Category: Class 12 Physics Objective Questions

Physics Aptitude Test for Class 12 on “Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect”.

1. Which of the following increases the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted?
a) Increasing the frequency of the incident beam
b) Increasing the velocity of the electrons
c) Decreasing the frequency of the incident beam
d) Increasing the mass of the photoelectrons
Answer: a
Clarification: The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons can be increased by increasing the frequency of the incident beam and at the same time keeping the number of incident photons fixed. Now, this would result in a proportionate increase in energy, and in this way, the maximum kinetic energy can be increased.

2. Who is responsible for the photoelectric effect experiment?
a) Albert Einstein
b) Max Planck
c) Heinrich Hertz
d) de – Broglie
Answer: c
Clarification: German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz discovered the photoelectric effect in 1887 when he was working in connection with his work on radio waves. During this time, Hertz observed that, when ultraviolet light shines on two metal electrodes with a voltage applied across them, the light changes the voltage at which sparking takes place. This led to his discovery of the photoelectric effect experiment.

3. Identify the conclusion of the photoelectric experiment from the following.
a) Photons are smaller than the electrons
b) The energy in light comes as small packets
c) The energy in light comes as huge packets of energy
d) The energy released by the photoelectric effect is very less
Answer: b
Clarification: The conclusion drawn from the experiment of the photoelectric effect is that the energy in light comes as small packets. These small packets of energy are known as quantum of energy or a photon. The magnitude of these is proportional to the frequency of the wave.

4. The photoelectric effect is commonly found in solar panels.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Yes, this is a true statement. Solar panels work on the basic principle that when light strikes the cathode, it causes the emission of electrons, which in turn will produce an electric current. Therefore, the photoelectric effect finds application in solar panels.

5. Find the odd one out.
a) Chlorine
b) Sodium
c) Oxygen
d) Helium
Answer: b
Clarification: In this, sodium is the odd one out because, sodium, being an alkali metal, is photosensitive while the others are not photosensitive materials. Sodium metal emits electrons even when ordinary light falls on it. Therefore, it is known as a photosensitive material.

6. Pick out the apparatus used in the experiment of the photoelectric effect from the following.
a) Electron gun
b) Vacuum tubes
c) Metal tubes
d) Glass tubes
Answer: d
Clarification: The apparatus used in the experiment of the photoelectric effect involves an evacuated glass tube. Two metal electrodes, a collector, and a metal plate are enclosed in this glass tube. This glass tube is provided with a side quartz window. The metal plate acts as the photoelectron emitter.

Physics Aptitude Test for Class 12,

Physics Multiple Choice Questions on “Extrinsic Semiconductor”.

1. On doping germanium metal, with a little amount of indium, what does one get?
a) Intrinsic semiconductor
b) Insulator
c) n-type semiconductor
d) p-type semiconductor
Answer: d
Clarification: Indium impurity in germanium produces p-type semiconductors. A trivalent impurity added to germanium produces a p-type semiconductor. Trivalent impurities such as boron, indium, and gallium are called acceptor impurity.

2. In a pure semiconductor crystal, if current flows due to breakage of crystal bonds, then what is the semiconductor is called?
a) Acceptor
b) Donor
c) Intrinsic semiconductor
d) Extrinsic semiconductor
Answer: c
Clarification: Pure semiconductors are called intrinsic semiconductors. The number of electrons in the conduction band will be equal to the number of holes in the valence band. Intrinsic semiconductors are also called undoped and i-type semiconductors.

3. Which of the following, when added as an impurity, into the silicon, produces n-type semiconductor?
a) Phosphorous
b) Aluminum
c) Magnesium
d) Sulfur
Answer: a
Clarification: As phosphorous is pentavalent, it produces n-type semiconductor when added to silicon. They are called donor impurities. By adding phosphorus, extra valence electrons are added that become unbonded from individual atoms.

4. In n-type semiconductors, which one is the majority charge carriers?
a) Holes
b) Protons
c) Neutrons
d) Electrons
Answer: d
Clarification: In n-type semiconductors, electrons are majority charge carriers. It is made by adding an impurity to a pure semiconductor. This is the opposite scenario of p-type semiconductors where electrons are the minority charge carriers.

