Category: Class 12 Biology Objective Questions

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Bioenergy”.

1. Bioenergy is the energy obtained from ________
a) Coal
b) Natural Gas
c) Alcohol
d) Biomass
Answer: d
Clarification: Bioenergy is obtained from biomass. Biomass is the organic matter present in living organisms and their wastes. All the biomass has been produced with the help of solar energy reaching the earth.

2. Which of the following are the types of bioenergy?
a) Animal energy and chemical energy
b) Solar energy and nuclear energy
c) Fossil fuels and solar energy
d) Animal energy and biofuels
Answer: d
Clarification: Bioenergy is the energy obtainable from biological sources i.e. living organisms, their wastes and residues. This includes animal energy and biofuels.

3. Raising crops for the production of ethanol is known as __________
a) energy plantation
b) energy cropping
c) agro-technology
d) biomass production
Answer: b
Clarification: Raising crops for the production of ethanol is known as energy cropping. Fermentation is carried out with the help of Yeast. After fermentation, alcohol is separated through distillation.

4. What is the social forestry?
a) Planting different trees in the same area
b) Greening of hills
c) Raising trees on common village lands
d) Planting trees on river banks
Answer: c
Clarification: Social forestry is the raising and exploitation of small forests on common village lands, roadsides, railway embankments and other vacant lands by groups of people for obtaining their requirements of firewood, fodder and minor timber at very low cost.

5. Pyrolysis of wood yields only yields alcohol.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Pyrolysis of wood yields charcoal, pyroligneous acid, tar, oil, wood alcohol and wood gas. Pyrolysis is heating of wood and waste wood to high temperature in the absence of air.

6. Which of the following options include energy crops.
a) Sugarcane, Potato and Tomato
b) Sugarcane, Tapioca and Cauliflower
c) Sugarcane, Potato and Tapioca
d) Millets, Banana and Tomato
Answer: c
Clarification: The various energy crops include Sugarcane, Sugar beet, Potato, Tapioca and Maize. Energy crops can be used to produce alcohol and other energy fuels.

7. Which wood is more suitable for fuel?
a) Lightwood
b) High calorific value
c) Springwood
d) Less combustible
Answer: b
Clarification: Wood most suitable for fuel should be highly combustible. It should be hard and it should have a high calorific value. It should burn with good flame and sufficient heat.

8. Producer gas is obtained through the process of _________
a) fermentation
b) carbonisation
c) combustion
d) pyrolysis
Answer: c
Clarification: Producer gas is obtained through the process of combustion. It is used as an industrial fuel, in running certain engines including irrigation sets and manufacture of ammonia.

9. Hydrocarbons were first isolated from plant latex by __________
a) Newton
b) Calvin
c) Krebs
d) Meyerhof
Answer: b
Clarification: Hydrocarbons were first isolated from plant latex by Melvin Calvin. Utilising petroleum plants for energy cropping was also suggest by Melvin Calvin.

10. Fuelwood is _______
a) waste
b) renewable source of energy
c) non-renewable source of energy
d) source of biogas
Answer: b
Clarification: Wood used as a source of energy is called fuelwood. It is a renewable source of energy which can be harvested even by unskilled labours.

11. The first petroplant discovered was ____________
a) Capaifera longsdorfii
b) Euphorbia lathyrus
c) Jatropha
d) Calotropis
Answer: b
Clarification: The first petroplant discovered was Euphorbia lathyrus by Calvin. 100 tonnes of the dry weight of this petroplant can yield 80 tonnes of crude oil and 200 tonnes of fermentable sugars.

12. Charcoal is the commonest source of energy.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Fuelwood is the commonest source of energy because it is used for cooking and heating in all places where purchasing power is low or fossil fuels are not available at cheaper prices.

13. Which of the following processes provide both energy and manure?
a) Burning of fuelwood
b) Pyrolysis of wood
c) Biogas formation
d) Gasification of wood
Answer: c
Clarification: Biogas formation yields manure for two crops in one acre and 2m³ of fuel gas having 9000 kcal of energy with useful one being 2700 kcal and at 30% burning efficiency.

