Category: English Notes PPT

The aim is to explain the Dear Departed Class 10 Summary. The Dear Departed essay is the drama by Stanley Haughton. In this drama, the poet has used so many devices and equipment, to criticise and denounce human characteristics. In this, he also uses the combination of dramatic irony and sarcasm and simultaneously speech and some humour with a twist to condemn the human traits.

Besides, the characters and virtues in the story tale two – dimensional, and there is no improvement. This enables us to glance through the characters to understand and interpret their actions. In this short play, Haughton manages and tends to portray irony and sarcasm in various ways. Firstly, the title is ironic and satire in itself. It illustrates that the Departed, Abel Merryweather, was not one bit Dear and valuable to them. All the sisters cared about was the money or valuables he owned.

The Dear Departed – Summary

‘The Dear Departed’ depicts the hollow relationship among a family. The story shows how in today’s world everything is governed by selfishness and greediness. It shows how two daughters are only concerned about their father’s material possession. The play is a satire on the bonds among modern day families.

Mrs. Slater asks her daughter Victoria to not go out in the street to play when her grandfather is lying ‘dead’. She also tells her to change her dress before her aunt Elizabeth and uncle Ben arrive in the house. She informs her that they are coming to talk about grandpa and everything that has happened.

She says to her husband Henry that they must look better than her sister Elizabeth and her husband Ben in the mourning dress. Henry is not sure if they will come or not. But she argues that Elizabeth will come at once after her share from their father’s possessions.

She asks Henry to wear grandfather’s new slippers so that it looks like Hendry is the owner of the slippers and they will not have to divide them. She tells him how she always wanted to have grandfather’s bureau under her possession  after his death. When Henry says that Elizabeth will not allow this to happen, Mrs. Slater suggests that they could put the old chest of drawers at the place of the bureau and nobody will know about this besides them. Elizabeth could have the old chest of drawers as her share. So she asks Henry to help bring down the bureau along with grandfather’s clock. She asks her daughter Victoria to close the door and inform her immediately if her aunt arrives. Victoria doesn’t like such behaviour of her mother at all.

Before Elizabeth and Ben’s arrival, Mrs. Slater has already brought down the bureau and taken the clock. Now Mrs. Jordan and her husband enter. Mrs. Jordan instantly says that finally grandfather has been dead. She also says that they couldn’t come early as they had been waiting for their mourning dresses. She asks her sister what the doctor said about grandfather.

Mrs. Slater tells her that Dr. Pringle was sent for but he was out of town. When Mrs. Jordan said that it was a fatal mistake referring to her grandfather’s death, Mrs. Slater does not approve and both start quarreling on how grandfather should have been taken care of. Mrs. Slater tells her that father had been very happy that morning. He had gone to pay his insurance. She further said that he must have gone to ‘Ring-O’-Bells’ after paying the insurance.

Mrs. Slater further told them that she went to offer him food to eat. She then put the tray down on the ‘bureau’. She then corrected herself quickly and said ‘on the chest of drawers’. She asked if her sister would visit their father. But she preferred to go after having tea.

Now Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan discuss how to announce their father’s death in the press. Mrs. Jordan suggests reciting a poem but Mrs. Slater says it will be expensive. Then they come to talk about dividing jewellery and other things. Mrs. Jordan tells that father promised to give his gold watch to jimmy. This amazes Mrs. Slater. Ben seems more concerned about father’s insurance money. Victoria tells them  that grandpa didn’t go to pay his insurance that day. Mrs. Slater doubts that father must have visited Ring-O-Bells instead of the insurance office.

At this, Ben calls father a ‘drunken old beggar’. Mrs. Slater is furious because she kept him for three years with her. Mrs. Jordan is even more furious and accuses him saying she kept him for five years. Mrs. Slater asks to check if the insurance receipt is in the bureau. Then both the sisters start fighting over the bureau.

After some time, Victoria informs everyone that grandpa is getting up. Everyone is surprised because they thought he was dead. Father Abel asks the reason for his kids’ arrival. He is irritated because no one responds to this. Mrs. Jordan asks if he is well. Abel sees Henry is wearing his slippers and is agitated by it. He asks them why they are wearing mourning dress. Victoria is very happy that her grandfather is not dead.

Grandpa again asks who’s dead and why is everyone wearing mourning dress. Mrs. Slater lies, saying Ben’s brother is dead. Mrs. Slater also offers him some pie to eat. Grandpa tells everyone he was tired and was sleeping since morning. Then his gaze falls upon the bureau and asks why it has been taken from his bedroom. Then he also sees his clock. Both of his daughters start arguing about this and he is watching them confused. Mrs. Jordan tells him that he was thought to be dead and accuses Mrs. Slater and Henry for stealing his things

Now grandpa Abel has understood everything. He understood that his possessions were being divided. Henry asks him about his will. He tells them that the will is in the bureau. Mrs. Slater requests him not to be hard on her. Grandpa tells that he shall make a new Will leaving all his things to whomever will take care of him until his death.

Now both the sisters want him to stay with them. But Mrs. Slater says that Mrs. Jordan has had enough time with father. Grandfather Abel tells them that they have mistreated him in the past and they should not be very proud of it. Ben suggests to him that he should live with one of his daughters.

But he has other plans. He tells them that on next monday he is going to do three things. First is to go to the lawyer and change his will. Second is to pay the insurance premium. Third is to marry Mrs. John Shorrocks, the owner of ‘Ring-O-Bells’. He then thanks Mrs. Slater for bringing the bureau downstairs. It would be easy to carry it from there.

Conclusion

Summary of the Chapter the Dear Departed focuses on the moral values which everyone should learn. It depicts that nowadays, the value of money is far more than human emotions. The book further shows how family values are decreasing in society. Materialism has affected the modern life of ordinary people that even the Father and daughter’s respectful relationship is also tainted with it. The play highlights the aspects of the matched craftsmen by wonderfully absorbing the ordering of the scenes. 

The poetic end of the story is real of the playwright. And Abel’s reply to his selfish and careless daughter leaves them stunned. They left regretfully, and we’re feeling guilty for what they have done to his father for their selfishness of them. The Summary of the Dear Departed Chapter ends like this.

The Dear Departed Summary also brings the harsh reality of the family. When it comes to money, they gave more importance to money than the father. All this just die the love of a family and a father-daughter. The absence of moral values in the family leads to a lack of responsibility in the kids. This is the reality of the modern family; sometimes they didn’t care about family and gave importance to money or things.

This happens because of moral values. If they have not learned the moral and ethics in the family; sometimes, children go against their family. This play also depicts the same thing that Alen didn’t know about his selfish daughters, and after learning the truth, he decided to live alone with his newly married wife, who he can trust for life. This shows the reality of family when it comes to morality and money.

So, kids must learn the moral values of the family and respect every person with dignity. The most important thing is that the children learn to respect and love their family and it’s the family’s responsibility to teach their children good moral values to make them strong enough to choose between right and wrong things.

The Midnight Visitor, authored by Robert Arthur, is a detective story. The following article aims at providing a summary of The Midnight Visitor in a comprehensive manner. You will find the essence of mystery in The Midnight Visitor Class 10 summary intact. It is aptly written for Class 10 students as they are inclined towards detective stories at this age. The summary of Midnight Visitor covers the whole story in two parts – the first part gives a brief outline and the second part – a detailed overview.

Read The Midnight Visitor summary in English so that you can answer any question coming from it in the exam.

A Short Summary of The Midnight Visitor

The Midnight Visitor is a story about how a detective named Ausable got rid of his rival Max applying his brain in a grave situation. If you go through the detailed summary of The Midnight Visitor Class 10, you will find that Ausable was in search of some sensitive papers in the hotel room. Suddenly, he was attacked by his rival named Max. Max put him at the gunpoint and claimed the sensitive papers. However, Ausable got rid of the situation by applying extraordinary intelligence.

Ausable was too fat to be a secret agent. The fact surprised Fowler, a friend of Ausable. Fowler got scared at the situation. However, understanding the gravity of the situation, Ausable created a story about a fake balcony. Max believed the story of the non-existent balcony. Ausable again created a fake story involving police. Max believed that story too and instead of evading the police, he jumped into that nonexistent fake balcony.

The Midnight Visitor is a story of how anyone can get rid of a crunch situation with the help of common sense. We will find the details of the summary of The Midnight Visitor in the next section.

The Midnight Visitor Class 10 Summary: An In-Depth Explanation

The Midnight Visitor Class 10 is a story about the clever secret agent Ausable. He was accompanied by his friend Fowler who was a writer. They decided to spend the evening together. Ausable appeared to Fowler exactly the opposite he thought about him. However, Ausable assured him that his thoughts were about to change as he would get a very important report which would decide the future of the country.

Ausable and Fowler went to the hotel room booked in the name of Ausable. But, the situation was not as easy as they thought. A rival of Ausable named Max stood with a gun in the room and he immediately claimed the reports related to missiles arrived.

Summary of The Midnight Visitor rightly pointed out the fragrance of a detective story. Although that was a usual situation for a secret agent like Ausable, it was not so usual for Fowler. On the other hand, Ausable was very witty. He created a story about a fake balcony below the window of his room. At the time of this scenario, the door was knocked by someone continuously. Ausable told Max that it was the police who came for verification of the room. Max believed the story and threatened to shoot both of them if Ausable didn’t send the police back. Meanwhile, he would wait in the balcony as mentioned by Ausable.

The Midnight Visitor summary is a blend of intelligence, common sense and wit. After the turning of the doorknob, Max jumped out of the window.  A strident screaming was heard. At the same time, the waiter entered the room with wine that was ordered by Ausable. Fowler was astonished about the whole incident. He was very much curious about the police and Max. Ausable assured him that there was no police and there was no balcony outside the window.

Short summary of The Midnight Visitor shows the intelligence of Ausable as he took the benefit of the circumstances and successfully befooled Max. Max was completely deceived by Ausable and did what was planned by Ausable. Since he jumped from the top floor of the hotel, he expired. In this way, Ausable got rid of a crunched situation.

Summary of The Midnight Visitor Class 10 gives us a very significant message. Don’t lose your head in a tight situation. Be calm and apply your brain. You will be able to get out of the situation.

The Rules to Write a Summary of a Story

In order to write a proper summary, having the knowledge of the proper outline of the literary work is very important. A summary signifies a brief piece of writing that will include all the important factors and information constituting the plot of the story. In order to write a proper summary, you should find the answers to the objective questions that you can find while reading the entire literary work.

In the case of the Midnight Visitor, you should focus on the main characters of the story, the responsibilities carried out by them and their purpose in shaping the outline of the story. You should find answers to questions like who are Ausable and Max? What are the roles played by them that can advance the plot of the story? In the end, you must include the proper conclusion that will provide the audience with the necessary information that they need to know about the climax.

• Identifying the theme underneath the storyline is also very important and must be included while writing the summary of the story. The theme is the most important component that can shape the summary in a proper way. 

• In Midnight Visitor, the thing suggests the importance of wisdom over the strength of the weapons. Another important theme that is hidden underneath the storyline is that people should never judge a person or try to infer information about individuals judging by their appearance only. Mentioning the theme can help the readers to understand what the story primarily wants to convey.

• If there are any supporting characters in the story, the writers should talk about them briefly and mention only the important parts played by the characters. Since the role of the supporting characters is to provide the readers with additional information that can help the plot to develop, there is no need to talk about them in detail while writing the summary of a story.

• The summary should always be brief. A proper opening sentence is of prime significance as it can instantly capture the attention of the readers. In the opening sentence, the writers can include the purpose of the author in penning down the story. Also, they can include a short sentence discussing the characteristics of the protagonist of the story.

• In the body part of the summary, the actions should be mentioned in brief sentences and in easy language. The purpose of reading the summary of a particular story is to have an idea about the storyline quickly. After mentioning all the important information, the writers should write an impressive concluding line. It can talk about the other possibilities in the case of an open ending story or can be a statement that can relate to the readers.

Adrienne Rich was a poet, essayist, and feminist in America. She was born on 16th May 1929. Some of her popular works include ‘Woman Born’, ‘One Lies, Secrets and Silence’, and ‘When We Dead Awaken’. She was awarded the Shelley Award from the Poetry Society of America in 1971.

Theme

The theme of the poem for Class 10 is that trees are not very happy with the activities of human beings. The crux of the poem is the conflict between man and nature. A plant is brought inside the house when it is a sapling but as it grows, it gets suffocated with the limited space available. So, it departs to feel free. The trees are thus moving out from the poet’s house to the forest to free themselves. Humans must understand that their actions are impacting negatively on nature and mend their ways before it’s too late. 

 

Summary of ‘The Trees Poem’ for Class 10

The poem The Trees’ is about plants that we use for decorating our house. These plants are grown in small pots and pans to beautify houses. Human beings have confined nature within their four walls. They have uprooted trees from the large forests and kept them in artificial glasshouses. This poem portrays how humans have harmed nature for their selfish needs.

The poem, ‘The Trees’ written by Adrienne Rich is about decorative pants. These plants are grown within the four walls and in no way, they can help the birds and insects. Birds cannot sit on the branches and the insects cannot hide in them. They don’t give any shade. Their twigs are stiff. Their boughs are like a newly discharged patient. They are devoid of light. Their leaves rush towards the glass window for light because they feel suffocated in their small pots and pans. The poet is sitting inside her room. She is writing long letters. It is the night time and she can sense the smell of the leaves and lichen reaching inside her room. The poet has a strong feeling of desire that these trees should make all efforts to get light and air. 

 

‘The Trees’ is an extended metaphor— the trees are indeed people, specifically, females who need healing or having been healed, are now ready for their true purpose, renewing the empty forest. 

 

Explanation by Stanzas

In the first stanza, the trees described are either decorative plants kept inside a house or are shown only in a painting or picture. So, there is no place for birds to sit and insects have no place to hide because they are not real trees. Due to the absence of the forest, the sun has no shadow to cool its feet and so the trees are moving out to the forest. Now, as the plants in the house are moving out, the forest that was empty all these days will be full of trees the next morning. 

 

In the second stanza, the poet says that in the night, the roots work to free themselves from the cracks in the veranda floor so that they could move out. The leaves are making efforts to move towards the glass, perhaps in search of light. The twigs have become stiff as they try to pull themselves towards the light. The boughs of the trees are compared to newly discharged patients, who are anxious and depressed. As soon as they recover, they are eager to move out of the clinic doors. In the same way, the plants in the pot feel suffocated and they are eager to move out of the house in the hope of finding the light. 

 

In the third stanza, the poet says that she is sitting inside her house and writing long letters. In those letters, she does not mention how trees are struggling to come out of her house. She stares at the fresh night where the full moon was shining brightly in the sky. The poet further says that as a voice in the room, the smell of the leaves and fungus is still prevalent. 

 

In the last stanza, the poet says that there are many thoughts going on in the poet’s mind, which will be silenced by tomorrow morning. The poet can hear the sound of glass breaking and the trees moving out of the house at night, and the wind seems to welcome them. The poet says that the moon in the sky looks like a broken mirror because it is partially covered by the branches and the leaves. These broken pieces of the moon look as if they are crowning the oldest oak tree.

 

The Trees Summary – Introduction

Adrienne Cecile Rich was a famous American poet, essayist, and feminist. She is remembered for her contributions to poetry during the second half of the 20th century. In Baltimore, Maryland, she was born to pathologist Arnold Rice Rich and Helen Elizabeth, a concert pianist and composer. She was from a Jewish family with two younger sisters. Rich’s first collection of poetry, A change of the world, earned her Yales series of younger poets award. She received a Guggenheim fellowship to study at Oxford for a year after graduation. Rich married Alfred Haskell Conrad, an economics professor at Harvard University. While in Cambridge, Massachusetts, she published her second volume, The Diamond Cutters. Rich’s famous poems include The Trees, Necessities of Life, Leaflets, and The Will to Change. Her poems earned her several awards, including the Lifetime achievement award, the prestigious Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, and the National poetry association award.

 

The Trees Summary – Explanation per stanza

The first stanza tells that forest is trees’ natural habitat. So the trees planted indoors start moving toward a forest to get freedom. The poem further talks about the destroyed forests that lack trees, birds, insects, sunlight hiding in shadows and life. The poet has used trees as a metaphor to explain how humans have destroyed the forest. The poet feels that the empty forest will be full by morning with the trees moving.

The second stanza tells how the trees work throughout the night to achieve their freedom mission. They work all night to move through cracks on the veranda floor. The leaves pressure glass to break through the ceiling, and the small twigs stiffen due to continuous pressure exertion. The long branches have shrunk due to the cramped space. The trees move slowly away from home and look like newly discharged patients from the hospital. They, just like the patients, get confused while moving to the clinic door. They cannot believe that they are approaching their natural habitat.