5. A small impurity is added to germanium to get a p-type semiconductor. Identify the impurity?
a) Bivalent substance
b) Trivalent substance
c) Pentavalent substance
d) Monovalent substance
Answer: b
Clarification: A trivalent impurity added to germanium produces a p-type semiconductor. Trivalent impurities such as boron, indium, and gallium are called acceptor impurity. These can be added to germanium in order to obtain a p-type semiconductor.

6. Boron when added as an impurity, into the silicon, produces n-type semiconductor.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: When a pentavalent impurity is added as an impurity to silicon, it produces n-type semiconductor. In n-type semiconductors, electrons are majority charge carriers, whereas the holes are minority charge carriers.

7. Identify the property which is not characteristic for a semiconductor?
a) At a very low temperature, it behaves like an insulator
b) At higher temperatures, two types of charge carriers will cause conductivity
c) The charge carriers are electrons and holes in the valence band at higher temperatures
d) The semiconductor is electrically neutral
Answer: c
Clarification: In a semiconductor, electrons are the charge carriers in the conduction band and holes are the charge carriers in the valence band at higher temperatures. The other statements are not valid.

8. The n-type semiconductor is which of the following?
a) Positively charged
b) Negatively charged
c) Neutral
d) Positive or negative depending upon doping materials
Answer: c
Clarification: Semiconductors maintain their electrical neutrality even after doping. This is achieved by adding an impurity to a pure semiconductor in order to obtain an n-type semiconductor.

9. The dominant contribution to current comes from holes in case of which of the following?
a) Metals
b) Intrinsic semiconductors
c) p-type extrinsic semiconductors
d) n-type extrinsic semiconductors
Answer: c
Clarification: Holes are the majority charge carriers in p-type extrinsic semiconductors. Trivalent impurities such as boron, indium, and gallium are called acceptor impurity. Also, in p-type semiconductors, electrons are the minority charge carriers.

10. In a p-type semiconductor, germanium is doped with which of the following?
a) Gallium
b) Copper
c) Phosphorous
d) Nitrogen
Answer: a
Clarification: Substances such as gallium, boron, and aluminum are all trivalent atoms. These are called acceptor impurities and they produce p-type semiconductors. Therefore, germanium is doped with gallium in a p-type semiconductor.

Physics Multiple Choice Questions on “Electric Current”.

1. What is the SI unit of current?
a) Coulomb (C)
b) Ampere (A)
c) Farad (F)
d) Newton (N)
Answer: b
Clarification: The SI unit of current is Ampere (A). The current through a wire is called one ampere if one coulomb of charge flows through the wire per second.
1 Ampere = (frac {1 , Coulomb}{1 , Second}) or 1A = 1Cs^-1.

2. What is the number of electrons that constitutes a current of one Ampere?
a) 2.25 × 10¹⁸
b) 2.25 × 10^-18
c) 6.25 × 10¹⁸
d) 6.25 × 10^-18
Answer: c
Clarification: Number of electrons, n = (frac {Current (I) times time (t)}{Charge , of , 1 , electron (e)})
= (frac {(1 times 1)}{1.6 times 10^{-19}})
= 6.25 × 10¹⁸.

3. Give the number of electrons passing through a wire per minute. The current flowing through it is 500mA.
a) 1.875 × 10²⁰
b) 6.875 × 10²⁰
c) 1.875 × 10^-20
d) 6.875 × 10^-20
Answer: a
Clarification: Number of electrons, n = (frac {It}{e}).
= (frac {(500 times 10^{-3} times 60)}{(1.6 times 10^{-19})})
= 1.875 × 10²⁰.

4. Which of these is a correct definition of conventional current?
a) Current that flows from lower potential to higher potential
b) The current which remains static
c) Current constituted by the flow of ions
d) Current that flows from higher potential to lower potential
Answer: d
Clarification: The current that flows from a point at the higher (positive) potential to a point at lower (negative) potential is called conventional current. The direction of motion of positive charges is taken as the direction of electric current.

