Category: English Notes PPT

“The greatest indicator of a society progression is the status of women that holds it up”

The topic presented had two very strong words as subject, Status, and Women. Before we move in further, let us set the premises for status. Broadly speaking, status denotes the influence and prestige a person holds in relation to another person in a social hierarchy of some worth. When we talk about culture as diversified as India holds, the status of women has a lot of dimensions that can be explored.

Earlier, the status of women in India was considered to be inferior when compared to men. They were given higher status in scriptures and were idolized as the perfect homemakers in the world. Women possess incomparable qualities like a calm mind, the strength to overcome any emotional challenge, and handle the toughest situation with ease and optimism. Women keep their families intact and act as the thread which joins all the differences and people together. They are worshiped as goddesses in the name of Durga, Parvati, Kali, and Saraswati.

As times changed, the status of women too changed and reached higher standards. The recent population census conducted by the Government of India, the ratio of women and men in our country is 933 females to every 1000 males. 

 

History

Going back to our ancient roots, we have seen how important women are to society, not just biologically but also as a cultural influence and in that context, women have always held a very significant place in our country. That history has a blend of both good and bad factors, but it has always been significant.

Earlier, women were referred to be the caretakers of the house. It was believed and passed on to others that women are supposed to get married, take care of the house and their in-laws, and also sacrifice all their dreams to fulfill the dreams of her husband and children. Nobody realized or even thought about the dreams and aspirations of women. There was no one to think about the upliftment or betterment of women as everyone thought that the males were the ones who ruled the world and where the head of the family. Women were also expected to make efficient use of the monthly budget so that everything is bought at the most optimum rates and all the expenses are met in the most economical manner.

No matter how hard the situation would be, women were expected to bear it all without uttering a single word. They had to obey whatever was said by the in-laws and other family members but were never included in any decision making of the family. They had to take care of the elders in the family and nurture the children without the help of anyone. They were not allowed to be ambitious and pursue any career. All their ambitions were considered to be vague. Also, the women remained isolated from education as the families back then thought that only the boys deserved to be educated and pursue their dreams. Women were married off at a very early age and sometimes also without their consent. There were only a handful of families which went against this practice and educated their daughters so that they can also live the life they deserve. 

These women who got the freedom to education from their families, turned out to be the path setters for other women to follow. They were the ones who became an inspiration for other women and motivated them to follow their ambitions as well. They brought about a change for the betterment of the status of women in Indian Society.

From ancient times, we have seen the mention of women in our Vedas and ancient scriptures where they have been allotted important places for e.g., no yajna was complete unless accompanied by women. The texts Mahabharat and Ramayana greatly reflect the place women had at different points of time. As mentioned earlier, India has a very diverse geography and geography is often very influential in dictating culture, we can see women holding different places in society from household activities in Rajasthan to Traders in Sikkim and North East India, and in between, we see women involved in various professions and competing alongside men in a multitude of fields such as Technology, Law, Administration, Teaching etc. Apart from conventional careers, we have women excelling in sports where P.T. Usha, Sania Mirza, Karnam Malleshwari etc.  who have represented and inspired many budding sportswomen in India. Moving on we can see that women have been a great influence on the art and entertainment industry since the very beginning, and we have had cultural icons in various schools of art ranging from Meera to Lata Mangeshkar.

The government has brought several public schemes, reservations, and commissions to further strengthen the position of women in India. Some of the schemes are mentioned below – 

Despite the heritage and modern progression, there is a lot that needs to be done. From the age of Manu till today, women have been subject to a lot of demeaning practices, societal negligence and customs designed to confine them and often treated as commodities rather than a human. Child Marriage, Sati, Casual dismissal of opinion and many more. Just to put in perspective, Being a poor and low caste person in India is a very troubled existence, but to be a low caste, a poor woman in India is a very tragic existence which in many cases appears inhuman.

Just going by the numbers, the number of reported cases for Domestic Violence, Crimes of Sexual Nature, Domestic Violence, Child prostitution is alarming high. More than 60 % of girls in rural India quit school as soon as they start their menstrual cycle due to the social taboos and lack of access to hygiene products.

Affluent women from a stronger section of society also face a lot of challenges including eve-teasing, glass ceiling at work, