoli & Trachea
Answer: c
Clarification: whole passage is divided into two parts one is conducting region and other is respiratory region. Conducting zone do not play any role in exchange of gases but respiratory zone does. Alveolar duct & alveoli are the part of respiratory tree and are involved in gaseous exchange.

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250+ TOP MCQs on Human Excretory System and Answers

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Human Excretory System – 2”.

1. Which of the following structure encloses glomerulus?
a) Bowman’s capsule
b) Medullary pyramids
c) Cortex
d) Renal capsule
Answer: a
Clarification: The renal tubule, Bowman’s capsule encloses the glomerulus. Bowman’s capsule is a double-walled cup-like structure. Glomerulus along with Bowman’s capsule is called a Malpighian body. The inner wall of Bowman’s capsule consists of a special type of cells known as podocytes.

2. What is the full form of PCT?
a) Proximal Coronary Tube
b) Proximal Convoluted Tubule
c) Proximal Carotid Tube
d) Part Covering Thymus
Answer: b
Clarification: PCT stands for Proximal Convoluted Tubule. The renal corpuscle continues further to form a highly coiled network of PCT. Brush bordered cuboidal epithelium is present in PCT.

3. Which of the following is succeeded by PCT?
a) Henle’s loop
b) Glomerulus
c) DCT
d) Collecting duct
Answer: a
Clarification: The highly coiled proximal convoluted tubule leads to a hairpin shaped Henle’s loop which has a descending and an ascending limb. The ascending limb continues further to another tubule.

4. Where do the DCTs of nephrons open into?
a) PCT
b) Henle’s loop
c) Conducting duct
d) Glomerulus
Answer: c
Clarification: The ascending limb of Henle’s loop continues as another highly coiled tubular region called distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The DCTs of many nephrons open into a straight tube called collecting duct, many of which converge and open into the renal pelvis through medullary pyramids in the calyces.

5. Which of the following is not situated in the cortical region of the kidney?
a) PCT
b) DCT
c) Malpighian corpuscle
d) Loop of Henle
Answer: d
Clarification: The loop of Henle is not situated in the cortical regions of the kidney as it is that part of renal tubule which dips into the medulla. The Malpighian corpuscle, PCT, and DCT are some parts of the nephron which are situated in the cortical regions of the kidney.

6. In the majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle is too large.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: In the majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle is too short and extends to a very little extent into the medulla. Such nephrons are called cortical nephrons.

7. Where do the juxtamedullary nephrons dip?
a) Medullary pyramids
b) Calyces
c) Deep in the medulla
d) Renal pelvis
Answer: c
Clarification: In some of the nephrons in the kidney, the loop of Henle is very long and runs deep into the medulla. These nephrons dipping into the medullary region are known as juxtamedullary nephrons.

8. The peritubular capillaries emerge from which of the following?
a) Efferent arteriole
b) Afferent arteriole
c) Henle’s loop
d) Renal artery
Answer: a
Clarification: The peritubular capillaries emerge from the efferent arteriole which initially emerges out of glomerulus. This arteriole forms a fine capillary network around the renal tubule which is known as peritubular capillaries. These capillaries further surround the loop of Henle.

9. Which of the following runs parallel to the Henle’s loop?
a) Renal artery
b) Renal vein
c) Vasa recta
d) Ureters
Answer: c
Clarification: A minute vessel of peritubular capillaries run parallel to the Henle’s loop forming a U shaped vasa recta. Vasa recta are absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons.

10. What does the question mark in the given figure represents?

a) Afferent arteriole
b) Efferent arteriole
c) Glomerulus
d) Bowman’s capsule
Answer: d
Clarification: The question mark represents Bowman’s capsule. The complete labelling of the given figure as shown below:

The given diagram represents a Malpighian body or a renal corpuscle.

11. The kidney is retroperitoneal.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The kidney is retroperitoneal because it is attached to peritoneum on the ventral side. The dorsal surface of the kidney is attached to the dorsal abdominal wall, so only its ventral surface is covered by the peritoneum.

