Category: Class 11 Biology Objective Questions

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Plant Kingdom – Bryophytes-1”.

1. Why are bryophyte called plant amphibians?
a) Because they grow in water during summer and on land in winter
b) Because they grow on land but water is necessary for them to reproduce
c) Because they grow in water during first half of the year and on land in the second half of the year
d) Because they grow in water in north part of world and on land in southern part of the world
Answer: a
Clarification: Bryophytes are called as plant amphibians. Although they can manage to grow on land in normal conditions, water is essential for them to transmit male gametes to female gamete in order to facilitate reproduction.

2. Bryophytes are thalloid like structures and don’t have true roots, stems and leaves.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Bryophytes are thalloid like structures and have virtual roots, stems and leaves. Although their distinction is better than that of Thallophytes, they are still thalloid like structures.

3. Which among the following is an incorrect statement?
a) Bryophytes prevent soil erosion
b) Bryophytes decompose rocks and make soil fertile
c) Bryophytes are used in packing materials and are also good fuel
d) Bryophytes don’t absorb water and are used to pack food materials
Answer: d
Clarification: Bryophytes hold soil firmly and therefore prevent soil erosion. Bryophytes decompose barren rocks and make soil fertile. Bryophytes are used as packing materials and as good fuel. Bryophytes are good absorbers of water and can’t be used for packing of food materials.

4. Bryophytes are erect with hair like structures called as ________
a) Rhizoids
b) Stipe
c) Seta
d) Foot
Answer: a
Clarification: Bryophytes are erect with hair like structures called rhizoids. Rhizoids anchor bryophytes to the soil and help in transfer of nutrients from soil to the thallus. They are also called virtual roots of bryophytes.

5. Which among the following are incorrect?
a) Bryophytes are sub-classified into liverworts and mosses
b) Bryophytes are mostly found in dry hilly areas
c) Bryophytes don’t contain vascular tissues to transmit water and therefore don’t grow tall
d) Bryophytes follow cryptogamae
Answer: b
Clarification: Bryophytes are sub-classified into liverworts and mosses. Bryophytes are mostly found in moist hilly areas. Bryophytes don’t contain vascular tissues to transmit water and therefore don’t grow tall. Bryophytes follow cryptogamae.

6. The female sex organs in bryophytes are called as ________
a) Antheridium
b) Archegonium
c) Basiogonium
d) Thallogonium
Answer: b
Clarification: The female sex organs in bryophytes are called archegonium and they produce female gamete called egg. The male sex organ is called antheridium and produce male gametes called antherozoids.

7. What is the main difference between mosses and liverworts?
a) Moses contain vascular tissue which are absent in liverworts
b) Mosses contain an intermediary stage called protonema which is absent in liverworts
c) Mosses grow taller which is not the case with liverworts
d) Mosses contain special bodies called sporophytes that are absent in liverworts
Answer: b
Clarification: Mosses grow into an intermediary stage from spores called protonema after which they grow into leafy like thallus. Whereas, in liverworts this intermediary stage is absent i.e. the spores develop into thallus without protonema.

8. Which among the following is not an asexual mode in bryophytes?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Gemmae
d) Sporophyte formation
Answer: c
Clarification: In fragmentation, leaves/ stems fall off accidently and grow to form new individuals. Budding is a process in which an outgrowth develops and splits from the parent thallus to produce new individual. Thallus has structures called gemmae cups that contain gemmae which in turn reproduce to form new individual. Sporophyte develops from a developed embryo and results in the formation of spores. Therefore, sporophyte formation is a sexual process that involves two gametes.

9. Which among the following is incorrect?
a) Most of the leafy liverworts resemble mosses in their structure
b) Liverworts contain oil bodies that are absent in mosses
c) Moses contain lobes in their leaves whereas leafy liverworts don’t
d) In mosses, leaves are spirally arranged but in leafy liverworts leaves grow in two or three rows
Answer: c
Clarification: Most of the leafy liverworts resemble mosses in their structure. Leafy liverworts contain oil bodies that are absent in mosses. Leafy liverworts contain lobes in their leaves whereas don’t mosses. In mosses, leaves are spirally arranged but in leafy liverworts leaves grow in two or three rows.

10. Sphagnum belongs to _______
a) Leafy liverworts
b) Mosses
c) Thallose liverworts
d) Thallophytes
Answer: b
Clarification: Sphagnum belongs to bryophytes and to the sub-classification of mosses. Sphagnum has a very good commercial importance and is used in the packing of cookery and glass materials.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Flowering Plants Morphology – Root-1”.

1. Which among the following is incorrect about the root?
a) Radicle grows to form a primary root inside the soil
b) From the primary roots grows the secondary roots from lateral surfaces
c) Most of the monocotyledons adopt tap root system
d) Adventitious roots are present in Banyan tree
Answer: b
Clarification: Radicle grows to form a primary root inside the soil. Radicle grows to form a primary root inside the soil. Most of the dicotyledons adopt tap root system. Adventitious roots are present in Banyan tree.

2. Which among the following is an incorrect statement about root?
a) The root is covered at the end by a thimble like structure called root cap
b) Meristematic tissue helps in the growth of plants
c) Mersistematic cells when mature forms the so called growing cells
d) Root hairs increase the surface area which helps in increasing the levels of water absorption
Answer: c
Clarification: The root is covered at the end by a thimble like structure called root cap. Meristematic tissue helps in the growth of plants. Meristematic cells when mature form the so called permanent cells. Root hairs increase the surface area which helps in increasing the levels of water absorption.

3. Which among the following is incorrect about the modifications in roots?
a) Roots undergo modifications to perform conduction of water and minerals
b) Prop roots help in anchoring banyan tree to the ground
c) Pneumatophores are present in maize and sugar cane that help them to respire easily
d) Tap roots in turnip and carrot store food in their roots
Answer: c
Clarification: Roots undergo modifications to perform conduction of water and minerals. Prop roots help in anchoring banyan tree to the ground. Pneumatophores are present in Rhizopora that help them to respire easily. Tap roots in turnip and carrot store food in their roots.

4. The word morphology means ___________
a) Study of structure
b) Study of bones
c) Study of change
d) Study of skin
Answer: a
Clarification: The word morphology derives its origin from Greek which means study of structure. Morphology is a branch of biology that deals with the structure of living organisms and the relationship between their structures.

5. Which among the following is incorrect about shoot system?
a) The portion of a plant that grows above the soil is called shoot system
b) Aerial roots are a part of shoot system
c) Shoot system comprises of leaves, branches, flowers and fruits
d) The shoot system develops from plumule
Answer: b
Clarification: The portion of a plant that grows above the soil is called shoot system. Aerial roots are a part of shoot system. Shoot system comprises of leaves, branches, flowers and fruits. The shoot system develops from plumule.

6. Fibrous roots are present in monocotyledons.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: There are mainly two kinds of roots, namely, tap root and fibrous root. Tap root are present in most of the dicotyledons whereas fibrous roots are present in monocotyledons.

7. Which among the following is incorrect about tap root and fibrous root?
a) Tap root grows deep into the soil
b) Fibrous root grows laterally
c) In fibrous root system, one primary root and more than one secondary root is present
d) Most of the dicotyledons adopt tap root system
Answer: c
Clarification: Tap root grows deep into the soil. Fibrous root grows laterally in the soil. In tap root system, one primary root and more than one secondary root is present. Most of the dicotyledons adopt tap root system.

8. Which among the following is incorrect about root system in carrot?
a) In carrot, roots are edible
b) They adopt fibrous root system
c) Turnip and beetroot also adopt the same type of root system
d) In this root system, one primary root present grows deep into soil and many secondary roots grow along the sides of the primary roots
Answer: b
Clarification: In carrot, roots are edible. They adopt fibrous root system. Turnip and beetroot also adopt the same type of root system. In this root system, one primary root present grows deep into soil and many secondary roots grow along the sides of the primary roots.

9. Which among the following is incorrect about adventitious root system?
a) Adventitious roots when buried in soil grows into new roots
b) These roots provide additional anchoring to a plant
c) These are the roots that grow from parts that are other than the radicle
d) Adventitious roots are present in Turnip
Answer: d
Clarification: Adventitious roots when buried in soil grow into new roots. These roots provide additional anchoring to a plant. These are the roots that grow from parts that are other than the radicle. Adventitious roots are present in banyan tree.

10. Grass contains adventitious roots.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Adventitious roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle. Both banyan tree and grass adopt adventitious roots that grow from various parts of the plant other than the radicle.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Animals – Organs and Organ System – 1”.

1. Which of the following is a common Indian earthworm?
a) Pheretima
b) Periplaneta
c) Blatta
d) Hirudina
Answer: a
Clarification: The common Indian earthworms are Pheretima and Lumbricus. The earthworm is a reddish-brown terrestrial invertebrate that inhabits the upper layer of the moist soil.

2. How can we trace earthworms?
a) Colour
b) Smell
c) Predator
d) Worm castings
Answer: d
Clarification: During day time, earthworms live in burrows made by burrowing and swallowing the soil. In the gardens, they can be traced by their faecal deposits known as worm castings.

3. How can we distinguish the ventral surface of the earthworm by their dorsal surface?
a) Presence of setae
b) Presence of hair
c) Presence of genital pores
d) Presence of oil glands
Answer: c
Clarification: The ventral surface of the body of the earthworm can be distinguished by the dorsal surface by the presence of genital openings or pores. The genital openings in the earthworm help in cross-fertilisation and pores help in removal of the wastes generated in the body.

4. In how many regions, is the body of earthworm divisible?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c
Clarification: The body of the earthworm is divisible into three prominent regions-
i. Preclitellar segment
ii. Clitellar segment
iii. Postclitellar segment.

5. Segments 18-19 are called as clitellar segments.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The first body segment is called as the peristomium which contains the mouth. In a mature worm, segments 14-16 are covered by a prominent dark band of glandular tissue called the clitellum.

6. How many spermathecal apertures are present in an earthworm?
a) Two
b) Four
c) Six
d) Eight
Answer: d
Clarification: Four pairs or eight spermathecal apertures are situated on the ventrolateral sides of the intersegmental grooves, i.e., 5-9 segments. A single female genital pore is present in the mid-ventral line of 14^th segment.

7. In which of the following segments, setae are present?
a) First segment
b) Second segment
c) Clitellar segments
d) Last segment
Answer: b
Clarification: In each body segment, except the first, last and clitellum, there are rows of S-shaped setae, embedded in the epidermal pits in the middle of each segment. Setae can be extended or retracted. Their principal role is in locomotion.

8. The body wall of an earthworm is made up of how many muscle layers?
a) One
b) Three
c) Two
d) Five
Answer: c
Clarification: The body wall of the earthworm is covered externally by a thin non – cellular cuticle below which is the epidermis, two muscle layers – circular and longitudinal and an innermost coelomic epithelium.

9. What is the characteristic feature of the intestine of an earthworm?
a) Setae
b) Clitellum
c) Glans
d) Typhlosole
Answer: d
Clarification: The characteristic feature of the intestine of an earthworm is the presence of internal median fold of dorsal wall called typhlosole. Typhlosole helps in increasing the effective area of absorption for food and minerals. These structures are present after the 26^th segment except for the last 23^rd-25^th segments.

10. Earthworm consists of an open type of circulatory system.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The earthworm exhibits a closed type of blood vascular system, consisting of blood vessels, capillaries and heart. Due to the closed circulatory system, blood is confined to the heart and the blood vessels.

11. In which of the following segments are the blood glands of an earthworm present?
a) 2, 3 and 4
b) 3, 4 and 5
c) 4, 5 and 6
d) 5, 6 and 7
Answer: c
Clarification: In earthworm, blood glands are present on the 4^th, 5^th and 6^th segments. They produce blood cells and haemoglobin which is directly dissolved in blood plasma as their blood does not have any respiratory pigment.

12. How many types of nephridia are present in the earthworm?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c
Clarification: The excretory organs of earthworm occurs as segmentally arranged coiled tubules called nephridia. They are of three types –
i. Septal nephridia
ii. Integumentary nephridia
iii. Pharyngeal nephridia.

13. Which of the following structures represent the nervous system of an earthworm?
a) Ganglia
b) Notochord
c) Vertebral column
d) Brain
Answer: a
Clarification: Nervous system of the earthworm is represented by ganglia arranged segment-wise on the ventral paired nerve cord. The nerve cord on the anterior region bifurcates, laterally encircling the pharynx and joins the cerebral ganglia dorsally to form a nerve ring.

14. What type of fertilization is exhibited by an earthworm?
a) Internal and cross-fertilization
b) External and cross-fertilization
c) Internal and self-fertilization
d) External and self-fertilization
Answer: b
Clarification: The type of fertilization exhibited by earthworm is External and cross-fertilization. Fertilisation and development occur within the cocoons which are deposited in the soil. Development of earthworms is direct, i.e., there is no larva formation.