14. Which of the following is not organic waste?
a) Animal wastes
b) Agricultural wastes
c) Forest residues
d) Radioactive wastes
Answer: d
Clarification: Radioactive wastes are not organic wastes. Organic wastes include animal wastes, human wastes, agricultural wastes, crop residues, forest residues, aquatic weeds, etc.

15. Which of the following options does not include bad fuelwood?
a) Mangifera
b) Bombax
c) Michelia
d) Dalbergia
Answer: d
Clarification: Good fuel or firewood include the woods of Acacia, Albizzia, Dalbergia, Adina, Terminalia, Casuarina, Quercus, etc. Bad fire or fuelwood include the woods of Pinus, Mangifera, Bombax, Michelia, etc.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Biotechnology – Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology – 1”.

1. The nucleic acid in most of the organisms is ______
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) proteins
d) lipids
Answer: a
Clarification: Most of the organisms consist of DNA as their genetic material. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the hereditary material of most of the humans and almost all animals (exception-some viruses). It is double-stranded and is more stable than RNA.

2. The bacterial cells can be lysed by using ______ enzyme.
a) protease
b) lysozyme
c) lipase
d) cellulase
Answer: b
Clarification: The enzyme used for breaking or lysis of bacterial cells is lysozyme. It helps in the breakdown of carbohydrates found in a bacterial cell. It is also found in tears.

3. The plant cells can be lysed by using ______ enzyme.
a) lipase
b) chitinase
c) ligase
d) cellulase
Answer: d
Clarification: Cellulase is the enzyme used for the lysis of plant cells. It catalyzes cellulolysis, which is the breakdown of cellulose. Cellulase acts on the glycosidic linkages of cellulose. Cellulose is mostly found in plant cell walls along with other components.

4. The fungal cells can be lysed by using ______ enzyme.
a) lysozyme
b) cellulase
c) chitinase
d) lipase
Answer: c
Clarification: The fungal cell wall consists of chitin as the major component. Chitinase is the enzyme used for the breakdown of chitin. This enzyme breaks down the glycosidic bonds present in the chitin. This enzyme is usually produced by higher plants for their protection.

5. The enzyme which cleaves DNA is _______
a) ligase
b) lipase
c) DNase
d) RNase
Answer: c
Clarification: The enzyme which cleaves DNA is DNase. It catalyzes the breakdown of phosphodiester linkages of DNA. It is a type of endonuclease. Ligases are the enzymes used in the joining of two strands.

6. The restriction enzyme needs to be in _____ form to cut the DNA.
a) impure
b) pure
c) mixed
d) hybrid
Answer: b
Clarification: The restriction enzyme needs to be in pure form to cut the DNA. The restriction enzymes are molecular scissors that cleave the DNA at specific recognition sites. Restriction enzymes are also known as restriction endonucleases or restrictase.

7. Which macromolecules are present along with DNA within the cell?
a) Viruses
b) Bacteria
c) Vectors, organelles
d) Lipids, polysaccharides
Answer: d
Clarification: Along with DNA the cell also consists of various macromolecules such as lipids, RNA, polysaccharides. A macromolecule is a large molecule that is formed by polymerization of monomers. A macromolecule consists of more than 100 monomers.

8. ______ is a monomer of lipids.
a) Amino acid
b) Monosaccharide
c) Fatty acids
d) Sugar
Answer: c
Clarification: Lipid is a macromolecule made up of fatty acids and glycerol. A fatty acid consists of carboxylic acid along with an aliphatic chain. This chain can be saturated (single bond) or unsaturated (double or triple bonds).

9. ______ is the monomer of proteins.
a) Monosaccharide
b) Fatty acids
c) Amino acid
d) Glycerol
Answer: c
Clarification: Amino acid is the monomer of proteins. These are organic compounds that join together to form peptides which further join together to form proteins. Two amino acids join together with the help of a peptide bond.

