Category: Energy Management Objective Questions

Energy & Environment Management Multiple Choice Questions on “Soil and its Pollution”.

1. In which temperature soil develops slowly?
a) Summer
b) Wind
c) Rainy
d) Cold
Answer: d
Clarification: Climate and time play an important role in the development of soils. In extremely dry or cold climates, soils develop very slowly, while in humid and warm climates soil develop more rapidly due to favourable climatic conditions.

2. Under ideal climatic conditions how many cms of soil is developed?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: a
Clarification: Under ideal climatic conditions, soft parent material may develop into 1 cm of soil within 15 years. Under poor climatic conditions, hard parent material may require hundreds of years to develop into the soil.

3. What is called for the matured soils which are arranged in a series of zones?
a) Soil zones
b) Soil layers
c) Soil horizons
d) Soil benches
Answer: c
Clarification: Mature soils are arranged in a series of zones called soil horizons. Each horizon has a distinct texture and composition that varies with the different types of soil. This soil horizon helps to discriminate different types of soils.

4. What is soil profile?
a) A cross sectional view of the horizons in a soil
b) A front view of the horizons in a soil
c) A cross sectional view of the horizons in rocks
d) A front view of the horizons in rocks
Answer: a
Clarification: A cross-sectional view of the horizon in a soil is called a soil profile. This soil profile can able to identify the special characteristics present in the soils and this can be used as a referral while studying a soil pollution causing by different soils.

5. How many horizons are there in soils?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: d
Clarification: There are four horizons in soils. The top layer is known as O-horizon. The uppermost layer of soil called as the A-horizon. The B-horizon called the subsoil, it contains less organic material. The area below the subsoil is called as the C-horizon.

6. A–horizon soil consists of partially decomposed organic matter.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The uppermost layer of the soil, called the A-horizon. It consists of partially decomposed organic matter and some inorganic mineral particles. This layer consists of a large amount of bacteria, fungi and other small insects, which form complex food webs in the soil.

7. Which horizon helps to determine the pH of the soil?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) O
Answer: c
Clarification: The chemical composition of the C-horizon helps to determine the pH of the soil and also influences the soil’s rate of water absorption and it also C-horizon helps in the process of retention of water.

8. What is called for the mixture of all the contents of soil?
a) Erosion
b) Sublimation
c) Degradation
d) Loams
Answer: d
Clarification: Soil varies in their content of clay, silt, sand and gravel. The relative amounts of the different sizes and types of mineral particles determine the soil texture. Soils with an approximately equal mixture of clay, sand, slit and humus are called loams.

9. Why area treatment is important for soil?
a) To reduces the impact of raindrops on the soil
b) To maximize surface run-off
c) Not treating the upper catchment and proceeds towards an outlet
d) Not storing surplus rainwater
Answer: a
Clarification: Area treatment in soil reduces the impact of raindrops on the soil. The treatment measures are to develop vegetation cover on non-arable land. It effects in minimum disturbance and displacement of soil particles.

10. What is called for the movement of surface litter and topsoil from one place to another?
a) Soil submerge
b) Soil degradation
c) Soil erosion
d) Soil pollution
Answer: c
Clarification: Soil erosion is a natural process, it is often caused by wind and flowing water. It is greatly accelerated by human activities such as farming, construction, over grazing by livestock and burning of grass cover and deforestation.

11. Why continuous contour trenches are used?
a) To decrease the infiltration of air
b) To enhance the infiltration of air
c) To decrease the infiltration of water
d) To enhance the infiltration of water
Answer: d
Clarification: Continuous contour trenches can be used to enhance the infiltration of water. It also used to reduce the run-off and check soil erosion. In areas with steep slopes where bunds are not possible, continuous contour benches are used for the same purpose.

12. What is used to convert wastelands into agricultural lands?
a) Check dams
b) Water purifier
c) Rain harvesters
d) Gradonies
Answer: d
Clarification: Gradonies can be used to convert wastelands into agricultural lands. In this, narrow trenches with buds on the downstream side are built along contours in the upper reaches of the catchment to collect run-off and to conserve moisture from the trees.

13. Organic agriculture advocates avoiding the use of_____________________
a) Organic manure
b) Stored water
c) Modern technologies in harvesting
d) Chemical fertilizers
Answer: d
Clarification: Organic agriculture advocates avoiding the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This chemical fertilizers cause soil pollution and it also harms the health of organisms including humans which depend on plants for food.

14. Integrated pest management reduces the excess use of fertilizers.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: One of the ways to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides is by integrated pest management. This is a technique that uses a complete understanding of all the ecological aspects of a crop and the particular pests to which it is susceptible.

Energy & Environment Management Multiple Choice Questions on “Family Welfare Programs”.

1. After which incident family planning programs are initiated in most countries?
a) After industrial revolution
b) After World War 2
c) After British invasion to India
d) After the United States independence
Answer: b
Clarification: Since World War 2 family planning programs with either major or minimal government involvement have been initiated in most of the countries. This is due to the relatively rapid growth of the populations of some countries.

2. Which one of the following is the main target of family welfare programs?
a) Couples in the fertile age
b) Children below 12 years
c) Women after fertile age
d) Male after fertile age
Answer: a
Clarification: The target populations of family welfare programs are couples with fertile age groups. By providing contraception, sterilization, forming policies with respect to population limit we can control the population growth.

3. Which organization works as an administrative unit for implementation of Family Welfare Programme in all districts of the State and functioning at State Head quarter?
a) The District Family Welfare Bureau
b) The National Family Welfare Bureau
c) The State Family Welfare Bureau
d) The International Family Welfare Bureau
Answer: c
Clarification: The State Family Welfare Bureau is functioning at State Head quarter as an administrative unit for implementation of Family Welfare programme in all the districts of the State. The District Family Welfare Bureau functions in the district health office.

4. Which one of the following is the activity of the Family Welfare Programme?
a) Malnutrition programme
b) Child marriage
c) IUD programme
d) One child one nation policy
Answer: c
Clarification: Intrauterine device (IUD) is one of the main programmes of the Family Welfare programme. IUD program leads to a big decline in teen pregnancies and it also decreases the rate of abortions.

5. What is the main aim of Janani Suraksha Yojana which is the programme by the Family Welfare programme?
a) To provide pensions to widow women
b) To provide shelters to poor people
c) To encourage people to use safe sexual methods
d) Reducing maternal and neonatal mortality
Answer: d
Clarification: Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention. It comes under the National Rural Heath Mission. It is being implemented with the objective of reducing maternal and neonatal mortality.

6. There are a number of problems in the adolescent period for females.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: There are a number of problems arise in the adolescent period. Especially females face problems like low nutrition, low health status, early marriage, early pregnancy, low contraceptive prevalence etc.

7. When did Janani Suraksha Yojana launched?
a) 2000
b) 2005
c) 2010
d) 2015
Answer: b
Clarification: Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) was launched in April 2005. It was launched by modifying the National Maternity Benefit Scheme. The National Maternity Benefit Scheme came into effect in 1995as one of the components of the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP).

8. Which is the first country to initiate a Family Planning program in the world?
a) Brazil
b) Pakistan
c) India
d) France
Answer: c
Clarification: India is the first country to initiate a Family Planning program in the world. In India family planning program is launched in 1952. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the government unit responsible for formulating and executing Family Planning in India.

9. When the Family Planning Insurance Scheme was introduced?
a) 2003
b) 2005
c) 2007
d) 2009
Answer: b
Clarification: Family Planning Insurance Scheme (FPIS) was introduced on 29 November 2005. It was introduced with Oriental Insurance Company to take care of cases of failure of sterilization or death resulting from sterilization.

10. Which is the first State in India to recognize the basic relevance of family planning to nation planning?
a) Kerala
b) Goa
c) Karnataka
d) Tamil Nadu
Answer: d
Clarification: Tamil Nadu is the first Indian State to recognize the basic relevance of family planning to national planning. It was given national awards for outstanding work in family planning for many times. Hence Family Planning is successfully continuing in Tamil Nadu.

11. Why is family planning important?
a) For birth control issues
b) For having unwanted pregnancies
c) For having child every year
d) To get pregnant before the age of twenty
Answer: a
Clarification: Family planning is important for every sexually active adult to consider birth control issues. This is not only for the purpose of preventing unwanted pregnancies, but also to plan the timing of conception for unwanted pregnancies.

12. In a Hormonal method of family planning, maximum how many hormones are included?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: b
Clarification: There is a wide variety of family planning options available. In Hormonal method is one of the family planning options. These include maximum of two hormones, namely estrogen and progestin, or only progestin.

13. What is Natural Family Planning?
a) Not having sexual intercourse on the particular days when women is fertile
b) Not having sexual intercourse in any time
c) Having sexual intercourse irrespective of any period
d) Having sexual intercourse with the help of contraceptives
Answer: a
Clarification: Natural Family Planning refers to any method of contraception in which pregnancy is prevented by not having sexual intercourse on the particular days when the women are fertile. For this a careful study is made on woman’s menstruation cycle.

14. There are different types of family planning.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: There are wide varieties of family planning options available. Some of them are broadly divided into the following categories, a) Barrier methods, b) Hormonal methods, c) Natural methods, d) Intrauterine devices, e) Permanent methods etc.

Energy & Environment Management Multiple Choice Questions on “Deforestation”.