12. Which of the following prevents the backflow of urine?
a) Valves
b) Muscles
c) Urinary sphincter
d) Oblique opening of ureters
Answer: d
Clarification: Both the ureters that emerge out of the kidneys, open through separate oblique openings into the urinary bladder. The oblique openings of these ureters prevent the backflow of urine.

13. Which of the following vessels carry blood with minimum urea?
a) Renal artery
b) Renal vein
c) Hepatic vein
d) Hepatic portal vein
Answer: b
Clarification: Renal vein carries the blood with a minimum amount of urea while hepatic vein carries the blood having a maximum amount of urea.

14. The outer layer of Bowman’s capsule is made up of which of the following epithelium?
a) Squamous epithelium
b) Transitional epithelium
c) Cuboidal epithelium
d) Columnar epithelium
Answer: a
Clarification: The outer layer of the Bowman’s capsule is lined by the squamous epithelium while the inner layer has podocytes with filtration slits. Transitional epithelium is present in ureters, renal pelvis, and urinary bladder.

15. Juxta-medullary nephrons constitute what percentage of the total nephrons?
a) 80%
b) 50%
c) 15-20%
d) 75-95%
Answer: c
Clarification: Juxta-medullary nephrons constitute about 15-20% of the total nephrons. These nephrons have long Henle’s loop. Vasa recta are present. These nephrons work in stressful conditions.

250+ TOP MCQs on Human Neural System and Answers

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Human Neural System”.

1. Based on which of the following, the neurons are divided into three major types?
a) Based on the size of neurons
b) Based on the length of neurons
c) Based on the number of axons and dendrites
d) Based on the power of their division
Answer: c
Clarification: Based on the number of axons and dendrites, the neurons are divided into three major types:
i. Multipolar neurons-with one axon and two or more dendrites
ii. Bipolar-with one axon and one Dendrite
iii. Unipolar-cell body with one axon only.

2. Which of the following cells secrete a myelin sheath?
a) Schwann cells
b) Adipocytes
c) Cartilage cells
d) Bone marrow cells
Answer: a
Clarification: The myelinated nerve fibres are enveloped with Schwann cells, which form a myelin sheath around the axon. The gaps between the two adjacent myelin sheaths are called Nodes of Ranvier.

3. Where are the myelinated neurons found?
a) Only in the embryonic condition
b) In Spinal cord and cranial nerves
c) In peripheral nerve
d) In motor neurons
Answer: b
Clarification: Myelinated nerve fibres are found in spinal and cranial nerves. Unmyelinated nerve fibres are enclosed by a Schwann cell that does not form a myelin sheath around the axon and is commonly found in autonomous and the somatic neural system.

4. How are impulses transmitted from one neuron to another?
a) Through intercellular junctions
b) Through tight junctions
c) Through gap junctions
d) Through synapses
Answer: d
Clarification: A nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another through junctions called synapses. A synapse is formed by the membranes of pre-synaptic and a post-synaptic neuron.

5. There are three types of synapses.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Two types of synapses exist in the human body-electrical and chemical synapses. The transmission of impulse is very fast in electrical synapses as compared to the transmission of impulse in the chemical synapse.

6. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding electrical synapses?
a) Transmission of signals is faster than chemical synapses
b) Pre and postsynaptic membranes are in very close proximity
c) They are very common in our system
d) Electrical synapse can flow directly from one neuron to another
Answer: c
Clarification: Electrical synapses are very rare in our system. At electrical synapses, the membranes of pre and post synaptic neurons are in very close proximity. Impulse transmission across an electrical synapse is always faster than chemical synapse.

7. What is the fluid-filled space known as in chemical synapses?
a) Synaptic cleft
b) Gap junctions
c) Synapse
d) Synaptic vesicles
Answer: a
Clarification: At a chemical synapse, the membranes of the pre-and post-synaptic neurons are separated by a fluid-filled space called the synaptic cleft. Chemicals called neurotransmitters are involved in the transmission of impulse at these synapses.

8. Which of the following is not a feature of the chemical synapse?
a) Slow
b) Common
c) Neurotransmitters
d) Multidirectional
Answer: d
Clarification: The impulse through chemical synapses passes slowly and only in one direction. Unlike electrical synapses, where no neurotransmitters are involved, in chemical synapses neurotransmitters are involved here.

9. Where are the specific receptors of neurotransmitters present?
a) Synaptic cleft
b) Post-synaptic membrane
c) Pre-synaptic membrane
d) Synaptic vesicle
Answer: b
Clarification: The released neurotransmitters bind to their specific receptors which are present on the post-synaptic membrane. The new potential developed may be either excitatory or inhibitory.

10. Which of the following is the central processing organ of our body?
a) Heart
b) Kidney
c) Brain
d) Spinal cord
Answer: c
Clarification: The brain is the central information processing organ of our body and acts as the command and control system. It is the site for processing vision, hearing, speech, memory, intelligence, emotions, and thoughts.

11. Which of the following is not the function of the brain?
a) Thermoregulation
b) Circadian rhythm of our body
c) Voluntary movements
d) Generates heartbeat
Answer: d
Clarification: Our brain controls the voluntary movements, the balance of the body, functioning of vital involuntary organs, thermoregulation, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms of our body, activities of several endocrine glands and human behaviour.

12. The brain can be divided into three major parts.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The brain can be divided into three major parts:
i. Forebrain
ii. Midbrain
iii. Hindbrain
The human brain is well protected by the skull. Inside the skull, the brain is covered by cranial meninges.

13. Which of the following is not a part of the cranial meninges?
a) Dura mater
b) Arachnoid
c) Pia mater
d) Corpus callosum
Answer: d
Clarification: Cranial meninges consist of an outer layer called dura mater, a very thin middle layer called arachnoid and an inner layer which is not in contact with the brain tissue, pia mater.

14. Which of the following is not a part of the forebrain?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Thalamus
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: b
Clarification: The forebrain consists of:
i. Cerebrum
ii. Thalamus
iii. Hypothalamus
The layer of cells which covers the cerebral hemispheres is called the cerebral cortex and is thrown into prominent folds.

15. Which of the following forms the major part of the human brain?
a) Cerebrum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Cerebellum
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: a
Clarification: Cerebrum forms a major part of the human brain. A deep cleft divides the cerebrum longitudinally into two halves, which are termed as the left and the right cerebral hemispheres which are connected by the corpus callosum.

250+ TOP MCQs on Living World – Taxonomic Categories and Answers

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Living World – Taxonomic Categories”.

1. The similarities among the taxa decrease as it becomes more inclusive.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The similarities among the taxa decrease as you go above in the hierarchical classification which becomes more and more inclusive as you go on.

2. The study of relationships among different organisms is called _________
a) Taxonomy
b) Biology
c) Systematics
d) Ornithology
Answer: d
Clarification: Taxonomy is the classification of life forms into different taxa. Biology is the study of life. Systematics is the study of relationships among different organisms. Ornithology is the study of birds.

3. Classes are characterized based on the mode of reproduction, habitat, type of blood in animals.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Animalia is classified into different classes based on their habitat (land/air/ water), mode of reproduction (eggs/ give birth to young ones) and type of blood (cold-blooded/warm-blooded/hot-blooded).

4. Sexual reproduction must involve parents from _________
a) Same kingdom
b) Same phylum
c) Same genus
d) Same species
Answer: d
Clarification: Unlike asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction involves two parent species. Sexual reproduction takes place only when both the parent organisms belong to the same species.

5. Cats and lions belong to the family called ________
a) Canidae
b) Panthera
c) Felidae
d) Mammalia
Answer: c
Clarification: Panthera refers to the genus to which lion, tiger and leopard belong to. Canidae refers to the family to which wolves, dog, jackals and foxes etc. belong to. Felidae is the family to which lion, tiger, leopard and cats etc. belong to. Mammalia is a class of animals which includes all the milk-feeding animals like dogs, cats, humans, bats etc.

