250+ TOP MCQs on Composite 2D Transformations and Answers

Computer Graphics Questions and Answers for Aptitude test on “Composite 2D Transformations”.

1. Two successive translations are___________________
a) Multiplicative
b) Inverse
c) Subtractive
d) Additive

Answer: d
Clarification: Successive translations are additive.
P’= T(tx1, ty1) .[T(tx2, ty2)] P
= {T(tx1, ty1). T(tx2, ty2)}.P
Or T(tx1, ty1). T(tx2, ty2) = T(tx1+tx2 , ty1 + ty2).

2. Two successive translations are not commutative.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: According to commutative property, the order does not matter. Same as in the case of successive translations. Hence we can say that two successive translations are commutative.

3. General pivot point rotation can be expressed as _____________________
a) T(zr,yr).R(θ).T(-zr,-yr) = R(xr,yr,θ)
b) T(xr,yr).R(θ).T(-xr,-yr) = R(xr,yr,θ)
c) T(xr,yr).R(θ).T(-xr,-yr) = R(zr,yr,θ)
d) T(xr,yr).R(θ).T(-xr,-yr) = R(xr,yr,Q)

Answer: b
Clarification: Since the first two parameters are in 2D, hence only ‘x’ and ‘y’ can be variable along with ‘θ’. In other options, there is one more parameter ‘z’.

4. Which of the following is NOT correct? (A, B and C are matrices)
a) A.B = B.A
b) A.B.C = (A.B).C = A.(B.C)
c) C(A+B) = C.A + C.B
d) 1 A = A 1

Answer: a
Clarification: Matrix multiplication does not commute. We cannot switch the order of the factors and expect to end up with the same result. Hence, A.B ≠ B.A.

5. Reflection about the line y=0, the axis, is accomplished with the transformation matrix with how many elements as ‘0’?
a) 8
b) 9
c) 4
d) 6

Answer: d
Clarification: The matrix used for reflection about y=0 is an identity matrix with 6 ‘0’s and two ‘1’s and one element as ‘-1’.

6. Which transformation distorts the shape of an object such that the transformed shape appears as if the object were composed of internal layers that had been caused to slide over each other?
a) Rotation
b) Scaling up
c) Scaling down
d) Shearing

Answer: d
Clarification: Two common shearing transformations are the type of transformation that shift coordinate x values coordinate y values. In shear transformation, the transformed shape appears as if the object were composed of internal layers that had been caused to slide over each other.

7. Transpose of a column matrix is________________
a) Zero matrix
b) Identity matrix
c) Row matrix
d) Diagonal matrix

Answer: c
Clarification: Transpose of a matrix is a matrix which is made by interchanging the rows and columns of the original matrix. Hence the transpose of column matrix is row matrix and vice versa.

8. Reversing the order in which a sequence of transformations is performed may affect the transformed position of an object.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: As we know that, matrix transformations are not commutative and the order of transformation matters. So it will affect the position of the object.

9. Which one of the following is the correct notation of a matrix with ‘m’ rows and ’n’ columns?
a) m + n
b) m – n
c) m x n
d) m/n

Answer: c
Clarification: m x n represents a matrix with ‘m’ number of rows and ‘n’ number of columns, while others are just arithmetic operations which can be done on 2 matrices.

10. How many minimum numbers of zeros are there in ‘3 x 3’ triangular matrix?
a) 4
b) 3
c) 5
d) 6

Answer: b
Clarification: In a triangular matrix, all entries, either above or below the diagonal are zero. So in case of ‘3 x 3’ matrix, there should be minimum 3 elements as 0.

250+ TOP MCQs on Input Devices and Answers Pdf

Computer Graphics multiple choice questions on Input Devices.

1. The most commonly used input device is
a) Mouse
b) Keyboard
c) Scanner
d) Printer

Answer: b
Clarification: Keyboard is the most commonly used input device.

2. Which keys allows user to enter frequently used operations in a single key stroke?
a) Function keys
b) Cursor control keys
c) Trackball
d) Control keys

Answer: a
Clarification: Function keys are used to access frequently used areas.

3. ________ are used to measure dial rotations.
a) Potentiometers
b) Volta meter
c) Parameter
d) Only a

Answer: d
Clarification: Potentiometer measures the dial rotations.

4. The device which is used to position the screen cursor is
a) Mouse
b) Joystick
c) Data glove
d) Both a and c

Answer: a
Clarification: A mouse is small hand-held box used to position the screen cursor.

5. _________ is used for detecting mouse motion.
a) Optical sensor
b) Rollers on the bottom of mouse
c) Both a and b
d) Sensor

Answer: c
Clarification: Rollers and optical sensors are used to record the amount and direction of movement.