1. What is the cause of discoloration in fresh water?
a) Fungal bloom
b) Viral bloom
c) An algae bloom
d) Bacterial bloom
Answer: c
Clarification: Algae blooms are the most common problems encountered by fresh water bodies like lake and pond. Certain forms of algae may harbor toxins. By mechanical and physical intervention we can keep the fresh water clean and clear.

2. The Great Smog in 1952 caused in which city?
a) Delhi
b) Lahore
c) London
d) New York
Answer: c
Clarification: In 1952 severe air pollution caused in London. It combined with an anticyclone cold weather, windless conditions and collected air borne pollutants which are raised from the use of coal. This is one of the clear example of deforestation and lack of fresh air.

3. In which forest we can see deforestation to large extent?
a) Atlantic forest
b) Amazon forest
c) Borneo forest
d) Sumatra forest
Answer: b
Clarification: According to World Wildlife report Amazon forest is the region where we can see more number of deforestation than any other region. Amazon forest which is the world’s largest forest is also the site of the biggest projected loss due to deforestation.

4. Due to deforestation the pure air that we intake became less in its availability.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The air humans and other animals consume is oxygen. Trees release oxygen when they use energy from sunlight to male glucose from carbon dioxide and water. But due to deforestation there is a lack of trees which thereby reduced the air production and this also cause increase in carbon dioxide level.

5. The biggest driver of deforestation is_______________
a) Agriculture
b) Forest fire
c) Volcanic activities
d) Soil erosion
Answer: a
Clarification: The biggest driver of deforestation is Agriculture. This is due to, farmers cut forests to provide more space for planting crops. The other reason is grazing livestock. The process of burning of trees by cutting them is known as slash agriculture.

6. The best way to reduce deforestation is by_________________
a) Using more paper
b) Clear more area of trees to grow plant
c) Burning forest in order to create cultivated land
d) Clear more area of plants to grow trees
Answer: d
Clarification: In order to reduce deforestation we need to make sure it is possible only by growing more number of trees. The large trees will make dense forest and by this only we can able to avoid deforestation. All the other options create deforestation.

7. Due to deforestation how much fields worth of trees is lost per minute?
a) 12 football
b) 24 football
c) 36 football
d) 48 football
Answer: c
Clarification: According to World Wildlife Fund about 36 football fields worth of trees lost every minute. It’s due to various reasons like agriculture, for logging, for bio fuels, for the construction of roads, mining etc.

8. Rain forest land is most often cleared for___________
a) Pasture
b) Forest fire
c) Human activities
d) High pressure
Answer: c
Clarification: In rain forest land is majorly losing its land due to human activities. Large areas of rain forest are being cut down often in order to remove just a few logs. Rain forest is being destroyed at double the rate than ever. There is a very high rate of extinction.

9. The main cause of wildfire is____________
a) Volcanic activity
b) Lightening
c) Pollution
d) Human activity
Answer: d
Clarification: Human beings are the number one cause of wildfires. Many of these wildfires are caused by cigarette butts being left on the land. Some of the man made causes of wildfires are, burning debris, arson, equipment failure, unattended campfires.

10. Which nation is most affected by deforestation?
a) Honduras
b) Indonesia
c) Benin
d) Ghana
Answer: a
Clarification: Honduras is the nation which is most affected by deforestation. In Honduras, 37% of forest land is lost due to deforestation. Whereas Indonesia, Benin and Ghana saw a decline of 26%, 31%, 28% respectively.

11. Deforestation is a good process.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: No, deforestation is not a good process. Deforestation clears the forest area which directly effects animals and environment. Though there are some advantages of deforestation like agricultural practices and create an opportunity to graze animals. But instead of this, we can use alternative methods in order to save forest.

12. Which type of farming cause more amount of deforestation?
a) Subsistence farming
b) Commercial farming
c) Mixed farming
d) Dairy farming
Answer: a
Clarification: According to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change, the direct cause of deforestation is agriculture. In agriculture, Subsistence farming is responsible for 48% of deforestation and commercial farming is responsible for 32%.

Energy & Environment Management Multiple Choice Questions on “Ecological Pyramids”.

1. Who developed ecological pyramids for the first time?
a) Charles Newton
b) Charles Elton
c) Charles Babbage
d) Charles Darwin
Answer: b
Clarification: Ecological pyramids were first developed by Charles Elton. Since he first developed ecological pyramid is also known as Eltonian pyramid. An ecological pyramid may be erect or inverted depending on the type of criterion and the ecosystem.

2. Where we can find the inverted pyramids of biomass?
a) Terrestrial ecosystem
b) Aquatic ecosystem
c) Grassland ecosystem
d) Desert ecosystem
Answer: b
Clarification: Aquatic ecosystems have inverted biomass pyramids because there’s a high turnover rate of producers. This is stable because high rates of production keep up to consumption rates. Inverted food pyramid means that consumers are more than producers.