15. What are earthworms commonly called as?
a) Friends of farmers
b) Souls of farmers
c) Enemies of farmers
d) Gods for the farmers
Answer: a
Clarification: Earthworms are commonly called as friends of farmers because they make burrows in the soil and make it porous which helps in respiration and penetration of the developing plant roots. The process of increasing fertility of the soil by the earthworms is called vermicomposting.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions for NEET Exam on “Biomacromolecules – 2”.

1. Which of the following is a common feature to all the compounds found in the acid-soluble pool?
a) They all are biomacromolecules
b) They have molecular weights greater than 8000 Dalton
c) They have molecular weights in the range of 18-8000 Dalton
d) They have molecular weights in the range of 18-800 Dalton
Answer: d
Clarification: All the biomolecules which are found in the acid-soluble pool have molecular weights in the range of 18-800 Dalton while those biomolecules which are found in acid insoluble pool have molecular weights greater than 10,000 Dalton.

2. Which of the following is an exception to the acid-insoluble fraction?
a) Proteins
b) Lipids
c) Nucleic acids
d) Polysaccharides
Answer: b
Clarification: The acid-insoluble fraction, has only four types of organic compounds, i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipids. These classes of compounds except for lipids have molecular weights in the range of ten thousand Daltons and above.

3. Living organisms are made up of how many types of biomolecules?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Five
Answer: b
Clarification: Biomolecules which are the chemical compounds found in the living organisms are of two types. One, those which have molecular weights less than one thousand Dalton and two which are found in the acid-insoluble fraction.

4. Which of the following is not a polymeric substance?
a) Lipids
b) Nucleic acids
c) Polysaccharides
d) Proteins
Answer: a
Clarification: The molecules in the insoluble fraction except for lipids are polymeric substances, which means that proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides exists as polymeric substances.

5. Which of the following is true about lipids?
a) They have very large molecular weights
b) They are not present in the human body
c) They are present in the cell membrane
d) They are present in the acid-soluble pool
Answer: c
Clarification: Lipids are small molecular weight compounds and are present not only as such but are also arranged into structures like cell membrane and other membranes. They are present in the acid-insoluble pool.

6. Lipids are strictly macromolecules.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Lipids are not strictly macromolecules. Cell membrane and other membranes are broken into pieces, and form vesicles which are not water-soluble. As they are not water soluble they don’t get dissolved in the acid soluble pool and hence get separated along with the macromolecular fraction which is also known as acid-insoluble pool.

7. What does the acid-soluble pool represent?
a) Protoplasmic content
b) DNA content
c) Genetic material
d) Cytoplasmic content
Answer: d
Clarification: The acid-soluble pool represents roughly the cytoplasmic composition. The macromolecules from the cytoplasm and the organelles become the acid-insoluble fraction.

8. Which of the following is the most abundant chemical in the living organisms?
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Water
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: c
Clarification: Water is the most abundant chemical in living organisms. It comprises about 70-90% of the total cellular mass. Proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids comprise for about 10-15%, 3% and 5-7% of the total cellular mass respectively.

9. Which of the following protein is an enzyme?
a) Trypsin
b) Insulin
c) Collagen
d) Antibody
Answer: a
Clarification: Trypsin is a protein that functions as an enzyme. Insulin, Collagen and Antibodies are also proteins that function as the hormone, intercellular ground substance and fighters of infectious agents respectively.

10. Which of the following bond is present in proteins?
a) Glycosidic bond
b) Ester bonds
c) Peptide bonds
d) Phosphoester bonds
Answer: c
Clarification: Proteins are polypeptides. They are linear chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Each protein is a heteropolymer of amino acids.

11. Which of the following proteins is the source of essential amino acids?
a) Non-dietary proteins
b) Dietary proteins
c) Amino acids
d) Linker proteins
Answer: b
Clarification: Certain amino acids are essential for our health and they have to be supplied through our diet. Hence, dietary proteins are the source of essential amino acids.

12. Glut-4 is a type of enzyme.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Proteins carry out many functions in living organisms. Glut-4 is a type of protein which enables glucose transport into the cells. This transport occurs in the cell membranes.

13. What is the monomeric unit of cellulose?
a) Glycine
b) Glucose
c) Lactose
d) Fructose
Answer: b
Clarification: The most abundant organic compound present in the entire biosphere is cellulose. Cellulose is a polymeric polysaccharide consisting of only one type of monosaccharide i.e., glucose. It is a homopolymer of glucose.