10. _______ is the building block of carbohydrates.
a) Monosaccharide
b) Amino acid
c) Glycerol
d) Fatty acids
Answer: a
Clarification: Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides. It is the sugar that cannot be hydrolyzed further. They come together to form a disaccharide which further goes on forming a carbohydrate. They are the major source of energy for living beings.

11. The enzyme which cleaves RNA is _______
a) DNase
b) ribonuclease
c) ligase
d) protease
Answer: b
Clarification: Ribonuclease is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the cleavage of RNA. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid. It is also known as RNase. It also cleaves the DNA-RNA hybrids.

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “Organism and its Environment – 1”.

1. Who is revered as Father of Ecology in India?
a) Ramdeo Misra
b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
c) Verghese Kurien
d) MS Swaminathan
Answer: a
Clarification: The Father of Ecology in India is Ramdeo Misra. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a freedom fighter. Verghese Kurien is the Father of the White Revolution of India while MS Swaminathan is the Father of Green Revolution of India.

2. By studying what processes can we tell the complexity of organisms?
a) Physical organization
b) Biological organization
c) Chemical organization
d) Physiological organization
Answer: b
Clarification: As evolution proceeds, organisms become more and more complex. The complexity of organisms can be given by studying various processes of biological organization.

3. What is the first level of organization?
a) Organ
b) Cell
c) Organism
d) Macromolecules
Answer: d
Clarification: Macromolecules are the first level of the organization of any organism. They are large molecules made by joining of monomers. An organism consists of various macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

4. What is the level of the organization after the macromolecules?
a) Polymer
b) Tissue
c) Cell
d) Organ
Answer: c
Clarification: The level of the organization after macromolecule is a cell. Many macromolecules of different types come together and give rise to a living entity called cell. A cell is the smallest and microscopic basic structural and functional unit of life of any organism.

5. What is the level of the organization after the cell?
a) Macromolecules
b) Organ
c) Tissue
d) Organism
Answer: c
Clarification: The level of the organization after a cell is a tissue. Various cells come together and form a tissue. These cells are similar and consist of a cellular matrix. It is the level of organization between cells and an organ.

6. What is the level of the organization before an organism?
a) Tissue
b) Organ
c) Cell
d) Community
Answer: b
Clarification: The level of the organization before an organism is organs. Many tissues of the same origin together form an organ. These tissues are adapted to perform a specific function. It is the organizational level between tissues and an individual organism.

7. What is the level of the organization after the organs?
a) Community
b) Cell
c) Tissues
d) Organism
Answer: d
Clarification: The level of the organization after an organ is an organism. It means that various organs come together to make an organism. This is also known as an organ system.

8. What is the level of the organization after an individual organism?
a) Community
b) Organs
c) Population
d) Cells
Answer: c
Clarification: Population is the level of the organization after an organism. Various organisms come together and start residing at the same place known as population. The population includes organisms of the same group or species.

9. What is the level of the organization after the population?
a) Community
b) Organism
c) Tissues
d) Organs
Answer: a
Clarification: A group of populations is known as a community. It is a group of people who share the same place or live within the same area. These people may share common characteristics. It is the organizational level between population and ecosystems.

10. What is the organizational level before biomes?
a) Ecosystem
b) Population
c) Communities
d) Organism
Answer: a
Clarification: The organizational level before biomes and after the population is called an ecosystem. An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact within a system. The components are linked together with various nutrient cycles and energy flows.

11. Which of the following is the last level of organization?
a) Cells
b) Organism
c) Biomes
d) Ecosystem
Answer: c
Clarification: The last level of organization is biomes. These are the world’s major distinct biological communities which consist of animals and plants which have common characteristics for the environment they exist in.

12. By which method do birds communicate with each other?
a) Shouting
b) Eating
c) Talking
d) Singing
Answer: d
Clarification: Birds communicate with each other via singing. They use this methodology to alert against the prey, scare away predators, to decision a mate, etc. The groups of birds that can sing are called passerines, or perching birds.

13. How many levels of the organization do ecology consists of?
a) Two
b) Eight
c) Five
d) Four
Answer: d
Clarification: The ecology consists of 4 levels of the organizations that include organisms, populations, communities, and biomes. The subject that deals with the interactions between organisms and their physical, abiotic components is called ecology.

14. Cells → Tissues → ? → Organisms → Population
What is the missing level of the organization?
a) Communities
b) Biomes
c) Organs
d) Ecosystem
Answer: c
Clarification: The missing level of the organization in the above problem is Organs. Many tissues of the same origin associate to form an organ. And different organs associate to make an organism.

15. Organism → Population → ? → Ecosystems → Biomes
What is the missing level of the organization?
a) Communities
b) Cells
c) Tissues
d) Organs
Answer: a
Clarification: The level of organization missing in the above problem is Community. A bunch of populations residing within the same space and sharing common characteristics is thought of as a community. An ecosystem is a higher level of organization that has a community alongside its physical, abiotic factors.

Biology Online Quiz for Class 12 on “Population Interactions-2”.

1. Who does a pilot fish accompanies for feeding on falling pieces of food?
a) Shark
b) Hermit crab
c) Dolphin
d) Lobster
Answer: a
Clarification: The pilot fish accompanies a shark for feeding on falling pieces of food. It may also accompany rays or turtles. It is an example of commensalism in which pilot fish gains food without harming another organism.

2. What is a relationship between organisms of different species where an organism is benefited and other is harmed called?
a) Parasitism
b) Commensalism
c) Mutualism
d) Competition
Answer: a
Clarification: A relationship between organisms of different species where an organism is benefited and other is harmed is known as parasitism. The organism which is benefited is known as parasite while the harmed one is called the host.

3. What is a relationship in which larval development of one organism occurs inside or on the surface of another organism resulting in the death of the host called?
a) Symbiont
b) Parasitoid
c) Commensalism
d) Mutualism
Answer: b
Clarification: A relationship in which larval development of one organism occurs inside or on the surface of another organism resulting in the death of the host known as a parasitoid. Parasitoids include species of beetles, flies, wasps, and worms.

4. Where do ectoparasites reside?
a) Within the blood
b) In the intercellular spaces of host
c) Within the cells
d) On the surface of the host
Answer: d
Clarification: The ectoparasite is organisms that reside on the surface of the host. Some examples of ectoparasites are fleas, lice, mites, ticks, etc. These are obligatory parasites.

5. Where do endo-parasites reside?
a) Within the cells of the host body
b) On the surface of the host body
c) Outside the skin of the host
d) Outside the host environment
Answer: a
Clarification: The endo-parasites reside within the cells of the host body. These may be obligatory intercellular or intracellular parasites. Some examples of endo-parasites are few protozoans, tapeworms, nematodes, helminths, etc.

6. What is an organism carrying another organism to the host called?
a) Parasite
b) Vector
c) Pathogen
d) Bacteria
Answer: b
Clarification: The organism carrying another organism to the host is called a vector. A vector itself does not cause disease but transfers the pathogen to host. Some major vectors are plasmids, cosmids, viral vectors, and artificial chromosomes.

7. Who transmits malaria-causing protozoan?
a) Protists
b) Male Anopheles mosquito
c) Fungi
d) Female Anopheles mosquito
Answer: d
Clarification: A female anopheles mosquito is a vector that transmits the malaria-causing protozoan called Plasmodium. Anopheles gambiae is one of the best-known vectors that transmit Plasmodium falciparum.

8. In which the organism’s abdomen does Sacculina live?
a) Shark
b) Dolphin
c) Crab
d) Cattle
Answer: c
Clarification: Sacculina is a genus of barnacles that resides inside the gut of a crab. It is a parasite that shows adverse effects on crabs such as it hinders the normal metabolism of crab and also reduces its reproduction capacity.

9. What is a relationship in which one parasite feeds on another parasite which in turn feeds on its host called?
a) Pathogen
b) Vector
c) Vehicle
d) Epi-parasite
Answer: d
Clarification: A relationship in which one parasite feeds on another parasite which in turn feed on its host is called epi-parasite. These are also known as secondary or hyper parasites. An example is a bacterium in an insect’s gut that feeds on cattle.

10. What is a protozoan living in the digestive tract of a flea living on a dog is an example of?
a) Endo-parasitism
b) Klepto-parasitism
c) Hyper-parasitism
d) Ecto-parasitism
Answer: c
Clarification: A protozoan living in the digestive tract of a flea living on a dog is an example of Hyper-parasitism. It is also known as secondary or epi-parasite. It is a relationship in which one parasite feeds on another parasite which in turn feeds on its host.

11. In which interaction does a parasite steal food gathered by the host?
a) Adelpho-parasitism
b) Klepto-parasitism
c) Endo-parasitism
d) Ecto-parasitism
Answer: b
Clarification: A phenomenon of a parasite stealing food gathered by a host is observed in klepto-parasitism. It is parasitism by theft in which an organism benefits at another organism’s expense. These are opportunistic feeders because independent feeding is costly.

12. Which is an example of a parasite, in which the host species is closely related to the parasite and is a member of the same family or genus?
a) Endo-parasite
b) Klepto-parasite
c) Adelpho-parasite
d) Ecto-parasite
Answer: c
Clarification: Adelpho-parasite is an example of a parasite, in which the host species is closely related to the parasite and is a member of the same family or genus. It is a type of hyper-parasitism which commonly seen is Encarsia perplexa, Trissolcus basalis and members of the family Aphelinidae.

13. What is Encarsia perplexa example of?
a) Klepto-parasite
b) Adelpho-parasite
c) Endo-parasite
d) Ecto-parasite
Answer: b
Clarification: Encarsia perplexa, a wasp of the family Aphelinidae is an example of adelpho-parasite. It is a parasitoid of the citrus blackfly and is a native of India and Vietnam. It was recorded as a new species in 1998.

14. What is the reason for energy flow from one organism to another?
a) Competition
b) Mutualism
c) Commensalism
d) Predation
Answer: d
Clarification: Predation is the reason for energy flow from one organism to another. It is an interaction in which an organism (predator) is benefited by killing another organism (prey). It is the ecological process of energy transfer and best-known examples involve carnivorous interactions.

15. Which organisms eat each other and form various levels of the food pyramid?
a) Carnivore
b) Omnivores
c) Herbivore
d) Decomposer
Answer: a
Clarification: The carnivores eat each other and form various levels of the food pyramid. It derives its energy and nutrient requirements from killing and eating other animals. These are the predators and the organisms they eat are called prey.

To practice Biology Online Quiz for Class 12,

Biology Online Quiz for Pharmacy Entrance Exams on “Ecological Pyramids – 3”.

1. What does the following pyramid represent?

a) Upright pyramid of energy
b) Inverted pyramid of biomass
c) Upright pyramid of number
d) Inverted pyramid of energy
Answer: b
Clarification: The following pyramid represents the amount of biomass/productivity of the ecosystem at each level. It is an inverted pyramid of biomass as observed in a pond ecosystem where the biomass of zooplankton exceeds the biomass of phytoplankton.

2. What does the following pyramid represent?

a) An inverted pyramid of biomass
b) Upright pyramid of energy
c) Inverted pyramid of energy
d) Upright pyramid of number
Answer: a
Clarification: The following pyramid represents the amount of biomass/productivity of the ecosystem at each level. It is an inverted pyramid of biomass as observed in a pond ecosystem where the biomass of zooplankton exceeds the biomass of phytoplankton.