3. Which of the following shows the numbers of the producers, herbivores and the carnivores at their successive trophic levels?
a) Food web
b) Food chain
c) Pyramid of biomass
d) Pyramid of numbers
Answer: d
Clarification: Pyramid of numbers is the number of organisms in a food chain can represent graphically in a pyramid. Each bar represents the number of individuals at each trophic level in the food chain. Hence pyramid of numbers represent the number of herbivores and the carnivores at their successive trophic levels.

4. How can we indicate the accurate energy passed at each trophic level?
a) By the help of pyramid of number
b) By the help of pyramid of biomass
c) By the help of pyramid of energy
d) By the help of pyramid of food web
Answer: b
Clarification: A pyramid of biomass is a more accurate indication of how much energy is passed at each trophic level. Biomass is the mass of living material in each organism multiplied by the total number of organisms in that trophic level.

5. Which of the following statement is true for pyramid of biomass?
a) The biomass in each trophic level is always more than the below trophic level
b) The biomass in each trophic level is always less than the below trophic level
c) The biomass in each trophic level is entirely different compared to below one
d) Trophic level don’t pass energy
Answer: b
Clarification: Biomass is a measure of the amount of food available. When animals eat only a small proportion of their food, it is converted into new tissue. This tissue is the food for the next trophic level organisms.

6. Pyramid of energy shows the relationship between energy and trophic level.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Pyramid of energy depicts flow of energy in the ecosystem. Source of all energy in ecosystem is the sun. Producers are only organisms in an ecosystem that can trap the solar energy. So base of energy pyramid is always wide compare to others.

7. What is the significance of the shape of the pyramid of energy?
a) It shows decrease in energy
b) It shows increase in energy
c) It shows the direction of energy flow
d) It shows the trophic levels
Answer: a
Clarification: Pyramid of energy is always upright in shape, this is because as energy lost as heat along food chains either used in respiration or lost due to heat. So there will be decrease in energy. Energy transformation is just about 10% for higher trophic levels.

8. Why are the trophic levels is in the shape of pyramid?
a) Due to loss of energy between the trophic level
b) Due to good looking
c) Due to increase of energy between the trophic level
d) Due to stable energy between the trophic level
Answer: a
Clarification: The pyramid shape of the trophic level comes from the loss of energy between the levels. The chain grows only 10% of the energy supply to the proceeding animals, that energy loss will be used to produce new primary consumers.

9. Which pyramid is always upright apart from tree ecosystem?
a) Pyramid of Number
b) Pyramid of Biomass
c) Pyramid of Energy
d) Pyramid of Force
Answer: a
Clarification: Pyramid of a number represents the total number of organisms at each trophic level. It is always upright except in a tree ecosystem. In tree ecosystem pyramid of number is inverted. Usually, it contains four trophic levels.

10. What is the exception to the upright pyramid of biomass?
a) Temperate forests
b) Deserts
c) Aquatic ecosystems
d) Grassland ecosystems
Answer: c
Clarification: The pyramids of biomass represent the relationship between different trophic levels in terms of biomass. In aquatic ecosystem the producers are small organisms with least biomass and the biomass gradually increase towards the apex of the pyramid.

11. In an energy pyramid, which way does energy transfer occur?
a) From both top to bottom and bottom to top of pyramid
b) From middle of pyramid
c) From top to the bottom of pyramid
d) From bottom to the top of pyramid
Answer: d
Clarification: The largest source of energy for an ecosystem is the Sun. Energy and nutrients passed when one organism eats another. Usually producers are in large amount when compared to that of consumers.

12. Which of the following ecological pyramids is the most fundamental?
a) Pyramid of energy
b) Pyramid of numbers
c) Pyramid of biomass
d) Pyramid of force
Answer: a
Clarification: Pyramid of energy is a diagrammatic expression of the rates of flow of energy through the different trophic levels of an ecosystem. The pyramid reflects the rates of respiration and photosynthesis.

13. How many types of ecological pyramids are there?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: c
Clarification: There are three types of ecological pyramids are there, a) Pyramid of Number: It represents the total number of organisms at each trophic level. b) Pyramid of Biomass: It represents total weight of the organisms in each trophic level. c) Pyramid of Energy: It represents total energy of the organisms in each trophic level.

14. The pyramid of biomass is upright in aquatic ecosystem.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Pyramid of Biomass is inverted in case of aquatic ecosystem because the producers in aquatic ecosystem are phytoplankton. This phytoplankton grows and reproduces rapidly. The pyramid of biomass has a small base, with the consumer biomass exceeding the producer biomass.