6. The action that the environment does on an organism is called ________
a) Response
b) Stimuli
c) Reflex
d) Reaction
Answer: b
Clarification: Every organism responds to the external stimuli that the surrounding has on the organism. For example, a touch me not leaf gets closed when touched and a human being runs away when he sees a lion approaching him.

7. A plant kingdom is further classified into phylum.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The word phylum is particularly used for animal kingdom. A plant kingdom is further classified into divisions. Animals are divided into 2 phyla (vertebrata and non-vertebrata) whereas plants into 2 divisions (Cryptogams and Spermatophytes).

8. Animal kingdom is classified into different phyla based on ____________
a) Type of blood they have
b) The presence or absence of vertebral column.
c) Place they live
d) Food they eat on
Answer: b
Clarification: Animal kingdom is divided into Vertebrata and Non-vertebrata based on the presence or absence of vertebral column. Plants are divided into Cryptogams and Spermatophytes.

9. Pick the odd one out.
a) Humans
b) Cats
c) Ape
d) Monkey
Answer: b
Clarification: Humans, ape and monkey belong to the order Primata whereas cats, lion, dogs, tigers belong to the order called Carnivora. But all of the above animals belong to the class of Mammalia.

10. Bats belong to the class ________
a) Chiroptera
b) Mammalia
c) Scrotifera
d) Chordata
Answer: b
Clarification: Bats belong to the order of Chiroptera, class of Mammalia, clade of Scrotifera and phylum of Chordate. Human beings also belong to the class of mammalian.

11. Scientific name of housefly is _________
a) Musca domestica
b) Eurycotis floridana
c) Oryctolagus cuniculus
d) Anopheles albimanus
Answer: a
Clarification: Musca domestica (Housefly) (Species: Domestica; Genus: Musca); Eurycotis floridana (Spider) (Species: Floridana; Genus: Eurycotis); Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) (Species: Cuniculus; Genus: Oryctolagus); Anopheles albimanus (Mosquito) (Species: Albimanus; Genus: Anopheles).

12. Potato, Tomato and Brinjal belong to the order called ______________
a) Solanum
b) Solanaceae
c) Convolvulacae
d) Polymonioles
Answer: d
Clarification: Potato, Tomato and Brinjal belong to the genus Solanum, family Solanaceae and order Polymonioles. Plant families like Convolvulacae are also included in the order of Polymonioles.

13. Orders are grouped to form a __________
a) Family
b) Genus
c) Class
d) Phylum
Answer: c
Clarification: Genus includes all the related species. Related genera constitute a family. Related families constitute an order. Related orders constitute a class. Related classes constitute a phylum. Related phyla constitute a kingdom.

14. German Shepherd, Chihuahua, Pug, Basenji belongs to ___________
a) Same species
b) Same genus
c) Same family
d) Same class
Answer: a
Clarification: German Shepherd, Chihuahua, Pug, Poodle, Beagle, Basenji are different breeds of dog. Irrespective of the breed of the dog they belong to the same species i.e. Lupus Familaris.

250+ TOP MCQs on Plant Kingdom – Bryophytes-1 and Answers

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Plant Kingdom – Bryophytes-1”.

1. Why are bryophyte called plant amphibians?
a) Because they grow in water during summer and on land in winter
b) Because they grow on land but water is necessary for them to reproduce
c) Because they grow in water during first half of the year and on land in the second half of the year
d) Because they grow in water in north part of world and on land in southern part of the world
Answer: a
Clarification: Bryophytes are called as plant amphibians. Although they can manage to grow on land in normal conditions, water is essential for them to transmit male gametes to female gamete in order to facilitate reproduction.

2. Bryophytes are thalloid like structures and don’t have true roots, stems and leaves.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Bryophytes are thalloid like structures and have virtual roots, stems and leaves. Although their distinction is better than that of Thallophytes, they are still thalloid like structures.