3. What does the following pyramid represent?

a) Pyramid of number
b) An ideal pyramid
c) An inverted pyramid of energy
d) Pyramid of biomass
Answer: b
Clarification: The following pyramid represents an ideal pyramid of energy. In this figure, we can observe that primary producers convert only 1% of available sunlight energy. The amount of energy transferred from organic matter in a food chain from one trophic level to another is 10 percent.

4. What does the following pyramid represent?

a) An upright pyramid of age structure of an ocean ecosystem
b) An inverted pyramid of biomass of an ocean ecosystem
c) An inverted pyramid of energy of an ocean ecosystem
d) An upright pyramid of number of the grassland ecosystem
Answer: d
Clarification: The following pyramid represents an upright pyramid of number of a grassland ecosystem. The pyramid of numbers represents the number of individuals at each level (producers forming the base and top carnivores forming the tip).

5. What does the following pyramid represent?

a) An upright pyramid of age structure of an ocean ecosystem
b) An inverted pyramid of energy of an ocean ecosystem
c) An upright pyramid of number of the grassland ecosystem
d) An inverted pyramid of biomass of an ocean ecosystem
Answer: c
Clarification: The following pyramid represents an upright pyramid of number of a grassland ecosystem. The pyramid of numbers represents the number of individuals at each level (producers forming the base and decomposers forming the tip).

6. Which one of the following represents a pyramid of energy?

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
Answer: b
Clarification: The pyramid of energy is said to be the best representation of an ecosystem because it indicates the rate of energy flow through the food chain. Depending upon the nature of the food chain, the pyramid is always upright.

7. Which one of the following represents a pyramid of numbers?

a) A and C
b) B and C
c) A and D
d) A and B
Answer: d
Clarification: The pyramid of numbers represents the number of individuals at every trophic level (producers forming the base and top carnivores forming the tip). Depending upon the nature of the food chain, the pyramid is either inverted or upright.

8. Which one of the following represents a pyramid of biomass?

a) A and C
b) A and D
c) A and B
d) B and C
Answer: c
Clarification: The total dry weight of the total amount of living matter at each level (from producers to consumers) is represented by the pyramid of biomass. Depending upon the nature of the food chain, the pyramid is either inverted or upright.

To practice Biology Online Quiz for Pharmacy Entrance Exams,

Biology Multiple Choice Questions on “In-situ and Ex-situ Conservation”.

1. How do urbanization and an increase in population affect biodiversity?
a) Making land more productive
b) Loss of flora and fauna
c) More growth of flora and fauna
d) Increasing land’s agricultural capability
Answer: b
Clarification: Urbanization means the increasing number of people that live in urban areas due to shifting from rural areas to urban areas. It affects the population density and leads to more loss of flora and fauna since more space for residence is occupied by humans.

2. What is the protection and conservation of species in their natural habitat called?
a) In-situ conservation
b) Ex-situ conservation
c) Off-site conservation
d) No conservation
Answer: a
Clarification: The on-site or the protection and conservation of species (genetic resources) in their natural habitat (populations of plant or animal species) is called in-situ conservation. Areas such as biosphere reserves, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries are the places were in-situ conservation is done.

3. What is the protection and conservation of species outside their natural habitat called?
a) No conservation
b) Ex-situ conservation
c) On-site conservation
d) In-situ conservation
Answer: b
Clarification: The off-site or the protection and conservation of species (genetic resources) outside their natural habitat (populations of plant or animal species) is known as ex-situ conservation. Areas such as botanical gardens, zoos, Gene banks, Tissue culture banks are the places were ex-situ conservation is done.

4. In which approach do we protect and conserve the whole ecosystem to protect the endangered species?
a) Ex-situ conservation
b) Off-site conservation
c) No conservation
d) In-situ conservation
Answer: d
Clarification: The on-site or the protection and conservation of species (genetic resources) in their natural habitat (populations of plant or animal species) is called in-situ conservation. In this, we conserve and protect the whole ecosystem for the protection of endangered species.

5. In which approach do we protect and conserve the animals that need urgent measures to save it from extinction?
a) In-situ conservation
b) On-site conservation
c) Ex-situ conservation
d) No conservation
Answer: c
Clarification: The off-site or the protection and conservation of species (genetic resources) outside their natural habitat (populations of plant or animal species) is known as ex-situ conservation. It is the approach in which we protect and conserve the animals that need urgent measures to save it from extinction.

6. What are the species confined to a particular region and not found anywhere else called?
a) Pandemic
b) Endemic
c) Extinct
d) Vulnerable
Answer: b
Clarification: Endemism is the ecological state of the species being confined to a particular region or only in one geographic region and not found anywhere else. Such species are known as endemic species. Some examples are Asiatic lion, Purple frog, Sangai deer, Sapria Himalayana, etc.

7. How many total biodiversity hotspots are present throughout the world?
a) 20
b) 80
c) 55
d) 34
Answer: d
Clarification: A biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity having a large number of endemic species that are threatened by human habitation is known as biodiversity hotspots. In all, there are 34 biodiversity hotspots present throughout the world.

8. Which of the following is an odd one?
a) Corbett National Park
b) Ghana Bird Sanctuary
c) Western Ghats
d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Answer: c
Clarification: The Western Ghats is the odd one from others. The Western Ghats are the biodiversity hotspots having exceptionally high biodiversity.

9. How much area of the Earth’s surface do the biodiversity hotspots cover?
a) 8 %
b) 5 %
c) 10 %
d) 2 %
Answer: d
Clarification: A biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity having a large number of endemic species that are threatened by human habitation is known as biodiversity hotspots. In all, there are 34 biodiversity hotspots present throughout the world covering up to 2 % of the Earth’s surface.

10. What is the number of biosphere reserves present throughout the world?
a) 24
b) 44
c) 14
d) 04
Answer: c
Clarification: Biosphere reserves are the protected geographical areas where along with flora and fauna human population also forms a part of the system. In all, there are 14 biosphere reserves in India. Nanda Devi, Manas, Panchmarhi are few examples of biosphere reserves.

11. What is the number of national parks India consisting of?
a) 19
b) 90
c) 29
d) 120
Answer: b
Clarification: A reserved area where activities like forestry, grazing, or cultivation are not allowed for the betterment of the wildlife. India consists of 90 national parks including Gir National Park, Silent Valley National Park, Corbett National Park, Kanger Ghati National Park, etc.

12. What is the number of wildlife sanctuaries India consisting of?
a) 900
b) 400
c) 448
d) 580
Answer: c
Clarification: A protected area in which human activities like harvesting and collecting minor forest products are allowed such that they do not interfere with the well-being of animals and only the animals are conserved is known as the wildlife sanctuaries. India consists of 448 wildlife sanctuaries including Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary, Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, etc.

13. By which of the following technique the gametes of threatened species are preserved in viable and fertile conditions for long periods?
a) Botanical gardens
b) Cryopreservation techniques
c) Zoological parks
d) Wildlife safari parks
Answer: b
Clarification: The technique by which the gametes, organelles, cells, tissues, or any other biological construct is preserved by cooling the samples to very low temperatures such that they remain in viable and fertile conditions for long periods is known as cryopreservation. It is used for the conservation of the threatened species.

14. Which of the following is an odd one?
a) Botanical gardens
b) Zoological parks
c) Wildlife safari parks
d) National parks
Answer: d
Clarification: National park is the odd one out since it is an approach of in-situ conservation while the rest is used for ex-situ conservation. The on-site or the protection and conservation of species (genetic resources) in their natural habitat (populations of plant or animal species) is called in-situ conservation.

15. Which of the following is an odd one?
a) Zoological parks
b) Biosphere reserves
c) National parks
d) Wildlife sanctuaries
Answer: a
Clarification: Zoological park is the odd one out since it is an approach of ex-situ conservation while the rest is used for in-situ conservation. The off-site or the protection and conservation of species (genetic resources) outside their natural habitat (populations of plant or animal species) is known as ex-situ conservation.