6. Trackball is
a) Two-dimensional positioning device
b) Three- dimensional positioning device
c) Pointing device
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Trackball is two-dimensional positioning device.

7. Space ball provide________ degree of freedom.
a) 10 degree
b) 6 degree
c) 8 degree
d) 12 degree

Answer: b
Clarification: Space ball provide 6 degree of freedom.

8. Which is the ball that can be rotated with the fingers or palm of the hand?
a) Space ball
b) Trackball
c) Only a
d) Both b and c

Answer: b
Clarification: Trackball is a ball that can be rotated with the fingers or palm of the hand.

9. ________ is used for 3D positioning and modeling, animation and other application.
a) Space ball
b) Trackball
c) Spac ball
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Space ball is a 3D positioning device.

10. Potentiometers mounted at the base of the joystick measures
a) The amount of movement
b) The direction
c) Position
d) Resolution

Answer: a
Clarification: Potentiometers mounted at the base of the joystick measures the amount of movement.

11. Pressure-sensitive joysticks are also called
a) Non movable stick
b) Joystick
c) Isometric joystick
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: None.

12. Which is the device that is constructed with the series of sensors that detects hand and finger motion?
a) Digitizers
b) Data glove
c) Joystick
d) Track ball

Answer: b
Clarification: Data glove senses, detects hand and finger motion.

13. A common device for drawing, painting, or interactively selecting coordinate positions on an object is a
a) Image scanner
b) Digitizers
c) Data glove
d) Touch panels

Answer: b
Clarification: Digitizers can be used for drawing, painting and selecting positions.

14. Which device is used to input two-dimensional coordinates by activating a hand cursor on a flat surface?
a) Graphic tablet
b) Data tablet
c) Only b
d) Both a and b

Answer: d
Clarification: Graphic tablet are also called data tablet.

15. ___________ can be used to determine the position on the data tablet.
a) Strip microphones
b) Signal strength
c) Coded pulse
d) Either Signal strength or coded pulse

Answer: d
Clarification: Either Signal strength or coded pulse determine the position on the data tablet.

250+ TOP MCQs on 2D Reflection and Shear and Answers

Computer Graphics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) on “2D Reflection and Shear”.

1. In a rotation, by how much angle is the object rotated?
a) 45 degree
b) 90 degree
c) 180 degree
d) 360 degree

Answer: c
Clarification: Reflection is the mirror image of the original object. It rotates the object 1890 degrees. The left side image is formed into right side and vice versa.

2. Reflection is a special case of rotation.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: Reflection is a special case of rotation of 180° about a line in xy plane passing through the origin.

3. If two pure reflections about a line passing through the origin are applied successively the result is ___________________
a) Pure rotation
b) Quarter rotation
c) Half rotation
d) True reflection

Answer: a
Clarification: When we apply reflection one time, it rotates the image by 180 degrees. So, if we repeat it 2 times the total reflection will be of 360 degrees.

4. What is the determinant of the pure reflection matrix?
a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) 2

Answer: c
Clarification: The pure reflection matrix is:
[T] = | 1 0 |
| 0 -1|
So, the determinant will be = (1) (-1) – (0) (0) = 0.

5. Which of the following is NOT true?
Image formed by reflection through a plane mirror is_______________
a) of same size
b) same orientation
c) virtual
d) is at same distance from the mirror

Answer: b
Clarification: In the image formed by reflection through a plane mirror, the right is turned into left and left is turned into right, hence changing the orientation. So the image formed by reflection through a plane mirror is not of the same orientation.

6. Which of the following represents shearing?
a) (x, y) → (x+a, y+b)
b) (x, y) → (ax, by)
c) (x, y) → (x cos(θ)+y sin(θ), -x sin(θ)+y cos(θ))
d) (x, y) → (x+ay, y+bx)

Answer: d
Clarification: The first one represent translation, the second one represents scaling, third one rotation and the last one is representing shearing.

7. If a ‘3 x 3’ matrix shears in X direction, how many elements of it are ‘1’?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 6
d) 5

Answer: b
Clarification: The ‘3 x 3’ matrix which shears in ‘x’ direction will have total 9 elements, 3 of which are ‘1’, 5 zeroes and 1 variable in an upper triangle which is the scaling factor.

8. If a ‘3 x 3’ matrix shears in Y direction, how many elements of it are ‘0’?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 6
d) 5

Answer: d
Clarification: The ‘3 x 3’ matrix which shears in ‘y’ direction will have total 9 elements, 3 of which are ‘1’, 5 zeroes and 1 variable in a lower triangle which is the scaling factor.

9. Shearing is also termed as ________________
a) Selecting
b) Sorting
c) Scaling
d) Skewing

Answer: d
Clarification: In the case of shear only one coordinate changes its coordinates and other preserves its values, that’s why it is also called skewing.