3. Which among the following is an incorrect statement?
a) Bryophytes prevent soil erosion
b) Bryophytes decompose rocks and make soil fertile
c) Bryophytes are used in packing materials and are also good fuel
d) Bryophytes don’t absorb water and are used to pack food materials
Answer: d
Clarification: Bryophytes hold soil firmly and therefore prevent soil erosion. Bryophytes decompose barren rocks and make soil fertile. Bryophytes are used as packing materials and as good fuel. Bryophytes are good absorbers of water and can’t be used for packing of food materials.

4. Bryophytes are erect with hair like structures called as ________
a) Rhizoids
b) Stipe
c) Seta
d) Foot
Answer: a
Clarification: Bryophytes are erect with hair like structures called rhizoids. Rhizoids anchor bryophytes to the soil and help in transfer of nutrients from soil to the thallus. They are also called virtual roots of bryophytes.

5. Which among the following are incorrect?
a) Bryophytes are sub-classified into liverworts and mosses
b) Bryophytes are mostly found in dry hilly areas
c) Bryophytes don’t contain vascular tissues to transmit water and therefore don’t grow tall
d) Bryophytes follow cryptogamae
Answer: b
Clarification: Bryophytes are sub-classified into liverworts and mosses. Bryophytes are mostly found in moist hilly areas. Bryophytes don’t contain vascular tissues to transmit water and therefore don’t grow tall. Bryophytes follow cryptogamae.

6. The female sex organs in bryophytes are called as ________
a) Antheridium
b) Archegonium
c) Basiogonium
d) Thallogonium
Answer: b
Clarification: The female sex organs in bryophytes are called archegonium and they produce female gamete called egg. The male sex organ is called antheridium and produce male gametes called antherozoids.

7. What is the main difference between mosses and liverworts?
a) Moses contain vascular tissue which are absent in liverworts
b) Mosses contain an intermediary stage called protonema which is absent in liverworts
c) Mosses grow taller which is not the case with liverworts
d) Mosses contain special bodies called sporophytes that are absent in liverworts
Answer: b
Clarification: Mosses grow into an intermediary stage from spores called protonema after which they grow into leafy like thallus. Whereas, in liverworts this intermediary stage is absent i.e. the spores develop into thallus without protonema.

8. Which among the following is not an asexual mode in bryophytes?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Gemmae
d) Sporophyte formation
Answer: c
Clarification: In fragmentation, leaves/ stems fall off accidently and grow to form new individuals. Budding is a process in which an outgrowth develops and splits from the parent thallus to produce new individual. Thallus has structures called gemmae cups that contain gemmae which in turn reproduce to form new individual. Sporophyte develops from a developed embryo and results in the formation of spores. Therefore, sporophyte formation is a sexual process that involves two gametes.

9. Which among the following is incorrect?
a) Most of the leafy liverworts resemble mosses in their structure
b) Liverworts contain oil bodies that are absent in mosses
c) Moses contain lobes in their leaves whereas leafy liverworts don’t
d) In mosses, leaves are spirally arranged but in leafy liverworts leaves grow in two or three rows
Answer: c
Clarification: Most of the leafy liverworts resemble mosses in their structure. Leafy liverworts contain oil bodies that are absent in mosses. Leafy liverworts contain lobes in their leaves whereas don’t mosses. In mosses, leaves are spirally arranged but in leafy liverworts leaves grow in two or three rows.

10. Sphagnum belongs to _______
a) Leafy liverworts
b) Mosses
c) Thallose liverworts
d) Thallophytes
Answer: b
Clarification: Sphagnum belongs to bryophytes and to the sub-classification of mosses. Sphagnum has a very good commercial importance and is used in the packing of cookery and glass materials.

250+ TOP MCQs on Flowering Plants Morphology – Root-1 and Answers

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Flowering Plants Morphology – Root-1”.

