Category: English Notes PPT

‘Atithi Devo Bhava’ – the most famous saying means guests are like God and it is the spirit of the Indian tradition and culture when they welcome their guests. It truly reflects the rich and cultural heritage and warm hospitality of the people of India. With a civilization of more than five thousand years old, India is a country with an amazing wealth of diversity. India stretches from the eternal snows of the Himalayas in the north to the peninsulas of the south from the arid desert of the west to the humid deltas of the east from the dry heat and cold of the central plateau to the cool forest foothills and the golden beaches. Thus, it offers an incredible choice of destinations for a visiting tourist to relish and enjoy.

India’s civilization is more than five thousand years old. India is the largest constitution and the biggest democracy in the world. India is a country that takes pride in having diverse religions, languages, races, cultures, flora and fauna, etc. The second most populated country in the world after China has twenty-nine states, twenty-two languages, many religions and a number of rivers flowing through it like the famous Ganges, the Indus, the Brahmaputra, etc. Its diversity is the essence of the country.  

Lotus flower is the National flower of India. Tiger is the National Animal and the elegantly beautiful Peacock is the National Bird. India has given birth to religions such as Hinduism, Sikhism and Buddhism. One can find many multiple foreign religions that are flourishing in the country like Islam, Christianity and Zoroastrianism. Each religion has an influence in shaping the culture and architecture of the country, for example, Goa has a Portuguese culture with churches all across the city. Similarly, there are many towns in the state of Uttar Pradesh that boast of an Islamic influence. 

The Sun temple, the Khajuraho temples and many more are all the ancient Hinduism imprints of the country. With this large diversity in religion, India celebrates numerous festivals each year like Holi, Diwali, Eid, Christmas, Guru Nanak Birthday, etc. Each festival celebrated by different religions paints the entire country in its bright shades of colours. India’s constitution recognizes twenty-two languages. These languages further have sub-languages. The state recognizes Hindi as the official language of the country to bind the prolific linguistic diversity into one. 

India is also proud of its geographical diversity. Where a northern state like Jammu and Kashmir is all Himalayan mountainous regions, the state of Rajasthan is all desert regions. The states of Kerala and Goa are coastal areas and Delhi, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and many other states are all plains. 

Racial diversity is another feather in India’s cap. We all know about the Indo-Aryan race migration but besides that, we have the Mongoloid race in the Northeast, the Dravidian race in the South and a fraction of Iranian race too as India is home to a considerable population of Zoroastrians.

India is also a land of diverse climatic conditions. The four seasons of summer, autumn, winter, and spring prevail throughout the year in most parts of the country. Places like Cherrapunji and Mawsynram receive maximum rainfall throughout the year. Then we have the Himalayan region in the north of the country, which serves as a border as well as a natural barrier to the bitterly cold Siberian winds. The coastal areas like Mumbai, Daman and Diu and Kolkata have tropical warm climates throughout. 

The Indian Ocean on the South, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the Eastbound mainland of India. The country is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Bhutan, the People’s Republic of China and Nepal to the North, and Bangladesh and Burma to the East. 

Diversity can also be observed in food habits and clothing. We have many cuisines like North Indian cuisine, Mughlai cuisine, South Indian cuisine, etc. Gujarati food is vegetarian whereas Bengali food mainly comprises of fish curries. People hailing from North India eat mainly wheat and those in the South are rice-consuming people. 

Besides all this variation, all Indians sing the same National Anthem, rejoicing together when the country wins a cricket match. Even the history of Independence has proved that people of all different cultures and religions participated in the country’s freedom struggle.

Conclusion

This unity in diversity is the hallmark of India’s uniqueness. The very fact that India absorbs all this variation into itself is very mesmerizing.