The third stanza talks about the poet who sits inside her house on the veranda writing long letters while keeping the doors open. In the letters, she hardly mentions the departure of the trees to the empty forest. Yet, at night time and with the moon shining in the sky, the poet can smell the odor of the leaves and lichen moving towards her. The smell of the trees reaches her in a way similar to a voice reaching a room.

In the last stanza, the poet listens to the whisper of the trees leaving the house. The trees manage to reach the empty forest the next day, and silence occurs in the house. The poet then hears the sound of glass breaking. The glass breaks as the trees move in a hurry; they fall on each other in this process. The trees feel the fast-blowing wind that comes to meet them. The length of the trees makes the moon break into pieces like a mirror. Now the moon seems like a crown fitting on the head of the oak trees.

The different words can be grouped as adverbs, verbs, nouns, adjectives etc. The sentence is essentially the combination of different words arranged or structured in a meaningful way. The phrases, on the other hand, are a group of words that don’t have a precise meaning or topic or not even a verb. Thus the addition of phrases in the sentence gives meaning. The clause is somewhere in the middle of sentences and phrases. The clause has a definite subject, meaning, predicate, and verb. 

Types of Clauses

Let us see what is the meaning of clauses and their types. We can group different words available as verbs, adverbs, adjectives, nouns, etc. So the sentence is a combination of these words that are arranged in a meaningful way. And the phrases are the group of words that don’t have exact meaning or a subject or not even a verb. Hence adding them in the sentences will provide meaning.

Thus the clause lies in the middle of the sentence and the phrases. It has a definite meaning, subject, predicate, and a verb. Now we will learn about kinds of clauses and clauses examples.

Different Types of Clauses Used in English Grammar

The two different types of clauses in English are the Independent clause and the Dependent clause. The independent clause is also referred to as the principal clause. It has a subject as well as a verb, and it can also be used as a sentence. These cannot be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs since they act as sentences. An example of the independent clause is: She is intelligent.

The dependent clause is also called the subordinate clause and it needs an independent clause for providing the complete meaning to the sentence. The dependent clause is made of subject, verb, and predicate but it doesn’t act as the sentence as they need support from the independent clause. An example of the dependent clause is: He cried since he fell down the stairs. The dependent clause can also be used as the noun clause, adverb clause, and adjective clause.

The different types of dependent clauses are conditional clauses and relative clauses. The conditional clause helps in describing something which is possible or probable. It begins with either “unless” or “if”.  An example of the dependent conditional clause is: “I will be back in one hour unless there is heavy traffic”.

The relative clause is associated with the main clause by some words like “that”, “which”, “whose”, “whom”, “where”, or “when”.

The relative clause can be further classified into restrictive clause and non-restrictive clause.  

There are Two Different Types of Clauses:

1. Independent Clause:
   It is also called a principal clause. It has both a subject and a verb, it can also act as a sentence. These cannot be simply used as nouns, adverbs or adjectives as they act as a sentence.
   Example: She is intelligent.

2. Dependent Clause:
   It is also known as a subordinate clause, it requires an independent clause to provide the complete meaning of the sentence. This dependent clause consists of a verb, subject and a predicate but they cannot act as a sentence instead they need the support of an independent clause.
   Example: He cried because he fell down the stairs.

These can be used as Noun, Adverb, and Adjective as well.

Dependent Clause: Types of Clauses with Examples

1. Conditional Clause:
   The clause helps to describe something that is probable or possible. It begins with “if or unless”.
   Example: I will be back home in one hour unless there is heavy traffic.

2. Relative Clauses:
   The relative clause is connected to the main clause by some of the words such as which, that, who, whose, whom, when, or where.
   Example: I visited this place when I was traveling to Switzerland.
   The Relative Clause is further divided into Two Types:
   These are divided based on the usage of the word “that” while introducing the relative clause.

• Restrictive Relative Clauses: It is also called a defining relative clause. It provides required information about the noun which comes before it. In the absence of this clause, the meaning of the sentence is not completed. One should not place a comma before the restrictive clause. Which, whose, that, whom, or who comes under this clause.
  For example, She held the leg which was hurt.

Example: Whom professor John hit in the hand with chalk.

Here ‘whom’ acts as a relative pronoun, professor John acts as the subject and hit acts as a verb. Same as that of the subordinate clause, the adjective clause cannot alone, cannot act as a complete thought, so along with that, the main clause has to be added to provide complete meaning. Adding an adjective clause is a bit tricky, before the usage one must decide if it is essential or nonessential and add the commas as required. The essential adjective clause does not require a comma whereas the nonessential adjective clauses need it.

• A noun clause does not have any particular pattern instead it just acts as a noun.
  Example: I really want to know the ingredients in the cake prepared by your aunt.
  Here the ‘ingredients’ acts as a noun, so here in place of “ingredients” if we add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully it acts as a noun clause.
  Example: I really want to know what your aunt adds to the cake.

Conclusion

The clause is something that lies between the phrase and the sentence, and it has a subject, a definite meaning, and even the predicate. These clauses are fundamentally into two types, and they can be further classified into different types based on their usage. The clauses used in the sentence can also be recognized where some of the clauses provide complete information by acting as the sentence. Some of the clauses depend on different clauses for adding meaning to the sentence. 

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change. There are different types of pollution like air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, land pollution. Water pollution is the pollution of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, seas, oceans as well as groundwater.

Earth is the only planet to have liquid water on its surface. About 71% of the earth’s surface is water-covered and the oceans hold about 96% of all earth’s water, only 2.5% of the water we can use for our essential things. The human body must require the nearest 3-litre water every day. Water is one of the very important elements of our life and the environment. However, this is also a fact that Earth has a fixed amount of water on its surface. Water has the nature to change its state in the form of rain, snow, fog etc. This entire process takes place in a cycle which is called the water cycle.

The water cycle, called  the hydrological cycle, involves the following steps:

1. Evaporation- Because of the sun’s heat, the water bodies such as oceans, lakes, seas etc., get heated up, and water evaporates in the air, forming water vapours.

2. Transpiration- Like evaporation, the plants and trees also lose water from them which goes to the atmosphere. This process is called transpiration.

3. Condensation- As the water evaporates, it starts to become cool because of the cold atmosphere in the air and because of this cooling down of water leads to the formation of clouds.

4. Precipitation- Because of the high movements of the wings, the clouds start to collide and then fall back to the earth’s surface in the form of rain. Sometimes they also fall back in the form of snow, hail, sleet etc., depending upon the temperature.

5. Runoff or Infiltration- After precipitation, the water either flows to the water bodies called runoff or is absorbed into the soil, called infiltration.

 

Causes of Water Pollution

There are many reasons for water pollution. Some of the reasons are directly affected by water pollution and some indirectly. Many factories and industries are dumping contaminated water, chemicals, and heavy metals into major waterways as a result of direct water pollution. 

One more reason for water pollution is the use of modern techniques in farms. Farmers apply nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium in the form of chemical fertilizers, manure, and sludge. It causes farms to discharge large quantities of agrochemicals, organic matter, and saline drainage into water bodies. It indirectly affects water pollution.

Pollutants can be of various types such as organic, inorganic, radioactive etc. Water pollutants are discharged either from one point from pipes, channels etc., which are called point sources or from various other sources. They can be agricultural areas, industries etc., called dispersed sources. 

Some of the major forms of water pollutants are as follows:

1. Sewage- Domestic sewage from homes contains various forms of pathogens that threaten the human body. Sewage treatment reduces the risk of pathogens, but this risk is not eliminated. 

Domestic sewage majorly contains nitrates and phosphates, and excess of these substances allows the algae to grow on the surface of water bodies. Due to this, the clean water bodies become nutrient-rich water body and then slowly, the oxygen level of water bodies reduces. This is called eutrophication or cultural eutrophication (if this step rapidly takes place by the activities of humans). This leads to the early death of water bodies.

2. Toxins- The industrial or factory wastes that are not disposed of properly and contain chemicals such as mercury and lead are disposed of in the water bodies making the bodies toxic, radioactive, explosive and cancerous.

3. Sediments- Sediments are the result of soil erosion that is formed in the water bodies. These sediments imbalances the water bodies ecologically. They also interfere in the reproductive cycle of various aquatic animals living in the water.

4. Thermal pollution- Water bodies get polluted because of heat, and excess heat reduces the oxygen level of the water bodies. Some of the species of fish cannot live in such water bodies with very low oxygen levels. The disposal of cold waters from the power plants leads to increased thermal pollution in the water bodies.

5. Petroleum oil pollution- The runoff of oil into the water bodies, either accidentally as happened in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico, or intentionally, leads to an increase in water pollution.

As water is an important element of human health, polluted water directly affects the human body. Water pollution causes various diseases like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, cancer, etc. Water pollution damages the plants and aquatic animals present in the river by reducing the oxygen content from the water. Polluted water washes the essential nutrients which plants need out of the soil and also leaves large amounts of aluminium in the soil, which can be harmful to plants. 

Wastewater and sewage are a by-product of daily life and thus produced by each household through various activities like using soap, toilets, and detergents. Such sewage contains chemicals and bacteria which are harmful to human life and environmental health. Water pollution also leads to an imbalance in our ecosystem. Lastly, it also affects the food chain as the toxins in the water bodies are consumed by aquatic animals like fish, crabs etc., and then humans consume those animals forming turmoil. 

Sometimes our tradition also becomes a cause for water pollution. Some people throw the statues of deities, flowers, pots, and ashes in rivers.

There are various standards to define water quality standards. Water meant for swimming may not be clean enough for drinking, or water meant for bathing may not be good for cooking. Therefore, there are different water standards for defined:

• Stream standards- Standards that define streams, lakes, oceans or seas based on their maximum use.

• Effluent standards- Define the specific standards for the level of contaminants or effluents allowed during the final discharge of those into the water bodies.

• Drinking water standards- Define the level of contamination allowed in water that will be supplied for drinking or cooking in the domestic areas.

Different countries regulate their water quality standards through different acts and amendments.

While many of the solutions for water pollution need to be applied on a broader macro-level for that individual, companies, and communities can have a significant and responsible impact on the water quality. Companies, factories have to dispose of leftover chemicals and containers properly as per the product instructions. Farmers also have to reduce the use of nitrates and phosphates from fertilizers, pesticides, and contamination of groundwater. 

The Swachh Bharat Mission of the government had led to reduced groundwater contamination. Under the Namami Ganga program, the government has initiated several major projects to clean Ganga. Along with all these steps, conservation of water is the very basic and important step towards water conservation and should be followed globally, treatment of sewage before their disposal in the water bodies and using environment-friendly products that do not form toxins when dissolved in water. These are some small steps that have to be taken into consideration by every human being.

As we all know, “Water is life’s matter and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water.” We have to save water. We must keep the water clean. If everyone will follow their responsibility against water to protect it from getting polluted then it will be easy to get clean and healthy drinking water. Clean water is a must for us and our kids’ present, future, and healthy environment. 

We cannot just live with contaminated waters filled with toxins and no oxygen. We cannot see our wildlife being destroyed and therefore, immediate steps have to be taken by groups of people to first clean the already contaminated water bodies and then keep a check on all the surrounding water bodies. Small steps by every individual can make a huge difference in controlling water pollution.

Introduction Speech on Sports Day is an eventful one that is generally given by the Principal. Sports day is looked forward to by students and children all year round, as on this day, many sports events and competitions are held. Students get to showcase their talents in extracurricular activities on this day. Here, we will see the various ways to prepare a speech for this day. It can be a Long Welcome Speech For Sports Day By Principal or a Short Speech For Sports Day By Principal, we have provided a sample speech for both.

 

Sample Welcome Speech for Sports Day

Long Welcome Speech for Sports Day By Principal

This type of Welcome Speech For Sports Day By the Principal is given to address the dignitaries, parents, teaching, non-teaching staff, and the participants of this event from all grades.

 

Good morning everyone, I am very happy to see everyone blooming in the spirit of the sports day. It is an absolute honor to introduce to you all the Chief guests/guests (mention their names) today, we feel privileged to host you today. I would like to thank you for accepting our invitation and gracing us with your presence. Your achievements in the field of sports are excellent and your contribution to raising the bar for future generations by bringing laurels to our country is truly noteworthy.

 

A very warm welcome to the parents and families who are here to support their children. It is difficult to navigate these past few weeks for children who are working hard and preparing for the main day. It is because of your affection and encouragement that we see our children in high spirits, even after such tiring days.