1. Which among the following is incorrect about the root?
a) Radicle grows to form a primary root inside the soil
b) From the primary roots grows the secondary roots from lateral surfaces
c) Most of the monocotyledons adopt tap root system
d) Adventitious roots are present in Banyan tree
Answer: b
Clarification: Radicle grows to form a primary root inside the soil. Radicle grows to form a primary root inside the soil. Most of the dicotyledons adopt tap root system. Adventitious roots are present in Banyan tree.

2. Which among the following is an incorrect statement about root?
a) The root is covered at the end by a thimble like structure called root cap
b) Meristematic tissue helps in the growth of plants
c) Mersistematic cells when mature forms the so called growing cells
d) Root hairs increase the surface area which helps in increasing the levels of water absorption
Answer: c
Clarification: The root is covered at the end by a thimble like structure called root cap. Meristematic tissue helps in the growth of plants. Meristematic cells when mature form the so called permanent cells. Root hairs increase the surface area which helps in increasing the levels of water absorption.

3. Which among the following is incorrect about the modifications in roots?
a) Roots undergo modifications to perform conduction of water and minerals
b) Prop roots help in anchoring banyan tree to the ground
c) Pneumatophores are present in maize and sugar cane that help them to respire easily
d) Tap roots in turnip and carrot store food in their roots
Answer: c
Clarification: Roots undergo modifications to perform conduction of water and minerals. Prop roots help in anchoring banyan tree to the ground. Pneumatophores are present in Rhizopora that help them to respire easily. Tap roots in turnip and carrot store food in their roots.

4. The word morphology means ___________
a) Study of structure
b) Study of bones
c) Study of change
d) Study of skin
Answer: a
Clarification: The word morphology derives its origin from Greek which means study of structure. Morphology is a branch of biology that deals with the structure of living organisms and the relationship between their structures.

5. Which among the following is incorrect about shoot system?
a) The portion of a plant that grows above the soil is called shoot system
b) Aerial roots are a part of shoot system
c) Shoot system comprises of leaves, branches, flowers and fruits
d) The shoot system develops from plumule
Answer: b
Clarification: The portion of a plant that grows above the soil is called shoot system. Aerial roots are a part of shoot system. Shoot system comprises of leaves, branches, flowers and fruits. The shoot system develops from plumule.

6. Fibrous roots are present in monocotyledons.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: There are mainly two kinds of roots, namely, tap root and fibrous root. Tap root are present in most of the dicotyledons whereas fibrous roots are present in monocotyledons.

7. Which among the following is incorrect about tap root and fibrous root?
a) Tap root grows deep into the soil
b) Fibrous root grows laterally
c) In fibrous root system, one primary root and more than one secondary root is present
d) Most of the dicotyledons adopt tap root system
Answer: c
Clarification: Tap root grows deep into the soil. Fibrous root grows laterally in the soil. In tap root system, one primary root and more than one secondary root is present. Most of the dicotyledons adopt tap root system.

8. Which among the following is incorrect about root system in carrot?
a) In carrot, roots are edible
b) They adopt fibrous root system
c) Turnip and beetroot also adopt the same type of root system
d) In this root system, one primary root present grows deep into soil and many secondary roots grow along the sides of the primary roots
Answer: b
Clarification: In carrot, roots are edible. They adopt fibrous root system. Turnip and beetroot also adopt the same type of root system. In this root system, one primary root present grows deep into soil and many secondary roots grow along the sides of the primary roots.

9. Which among the following is incorrect about adventitious root system?
a) Adventitious roots when buried in soil grows into new roots
b) These roots provide additional anchoring to a plant
c) These are the roots that grow from parts that are other than the radicle
d) Adventitious roots are present in Turnip
Answer: d
Clarification: Adventitious roots when buried in soil grow into new roots. These roots provide additional anchoring to a plant. These are the roots that grow from parts that are other than the radicle. Adventitious roots are present in banyan tree.

10. Grass contains adventitious roots.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Adventitious roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle. Both banyan tree and grass adopt adventitious roots that grow from various parts of the plant other than the radicle.