The story “Landscape of the Soul” by author Nathalie Trouveroy is about art. The Summary of landscape to soul evokes the varying sense of beauty and desires of artists in Western and Eastern countries. While the Western eye longs to see life accurately, artists in the East prefer an active and emotional engagement with the craft. The chapter involves two parts. The first part is obtained from ‘Landscape of the Soul: Ethics and Spirituality in Chinese Painting’. and the second part is procured from ‘Getting Inside ‘Outsider Art’, an article written by Brinda Suri in Hindustan Times. 

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 Summary of the Landscape to Soul Part 1

In the Landscape of the Soul Summary, the first narrative is about a famous medieval Chinese artist named Wu Daoji, who lived in the 8th century under the Tang Emperor Xuanzong rule. He was asked by the regent to decorate the walls of his palace.

Wu Daoji painted a beautiful midline of mountains, waterfalls, river, clouds and blue skies, wildlife, and people living harmoniously in a radiant environment. He painted a cave in the foothills of the mountains that was dwelled by a spirit. While painting Wu clapped his hands near the cave, and the passage of the cave magically opened. Wu gets inside the cave and vanishes.

In the summary of the chapter Landscape of the soul, the author shows the knowledge of the mystical inner world. It opened a portal to a different world. Wu entered the cave, and the image disappeared into thin air before anyone else could react. Wu disappeared as well. The story became a Chinese legend and part of rich folklore from writers and philosophers such as Confucius and Zhuangzi. 

Summary of Landscape to Soul Part 2

The second part of the landscape of the soul summary is about another painter who believed in the spiritual magic of art. He painted a magnanimous dragon. However, he did not paint the eyes of the dragon because he was afraid that the dragon would come to life. The belief he had in his art was such that he was frightened by the probability of bringing his art to life and falling victim to a fiery dragon.

Summary of Landscape to Soul Part 3

In the third and final story, the writer cites a story representative of Europe during the fifteenth century in Antwerp, Belgium. There was a blacksmith named Quentin, who fell in love with a painter’s daughter. The difference between their profession led the father not to accept their relationship. To earn his beloved hand for marriage, the blacksmith sneaked into the painter’s studio and painted a fly on his latest panel. It had such moderate realism that it resembled a real one and tried to fly it as a living insect. Quentin’s skill, determination and simplicity convinced him and got his daughter married to him. Finding his true love, Quentin became one of the greatest painters of his age. 

These stories illustrate the different forms of art in two different regions. Chinese artists convey a deep purpose and emotion and give an essence of vitality while the Europeans are concerned about external appearances and a perfect illusionistic likeness. The author talks about the Chinese concept of ‘shanshui’ which means mountain-river. She also familiarises the concepts of “yang” and “yin”.

Conclusion of Landscape to Soul

Finally in the landscape of soul summary ‘Getting Inside ‘Outsider Art’ author Brinda Suri, talks about the notion of ‘art brut.’ She explicates about artists who are gifted and do not require formal training, yet they are comfortable and can use unconventional methods of art that crafted artists cannot. They instil a deep sense of spirituality in their work that makes it more real than it looks. They want the audience to find their way into the work and find different approaches to admiring and analyzing the artwork.  The author cites it by referring to the Rock Garden in Chandigarh, designed by Nek Chand. He was also an eccentric genius with a vision to think above and beyond his contemporaries. 

Therefore, we discover that art is a constant form which has rich antiquity and it cannot fit inside any particular crate or label.

Make in India means to encourage foreign investment that brings the latest technology, broadens the realm of knowledge, and infuses research and development within the country. 

In 2013, India was in a severe economic crisis when the emerging market had crashed and the growth rate had fallen drastically. The global investors were contemplating their investment in India. 

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the ‘Make in India’ program amidst the crisis situation on 25th September 2014, which aimed at attracting foreign companies to set up factories in India and invest in the country’s infrastructure.

Vision

The ‘Make in India’ campaign aims at promoting India as a destination of foreign investments and a pivot for manufacturing, design, and innovation globally. The ‘Make in India’ initiative does not only target the manufacturing Sector but also aims at promoting entrepreneurship in the country. 