10. Shearing and reflection are types of translation.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Clarification: Shearing and reflection are not types of translation. They are types of transformation. Even translation is also a type of transformation.

11. Which of this is compulsory for 2D reflection.
a) Reflection plane.
b) Origin
c) Reflection axis
d) Co-ordinate axis.

Answer: c
Clarification: Reflection axis is the axis with respect to which reflection is done. In 3D, it is reflection plane rather than reflection axis.

250+ TOP MCQs on Input Devices and Answers

Computer Graphics multiple choice questions on Input Devices.

1. __________ allows screen positions to be selected with the touch of a finger.
a) Touch panels
b) Image scanner
c) Light pen
d) Mouse

Answer: a
Clarification: None.

2. What is the disadvantage of the light pen?
a) It’s shape
b) They cannot detect positions
c) Accurate reading
d) Cannot detect positions within black areas

Answer: d
Clarification: light pen requires special implementations and sometimes gives false reading due to background lighting in a room.

3. ________ is used in graphics workstation as input devices to accept voice commands.
a) Touch panels
b) Speech recognizers
c) Only a
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Through speech recognizers user can give voice commands.

4. What voice the use of voice system?
a) To initiate graphics operation
b) To enter data
c) Neither a nor b
d) Both a and b

Answer: d
Clarification: The voice system input can be used to initiate graphics operations or to enter data.

5. When a voice command is given, the system searches the _____________for a frequency-pattern match.
a) Memory
b) Input data
c) Dictionary
d) Hard disk

Answer: c
Clarification: System searches the dictionary for frequency pattern matching.

6. The device which is designed to minimize the background sound is
a) Microphone
b) Digitizers
c) Data glove
d) Joy stick

Answer: a
Clarification: Microphone is designed to minimize the background sound.

7. The quality of a picture obtained from a device depends on
a) Dot size
b) Number of dots per inch
c) Number of lines per inch
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: quality depends on these attributes.

8. Which of the following device is not the input device?
a) Trackball and space ball
b) Data glove
c) Only d
d) Impact printers

Answer: c
Clarification: printer is an output device.

9. Which device contains thumbwheel, trackball and a standard mouse ball?
a) Z mouse
b) Joystick
c) Mouse
d) Trackball

Answer: a
Clarification: These 3 buttons are the Z mouse features.

10. Virtual reality, CAD, and animations are the application of
a) Z mouse
b) Digitizers
c) Data tablets
d) Image scanners

Answer: a
Clarification: Application of Z mouse includes virtual reality, CAD, and animations.

250+ TOP MCQs on Transformations between Coordinate Systems and Affine Transformations

Computer Graphics Interview Questions and Answers on “Transformations between Coordinate Systems and Affine Transformations”.

1. A ___________ is a system which uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of a point.
a) co-ordinate system
b) binary-system
c) vector-system
d) euclid geometry

Answer: a
Clarification: A coordinate system is a system which uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of a point. It also determines the other geometric elements on a manifold on Euclid space.

2. Which of the co-ordinate represents X co-ordinate in (6,8,9)?
a) 6
b) 8
c) 9
d) 0

Answer: a
Clarification: In a co-ordinate system, any position of a point is denoted as (x,y,z). Where x denotes the perpendicular distance of the point from the x-axis. Hence x is the X co-ordinate.

3. Which of the co-ordinate represents Y co-ordinate in (6,8,9)?
a) 6
b) 8
c) 9
d) 0

Answer: b
Clarification: In a co-ordinate system, any position of a point is denoted as (x,y,z). Where y denotes the perpendicular distance of the point from the y-axis. Hence y is the Y co-ordinate.

4. Which of the co-ordinate represents Z co-ordinate in (6,8,9)?
a) 6
b) 8
c) 9
d) 0

Answer: c
Clarification: In a co-ordinate system, any position of a point is denoted as (x,y,z). Where z denotes the perpendicular distance of the point from the z-axis. Hence z is the Z co-ordinate.

5. _______________ and ___________ are two types of transformations.
a) quadratic, cubic
b) variable, affine
c) linear, quadratic
d) linear, affine

Answer: d
Clarification: Linear and affine transformations are two different types of transformations of matrices. In linear, points are in vector space but in affine, points are in affine space.

6. Adding points to a vector give a vector.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b

7. Which of the following properties are preserved in affine transformation?
a) co-linearity
b) convexity
c) concavity
d) parallelism

Answer: c
Clarification: The col-linearity, convexity and parallelism of bunch of points are conserved in affine transformations but any 3 or more points which are concave can turn parallel, so we can say concavity is not conserved.