5. Which type of current is flowing through a circuit?
a) Static current
b) Conventional current
c) Electronic current
d) Potential current
Answer: c
Clarification: The carriers of electric current are electrons. The current in a circuit is due to the flow of electrons. Therefore, the direction of the conventional current is opposite to the direction of flow of electrons.

6. In electrolytes and ionic crystals, the current carriers are free electrons.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: In electrolytes and ionic crystals, the current carriers are positive and negative ions. Whereas in most of the substances like metals, the carriers of electric current are electrons.

7. Identify the dimensional formula of electric current.
a) [M L T^-2]
b) [M⁰ L⁰ T⁰ A¹]
c) [M L³ T⁰]
d) [M L² T^-3]
Answer: b
Clarification: The flow of charge per unit time is defined as current. The fundamental unit of current is Ampere (named after Andre Marie Ampere).
Hence the dimensional formula of electric current is [M⁰ L⁰ T⁰ A¹].

8. Which type of a physical quantity is electric current?
a) Scalar quantity
b) Vector quantity
c) Bipolar quantity
d) Thermodynamic quantity
Answer: a
Clarification: The electric current is a scalar quantity. Laws of ordinary algebra are used to add electric currents and the law of vector algebra are not applicable.

9. Which of these is a correct definition of electronic current?
a) Current that flows from lower potential to higher potential
b) The current which remains static
c) Current constituted by the flow of ions
d) Current that flows from higher potential to lower potential
Answer: a
Clarification: The current that flows from a point at the lower (negative) potential to a point at higher (positive) potential is called electronic current. Electronic current is produced by the movement of negatively charged electrons.

10. What is the study of electric charges in motion called?
a) Charge mobility
b) Electronic mobility
c) Static electricity
d) Current electricity
Answer: d
Clarification: The study of motion or dynamics of charges constitute an electric current. Therefore, the study of electric charges in motion is called current electricity.

Physics Multiple Choice Questions on “Motion in a Magnetic Field”.

1. A positive charge is moving vertically upwards. When it enters a region of magnetic field directed towards north, what is the direction of the force on the charge?
a) Up
b) Down
c) Left
d) Right
Answer: c
Clarification: According to Fleming’s left-hand rule, the magnetic force will act towards left. When the positive charge enters a region of magnetic field directed towards north, the magnetic force will act towards left.

2. An electron moving with a velocity of 15 ms^-1 enters a uniform magnetic field of 0.2 T, along a direction parallel to the field. What would be its trajectory in this field?
a) Elliptical
b) Straight path
c) Helical
d) Circular
Answer: b
Clarification: The electron will continue to follow its straight path because a parallel magnetic field does not exert any force on the electron. So, there won’t be any change in its trajectory when the electron enters a uniform magnetic field.

3. In a certain arrangement, a proton does not get deflected while moving through a magnetic field region. Under what condition is it possible?
a) F = 0
b) F = 180 N
c) F = -180 N
d) F = 3600 N
Answer: a
Clarification: Magnetic force on a proton is F_m = qvBsin(θ).
A proton moving parallel or antiparallel to a magnetic field does not experience any force. Hence, the proton does not get deflected while moving through a magnetic field region.

4. Which of the following will experience a maximum force, when projected with the same velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field : (i) α-particle, and (ii) β-particle?
a) Both α-particle and β-particle
b) None
c) β-particle
d) α-particle
Answer: d
Clarification: F = qvB.
For α-particle, q = 2e, F_α = 2evB
For β-particle, q = e, F_β = evB.
Thus, the α-particle will experience maximum force.

5. A charged particle in a plasma trapped in a magnetic bottle leaks out after a millisecond. What is the total work done by the magnetic field during the time the particle is trapped?
a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
d) Depends on the strength of the magnetic field
Answer: c
Clarification: Work done is zero. Since a magnetic field exerts a force perpendicular to the direction of motion of the charged particle, no work is done by it on the charged particle. Therefore, the total work done by the magnetic field during the time the particle is trapped is zero.

6. Force on a charge ‘q’ moving with a velocity ‘v’ in a magnetic field is given by F = qvB. State true or false.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Force on a charge ‘q’ moving with a velocity ‘v’ in a magnetic field is given by:
F = qvB sinθ.
The direction of the force is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule.

7. A proton enters a magnetic field of flux density 5 T with a velocity of 5 × 10⁷ ms^-1 at an angle of 30^o with the field. Find the force on the proton.
a) 0.2 × 10^-11 N
b) 2 × 10^-11 N
c) 20 × 10^-11 N
d) 200 × 10^-11 N
Answer: b
Clarification: F = qvB sinθ.
F = 1.6 × 10^-19 × 5 × 10⁷ × 5 × sin30^o
F = 2 × 10^-11 N.

Physics Multiple Choice Questions on “Electromagnetic Induction – Magnetic Flux”.

1. Pick out the SI unit of magnetic flux.
a) Ampere
b) Tesla meter
c) Weber
d) Maxwell
Answer: c
Clarification: The magnetic flux through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field flux density passing through that surface. The SI unit of magnetic flux is weber (Wb). One weber is the flux produced when a uniform magnetic field of one tesla acts normally over an area of 1 cm².

2. Identify the correct dimensions of magnetic flux.
a) [M³ L² A^-1 T^-2]
b) [M L² A^-1 T^-2]
c) [M² L² A^-1 T^-2]
d) [M L² A^-1 T²]
Answer: b
Clarification: Magnetic flux = Magnetic field × Area.
Flux = (frac { ( [ M L T^{-2} ].[ L^2 ])}{(A L) })
Flux = (frac { [M L^2 T^{-2} ] }{ [ A ] })
Flux = [M L² A^-1 T^-2].

3. Which of the following is a unit of magnetic flux?
a) Maxwell
b) Gauss
c) Tesla
d) Ampere
Answer: a
Clarification: The CGS unit of magnetic flux is Maxwell (Mx). One Maxwell is the flux produced when a uniform magnetic field of one gauss acts normally over an area of 1 cm².

4. Find out the correct relation from the following.
a) 1 Wb = 1 G cm
b) 1 Wb = 1 Tm
c) 1 Wb = 1 G cm²
d) 1 Wb = 10⁸ Maxwell
Answer: d
Clarification: 1 Wb = 1 T × 1 m²
Wb = 10⁴ G × 10⁴ cm².
1 Wb = 10⁸ Maxwell.

5. When is the magnetic flux said to be positive?
a) θ = 180^o
b) θ = 360^o
c) θ = 0^o
d) θ = 90^o
Answer: c
Clarification: A normal to a plane can be drawn from either side. If the normal drawn to a plane points out in the direction of the field, then θ = 0^o and the flux are taken as positive. If the flux is positive and increasing the voltage will be negative.

6. The total number of magnetic lines of force crossing the surface placed in a magnetic field normally is called the magnetic induction.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The magnetic flux through any surface place in a magnetic field is the total number of magnetic lines of force crossing this surface normally. It is measured as the product of the component of the magnetic field normal to the surface and the surface area.

7. Calculate the magnetic flux when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface area.
a) Minimum
b) Maximum
c) Zero
d) Depends on the surface area
Answer: b
Clarification: Magnetic flux = B ΔS cos 0⁰
Magnetic flux = B ΔS.
It follows that magnetic flux linked with a surface is maximum when the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface area.

8. Which type of physical quantity is magnetic flux?
a) Scalar
b) Vector
c) Isotropic
d) Isentropic
Answer: a
Clarification: The magnetic flux is measured as the product of the component of the magnetic field normal to the surface and the surface area.
Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity.

9. Calculate the magnetic flux produced when the magnetic field is parallel to the surface area.
a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
d) Depends on the magnetic field
Answer: c
Clarification: Magnetic flux = B ΔS cos 90^o
Magnetic flux = 0.
It follows that magnetic flux linked with a surface is zero when the direction of the magnetic field is parallel to the surface area.

10. When is the magnetic flux said to be negative?
a) θ = 180^o
b) θ = 360^o
c) θ = 90^o
d) θ = 0^o
Answer: a
Clarification: If the normal points in the opposite direction of the field, then θ = 180^o and the flux is taken as negative. If the magnetic field is pointing opposite the direction of the surface area then the value of this flux is negative.