This initiative further aims at creating a favorable environment for investment, modern infrastructure, opening up new sectors for foreign investment, and establishing a partnership between government and industry through a broader outlook. 

The manufacturing sector currently contributes to 15% of the country’s GDP. The action plan of the mission is to raise the contribution to 25% of the GDP by 2020. 

Symbol

A lion with a body made up of clogs inspired from the Ashoka Chakra Symbolizes the mission. The lion on the prowl in the logo stands for strength and power and the wheels on the body of the lion signify development and progress. Through this mission, the government took a big step to reduce the level of unemployment faced by the youth of the country. 

This campaign was launched a day after the Mars Mission when the PM had to go on his first visit to the USA. The aim of launching this campaign was to raise the level of the manufacturing sector in India, which will definitely boost the Indian economy.

Guidelines and Policy for Make in India

The government laid new Guidelines to start the mission successfully. The main objective of the Guidelines was to sanction the projects that are approved by state governments. Some Guidelines are like:

1. Reduce paperwork required for establishing companies.

2. Minimize the time required for government approvals.

3. Abolish the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from the project cost. 

Policies have been made for convenient transfer of funds while switching jobs anywhere in the country. A cell was dedicated to responding to the queries for business entities through a web portal. 

Sectors That Were Identified Under The ‘Make In India’ Mission:

There are twenty-five Sectors that were identified under this mission. It includes Automobile, automobile parts, aviation, biotechnology, chemicals, construction, defense production, electrical machinery, electronic systems, food process, IT and BPM, leather, entertainment and media, mining, oil and gas, pharmaceutical industry, shipping, railways, renewable energy, roads and highways, space, textiles and garments, thermal power, tourism and hospitality, wellness. 

Benefits and Criticism

Labor and natural resources are available in plenty in India and that Makes it a preferred manufacturing destination. More job opportunities can be provided for the huge population.

The manufacturing Sectors will not only boost the trading Sector but also increase the GDP of the Indian economy. The opening of factories will contribute to the development of the rural sector. 

This highly beneficiary initiative faces several challenges like rigid labor laws, red tape at providing environmental clearance for big projects, poor technology, and transportation system.

The increase in production leads to the growth in the economy of any country. Make in India campaign will provide a platform for many small entrepreneurs to grow and employment to a huge population. The investments coming from foreign companies and growth in the manufacturing sector can raise the bar of the Indian economy.

 

Is There Any Disadvantage Associated with the Concept of Make in India?

Every concept has some advantages and disadvantages associated with it. The Make in India concept is no exception as well. Since the campaign of Make in India demands a lot of industrial sectors and the development of technologies, the agricultural sector will be neglected because most of the Indian population earns their livelihoods through it. The development of industrial Sectors demands a lot of plots, water, and other natural resources. Currently, India is not in the position to allow the unnecessary depletion of natural resources in order to develop industrial Sectors.

Since plots are highly required in order to establish a particular industrial Sector, the industrialists will use the lands that are available for agricultural purposes. Moreover, the journey of the common business people and entrepreneurs will be halted.

With the development of industrial Sectors, the necessity to seek help from franchisees will also increase due to the requirement of funds. Only international private Sectors can arrange for a huge amount of funds to invest in and it will contradict the goals of the campaign itself. Also, there is a chance of increased pollution due to the development of industrial Sectors.

What is the Primary Importance of the Make in India Campaign?

The campaign can prove to be highly important for the growth of India as a country. To cope up with work pressure, the various industrial Sectors recruit young aspirants who are talented and in need of urgent jobs. The campaign will help India to build a strong reputation all over the world as a manufacturing hub and a lot of international private Sectors will show their interest to manufacture their own products in India. A lot of people will get the opportunity to develop their skills depending on the market trends as well.

But, to make the campaign even more successful, the government needs to take special care of the other Sectors apart from chemicals and aviation. A lot of research projects are undertaken by researchers in the field of chemistry and aviation. But the Make in India campaign is not particularly successful in terms of building the reputation of an efficient manufacturing hub.

 

What are the Major Challenges that should be Taken Care of in order to Make the Campaign Successful?

In order to Make a particular campaign successful, a lot of difficulties and issues should be addressed at the same time. India is a country where various political debates take place at times and this usually impacts the Industrial Sectors. A lot of people in India do not have the basic education that is needed to develop their skills and contribute to various kinds of industrial Sectors. 

The people of India often face difficulties to carry out their tasks properly due to insufficient power supply. The infrastructure of various Industrial Sectors in India is not really developed and this hampers the workflow. The people of India often face other challenges as well like poor drainage systems in order to flush out the toxins of the factories. To Make any particular campaign successful in India, the government must take remedial steps at once.

 

What is the Importance of Having Knowledge of the Make in India Campaign?

It is highly important for the students and the common people to remain updated about the latest occurrences that are taking place and are considered highly important in terms of the growth and development of the nation. The students who are appearing for their class examinations may need to answer some questions regarding this topic. 

The students are often asked to deliver a speech on one of the important topics like this. They are often asked to write essays. In order to write a particular essay, the students need to have at least some basic information on the topic. To know more about such campaigns, the students should build the habit of reading newspapers and following the latest blogs and articles published on the websites.

There are various articles published on the website of that deal with different topics and social awareness movements. There are also some reference books available on the website that can provide them with the key concepts in detail so that they can develop their thought process and rational thinking ability depending on that.

Essay writing is an essential skill that every student must have because words are the weapon of an educated man. Because by effectively using words you can make changes that are not possible otherwise. And therefore, in the English subject, the students are always required to write an essay.

An essay is a creative writing skill, and it is an important skill for the students to develop at an early stage of their life. Because it enables the students to express themselves in such a manner that it becomes easy for others to understand them in a better manner. Therefore, here we have provided a sample essay on the topic of, My Aim in Life. 

Essay writing is a pretty creative skill to develop at a very young age for every kid. Writing an essay or learning how to write an essay invokes interest in them from a tender age. Hence every parent should encourage and guide their kid about how to write an essay. 

 

Here we have provided a sample essay on ‘My Aim in Life’ for a reference that you can use to guide your kids or your kids can use it directly by using our website or downloading our app. There are many more essays on various topics that are also available on our site/ app in PDF format at absolutely free of cost. Download and use these as per your convenience. 

 

My Aim in Life

An aimless person is just like a ship without any direction. You cannot move forward without having an aim or goal in your life. Everyone has their own aim. Everyone’s aim is different from others. Having a potential goal in life helps you to define your existence. Not only that, but a goal or several goals also help one in understanding their career goals and life goals.

 

Why Should you have an Aim in Life?

An aimless man can never be successful in his life. All of his goals will either be shattered or fail at a certain point. He limps in his way of life. It is crucial to have a realistic aim or goal in life. It will add a new layer of meaning to your life. 

 

Once you can achieve it, you will be able to find the true purpose of life and set an example for others on how to live life in the best possible way. Not only that but also achieving your goal successfully will bring immense joy and happiness in your life and for your family as well. 

 

How to Choose the Right Aim for You?

Generally, a person chooses their ambition or goal by getting inspired by the people surrounding them. Parents or teachers or relatives play a very crucial role in selecting an aim. Choosing the right goal as per your aptitude will help you to drive your life towards the right path. But one small mistake or choosing a wrong goal can shatter that. Hence everyone must be cautious while making this decision. 

 

Your aim defines your career path. So, it could be really difficult to choose a career path at a very young age, it could be possible that a person fails to reach his goal after a certain point in time. But fixing the mistake and taking the right decision at that moment will show you light in the right direction. Therefore, do not give up hope and keep trying. And, be ambitious.  

 

How to Achieve That?

The first and foremost task is you have to be very careful while making the decision. An aim leads towards the right career. So, here are a few steps that you must remember in every phase of your life.

• Always be Proactive

• Maintain a healthy and balanced life

• Stay away from negativity

• Avoid procrastination

• Gain more knowledge

• Embrace your failures

• Get expert opinions

• Visualize your final destination

• Track your progress

• Stay focused

 

My Aim

Every person decides at some point what he wants to become. And, in this era of modernization, I am aiming to become a doctor. Not just because my mom is a doctor but also it is a noble profession. 

 

Many people aspire to become an engineer, architects, dancers, interior designers etc. Amid all the other professions, there are some particular reasons behind my preference for becoming a doctor. 

 

A doctor is a person who saves others’ lives by treating them well. He helps people in curing all the diseases by giving them the required medicine or through surgery or various other procedures. Not only curing people by treatment but also a doctor must offer hope and joy to the patient and his family in times of difficulty. 

 

No One would be able to survive in this world if there was no doctor. Nothing could be greater than saving someone’s life and spreading joy in the world. 

 

However, it is not easy to become a doctor. I have to overcome a lot of hurdles to gain success. First I have to study hard and then I have to clear the medical entrance examination to secure a seat in a medical college first and then complete the programme to reach my goal. 

 

I want to be a doctor because I want to help those who cannot afford the cost of treatment of many difficult diseases. I have a goal of opening a hospital of my own that will be equipped with all the modern medical instruments. And those who require treatment but can’t afford the cost of it will be able to get treated in my hospital. I idolize Dr Devi Shetty, the well known cardiac surgeon. Hence I have decided to embark on this journey.

 

It is a long journey. But I am quite ambitious and I will put in a lot of hard work to fulfill my goal.

 

Characteristics of a Good Essay

• It must be concise: Essays must always be concise. It does not mean that the essay is supposed to be the short one, but it must be of the length required to convey the idea, no more no less. In this instance, the idea of Aim in the life of the student.

• It must be clear: Essays are supposed to be clear; it means the main argument or the central idea of the essay must be clear and not vague, and the same goes for each of the sentences of the essay.

For example, in the topic, My Aim in Life, if the student is writing, My aim in life is to become a doctor, then the next sentence must be something that adds meaning to it, such as because I like to help the people, and not something irrelevant, such as, I like singing.

It is very important to be successful in your life. Hence, fixing a goal and staying focused is crucial in your life. So, making a proper plan from a young age and timely execution along with the right attitude are the ultimate keys to success.

Authored by the renowned poet Kamala Das, My Mother at Sixty-Six of Class 12 English is a poem depicting human relationship. Human relationships are complicated and this poem does a brilliant job of eliciting the same through its verses. The summary of My Mother at Sixty-Six for Class 12 English will depict how the author has captured the nurtured bond between a daughter and her mother. The poem dwells on the feelings of the daughter who fears losing her mother. My Mother at Sixty-Six Summary provides an overview of the poem and what the author is trying to portray with the words. 

 

My Mother at Sixty-Six Class 12 Summary in English

The poem My Mother at Sixty-Six begins with a daughter observing her mother closely as they begin their journey towards the Cochin airport. The author paints a very vivid image of how the mother has aged and as she describes the same, she also mentions the fear lurking in the mind of the daughter, the fear of losing her mother. The author describes the mother’s face as whitish, sleeping with an open mouth, which she says is almost comparable to a corpse.

 

The sudden realization pangs at the heart of the daughter and she chooses to shift her attention by looking outside the window of the car. The scenery outside provides an upliftment to the daughter’s mood. The huge trees with the freshly sprinted green leaves, children playing cheerfully represented life, energy and vigor. Here, we see that the narrator is drifted back to her own childhood days where she remembers her mother as beautiful and young. This is in sharp contrast to the present scenario and this makes the daughter’s heart heavy. 