8. Ratio of length along a line is preserved in affine transformations.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Clarification: The ratio of length gets preserved, for example, distinct collinear points x1,x2,x3. The ratio of x1x2 and x2x3 is same as that of f(x1)f(x2) and f(x2)f(x3).

9. Which co-ordinates allow common vector operations such as translation, rotation, scaling and perspective projection to be represented as a matrix by which the vector is multiplied.
a) vector co-ordinates
b) 3d co-ordinates
c) affine co-ordinates
d) homogenous co-ordinates

Answer: d
Clarification: The function of homogenous co-ordinates is to allow common vector operations such as translation, rotation, scaling and perspective projection to be represented as a matrix by which the vector is multiplied.

10. For orthonormal basis, which of these is correct?
a) M-1 = Mt
b) M-1 = Mt
c) M = M
d) Mt = I

Answer: a
Clarification: Due to the effect of similitude and similarity transform, the inverse is equal to the transpose. So, we can say that M-1 = Mt.

250+ TOP MCQs on Line Filling Algorithms and Answers

Computer Graphics multiple choice questions on Line Filling Algorithms.

1. The Cartesian slope-intercept equation for a straight line is
a) y = m.x + b
b) y = b.x + m
c) y = x.x + m
d) y = b + m.m

Answer: a
Clarification: Equation for a straight line is y = m.x + b.

2. For lines with slope magnitude |m|<1, ?x can be_________
a) A set corresponding vertical deflection
b) A set proportional to a small horizontal deflection voltage
c) Only a
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification:?x can be a set proportional to a small horizontal deflection voltage only if slope magnitude |m| < 1.

3. On raster system, lines are plotted with
a) Lines
b) Dots
c) Pixels
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Using pixels lines can be plotted.

4. Expansion of line DDA algorithm is
a) Digital difference analyzer
b) Direct differential analyzer
c) Digital differential analyzer
d) Data differential analyzer

Answer: c
Clarification: DDA stands for digital differential analyzer.

5. Which algorithm is a faster method for calculating pixel positions?
a) Bresenham’s line algorithm
b) Parallel line algorithm
c) Mid-point algorithm
d) DDA line algorithm

Answer: d
Clarification: The DDA is a faster method for calculating pixel positions.

6. The disadvantage of lineDDA is
a) Time consuming
b) Faster
c) Neither a nor b
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The DDA algorithm takes more time than other algorithm.

7. An accurate and efficient raster line-generating algorithm is
a) DDA algorithm
b) Mid-point algorithm
c) Parallel line algorithm
d) Bresenham’s line algorithm

Answer: d
Clarification: Bresenham’s line algorithm is a very efficient and accurate algorithm.

8. In Bresenham’s line algorithm, if the distances d1 < d2 then decision parameter Pk is______
a) Positive
b) Equal
c) Negative
d) Option a or c

Answer: c
Clarification: If d1 < d2 then the decision variable is always negative.

9. Which is the best line algorithm to balance the processing load among the processers?
a) Parallel line algorithm
b) DDA line algorithm
c) Bresenham’s line algorithm
d) Position Bresenham’s line algorithm

Answer: a
Clarification: If there are ‘n’ processes then this algorithm divides it into number of partitions and generates line segments.

10. The algorithm which uses multiple processors to calculate pixel positions is
a) Midpoint algorithm
b) Parallel line algorithm
c) Bresenham’s line algorithm
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: In Parallel line algorithm each processors calculates pixel positions.

11. Coordinate references in the polyline function are stated as
a) Relative coordinate values
b) Absolute coordinate values
c) Current position
d) Real coordinate values

Answer: b
Clarification: Coordinate references in the polyline function are stated as absolute coordinate values.

12. To apply the midpoint method, we define
a) ?circle(x, y)= x 2+ y 2-? r?2
b) ?circle(x, y)= x+ y 2-? r?2
c) ?circle(x, y)= x 2– y 2-? r?2
d) ?circle(x, y)= x2+ y 2-? z?2

Answer: a
Clarification: None.

13. _______ is defined as set of points such that the sum of the distances is same for all points.
a) Ellipses
b) Lines
c) Circles
d) Only a

Answer: d
Clarification: Ellipses is defined as set of points.

14. If the boundary is specified in a single color, and if the algorithm proceeds pixel by pixel until the boundary color is encountered is called
a) Scan-line fill algorithm
b) Boundary-fill algorithm
c) Flood-fill algorithm
d) Parallel curve algorithm

Answer: b
Clarification: This algorithm proceeds outward pixel by pixel until the boundary color is encountered.

15. If we want to recolor an area that is not defined within a single color boundary is known as
a) Boundary-fill algorithm
b) Parallel curve algorithm
c) Flood-fill algorithm
d) Only b

Answer: c
Clarification: We can paint such areas by replacing a specified interior color.