 

The annual sports day is a tradition that started ever since the school was established. My heart is overjoyed to see such enthusiastic participation by all our students who are carrying forward the torch of march pasts, and sports drills. Every year the level of anticipation only increases. It makes us more excited to see what’s coming ahead.

 

The primary focus in many cases is academics, which certainly is an important aspect in building a student’s career and life but many fail to recognize the importance of sports.

 

Extracurricular activities and sports teach students many important life lessons. It teaches discipline, focus, dedication, hard work, commitment, teamwork. And it is our responsibility as adults to value sportsmanship and award the courage of students to take action rather than focusing on winning or losing.

 

Sports instill plenty of values that help students to cruise through life with honesty and responsibility for themselves and others. It also allows students to be agile and fit that only increases the concentration in academics and the willingness to perform better in any field. 

 

Sport is an amazing concept that improves the lives of people. Students especially need to take part in sports that they find fun because participating in sports will not only help them to improve their physical health but will also give them the mental energy to cope and study well. By playing sports, students release serotonin and other chemicals in the brain and because of this exertion, they will feel more rejuvenated every day. It will help them to stay fit and to have a healthy and positive life. Sports also play a very important role in having stable and healthy mental health. 

Mental health should not be taken lightly. In order to have a holistic and healthy life, students should also take care of their mental health. It plays a great role in keeping them happy and focused. By physically playing various kinds of sports, people will also realize that they can focus and concentrate better in class. 

 

I would like to take this opportunity to the heroes who always work behind the scenes and make every event a successful one. The non-teaching staff, peons, guards, cleaners, it is because of your hard work that we can give undivided attention to the event and not worry about anything else.

 

Last but not least, I am a witness to the effort put in by our teachers, at every stage and guiding the students through it all. Motivating the students is quite a task after such long days during the practice sessions and the teachers have done a commendable job.

 

I request everyone to applaud all the work that you have done and make this a memorable day for everyone in the years to come. And lastly, I would like to request all our students to maintain discipline throughout and cooperate with us, and understand that any unruly actions will not be entertained. Without any further ado, let us begin the competitions.

 

Thank you.

 

Short Welcome Speech for Sports Day By Principal

This type of Welcome Speech For Sports Day By the Principal is given to address everyone in a simple and understandable manner.

 

Good morning everyone, I am honored to be here and extend a warm welcome to the chief guest/guests for the day who has graciously accepted our invitation and are here to celebrate our traditional annual sports day event. We are all spellbound by your achievements and contributions to the field of sports.

 

A hearty welcome to the parents and families that never fails to impress us with the constant support and zeal they exhibit in allowing the children to take part in competitions and balance the academics as well.

 

We are so grateful to the teachers who have worked tirelessly to carry forward the tradition of this day every year with so much concern and attention to detail. Your dedication to making this a success is infectious and students’ motivation has only risen. The non-teaching staff, who are the real heroes that work diligently behind the scenes without demanding any recognition during every event are truly deserving of appreciation.

 

The participants and all the students have shown so much enthusiasm for the event this year, it is your efforts and commitment that is evident in the march pasts and drills, to begin with. I am sure you will do exceedingly well in the competitions as well. It is also important to remember that winning and losing are only part of the game. Enjoy the game and play well, then you will be the real winners. Do not engage in any interdisciplinary acts, that will hamper the flow of the sports spirit. Let’s start the competitions.

 

Thank you.

 

10 Line Welcome Speech for Sports Day By Principal

This type of Welcome Speech For Sports Day By Principal is useful when the speech needs to be short and simple.

1. Sports help us in leading life the right way.

2. It helps us keep fit, remain active and when playing in teams, sports inculcates discipline, self-esteem, confidence, and teamwork.

3. Sports give one an opportunity to have a broader view of the world and life.

4. These qualities are the reason we encourage our students to take part in sports and not just focus on academics.

5. Sports Day is an annual tradition of our school and we are overjoyed to see so much enthusiasm from you, students, at such a young age.

6. This is a great opportunity to showcase your other talents and skills.

7. I am grateful to all the students who volunteered to help the cleaning staff every day after the practice sessions, such philanthropy values are very important.

8. The faculty and staff especially the sports teacher who plan this event all around the year and do it better every year and raise the bar.

9. The faculty and students work closely together and encourage each other by performing well.

10. We can see all your drive and passion to do your best, remember to enjoy and not be disheartened by failures.