 

As we read through the poem, we know that the daughter has reached the airport, where she is saddened by the fact that she has to depart from her mother. The author sees her mother in the backdrop of the dusky evening as begins to bid farewell. Here, the narrator compares the mother’s smile to the winters’ late-night moon. The poet has beautifully illustrated the sense by comparing the image of the aging mother with the light of the moon being obstructed by the haze and the fog. This metaphor is a representation of the old age of the mother. 

 

We then see that the pain of separation makes the daughter more vulnerable as she is terrified of losing her mother unexpectedly. The daughter’s heart is filled with emotions of grief and she is overwhelmed at the thought of separating from her dear mother. However, we see that the daughter puts on a brave face and quietly smiles. She keeps her hopes up of seeing her mother and bids farewell to her mother with the words, “See You Soon, Amma”.

 

The narrator thus prevents the environment from getting too emotional and painful. Also, she does not want to leave her mother teary-eyed. The author says that the daughter wishes that her mother also lives her life fully and happily. 

 

To summarize, My Mother of Sixty-Six is a beautiful poem describing the beautiful bond between a daughter and her mother. The key takeaway from the summary of My Mother at Sixty-Six is that aging is a process that is bound to happen inevitably. The journey of an individual starts in the womb of the mother. As a child, a person is full of life and is energetic and gradually the child becomes an adult. Eventually, the person moves towards his/her old age and then embraces death. This is the cycle of life. The author of My Mother at Sixty-Six does a great job of depicting how relationships between individuals become more consolidated with age. The thought of losing someone dear and close is unbearable and the author has beautifully depicted the same through the words of her poem. 

 

Explanation of the Poem

In this poem, when the poet is on the way to the Cochin airport along with her old mother who was sitting beside her, she looks at her mother very closely and presents her image before us. She compares her mother’s face with a corpse. When she looked at her mother’s pale face, she was numbed with the thought of losing her. The face of the mother was dozing and her mouth was open which was being compared with a corpse. In this poem, the poet wants to show the love and affection which is present between a mother – daughter relationship. The poet is in pain and tries to shift her attention by looking outside the car so that she can ignore the negative feelings. She was trying to change her sad mood. The scene which was outside the window is positive and of growing life and energy. The trees which symbolize young fullness along with children playing around symbolize life and positivity. The poet is recalling her own childhood when her mother was young but now she is filled with the fear of losing her which is making her insecure. 

 

Then she was at the airport to take a flight. This was indicating the departure which looks like separation from her mother which is creating sadness in her. As and when she was saying goodbye to her mother, the image of her as old, worn out struck her again. Hair she was comparing her mother with a late winter’s moon whose light was being obstacled by fog. Her mother looks old now, her personality was being affected by the same.

 

The poet is in the pain of separating and leaving her mother and going. She also had a fear of losing her mother in childhood but she knows that it was temporary at that time. But that fear is not coming again and it could be forever as a mother can die of old age and this fear is haunting her again and again. She was in so much pain that it would be natural for her to cry out but she was behaving bravely, hiding her tears and smiling out of it. 

 

She then bids farewell to her mother in the hope of seeing her again alive. She does not want to create a sorrowful environment for her mother. That’s why she hides her pain and conveys to her mother that she is enjoying her life to the fullest just like her mother wanted it to be. 

 

Basically this poem revolves around the fear of loss and separation and the theme of advancing age. It has also shown the sentiments of a mother and her daughter. It has also shown the nostalgia of the past. 

 

Conclusion

Here, we have provided you with a summary of My Mother at Sixty-Six. The poem is an ode to the deep emotional bond shared by a daughter with her mother. My Mother at Sixty-Six Summary highlights the fear of separation in the mind of the narrator as she is confronted with the fact that her mother is approaching old age. The poem concludes on a high note as the daughter is hopeful that she will be reunited with her mother soon. The feelings of fear, anxiety, grief and hope have been vividly portrayed by the author in the poem.