14. Which of the following is the most abundant protein in the animal world.?
a) Collagen
b) RuBisCO
c) Cellulose
d) Lactose
Answer: a
Clarification: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal world. Ribulose bisphosphate Carboxylase-oxygenase is the most abundant protein in the whole of the biosphere.

15. In which of the following organisms, starch is present as a storehouse of energy?
a) Animal
b) Plants
c) Bacteria
d) Mycoplasma
Answer: b
Clarification: Starch is present as a storehouse of energy in the plant tissues. Starch forms helical secondary structures which can hold iodine molecules in the helical portions. Therefore, the starch-iodine is blue.

To practice Biology Multiple Choice Questions for NEET Exam,

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Transportation in Plants”.

1. Vascular bundle is composed of _________
a) xylem
b) phloem
c) both xylem and phloem
d) cambium
Answer: c
Clarification: Vascular bundle is mainly composed of xylem and phloem. There is presence of intra-vascular cambium and inter-vascular cambium in between them in different stages of their life cycle.

2. Which kind of transport is present in xylem?
a) No transport
b) Unidirectional
c) Bidirectional
d) Multidirectional
Answer: b
Clarification: Xylem transports water and minerals in a particular direction from roots to leaves via stem. The movement of phloem is usually bidirectional and sometimes multidirectional.

3. Cytoplasmic streaming is a form of active transport for short distances.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Cytoplasmic streaming aids active transport of substances for short distances. It is a type of symplastic movement and observed in cells of Hydrilla and Tradescantia.

4. Mineral Nutrients are taken up by ________
a) leaves
b) stems
c) branches
d) roots
Answer: d
Clarification: Mineral nutrients are taken up by roots from the soil. It is then passed to the leaves via stem the sink organs such as branches, fruit, seed, embryo etc.

5. Minerals are re-exported by __________
a) leaves
b) stems
c) branches
d) roots
Answer: a
Clarification: Minerals are obtained from the soil by the roots reach the leaves. From the leaves, they are then distributed to different sinks as per requirement of the organs.

6. Who is the Father of Plant Physiology?
a) Stephan Hales
b) Schwendener
c) Melvin Calvin
d) Lipmann
Answer: c
Clarification: Stephan Hales is the Father of Plant Physiology. Schwendener was the first to propose stomatal movements are due to turgor changes in the guard cells. Melvin Calvin received Nobel Prize in 1961 for mapping the pathway of carbon assimilation in photosynthesis. Lipmann is known as the father of ATP Cycle.

7. The theory proposed to explain the mechanism of stomatal movement?
a) The starch-sugar interconversion theory
b) Theory of photosynthesis in guard cell
c) Theory of glycolate metabolism
d) Active potassium transport ion concept
Answer: a
Clarification: Steward in 1964 proposed a modified scheme of inter-conversion of starch and sugar for stomatal movement. Theory of photosynthesis in guard cells was given by Von Mohl in 1856 and proposed that chloroplasts in the guard cells photosynthesize leading to production of sugar. Theory of glycolate metabolism was given by Zelitch in 1963 and he proposed that production of glycolic acid in the guard cells is a necessary factor in stomatal opening. Active Potassium Pump theory was given by Fujino. Levitt & Rashke in 1975 supported the theory of the K+ ion transport active mechanism requires ATP.

8. Plants lose water mainly by the process of _____
a) Guttation
b) Exudation
c) Transpiration
d) Evaporation
Answer: c
Clarification: Transpiration is the major cause of water loss in plants. Evaporation is the second main reason while guttation and exudation are removal of extra water from the plant.

9. Root system in a plant develops well when __________
a) deficiency of copper
b) absorption of water increases
c) deficiency of auxin
d) deficiency of ABA
Answer: b
Clarification: Root system in a plant develops well when absorption of water increases. Deficiency of copper of leads to necrosis. Deficiency of auxin leads to excess differentiation of xylem. Deficiency of ABA leads to non-closure of stomata even during water stress conditions.

10. Water entering roots through diffusion is a ____________
a) endosmosis
b) osmosis
c) passive absorption
d) active absorption
Answer: c
Clarification: Water entering roots through diffusion is a passive absorption. Osmosis requires a presence of semi-permeable membrane which is absent in case of roots and soil. Endosmosis is the process of entry of water inside the guard cells when the DPD inside the cell is higher than the surrounding medium.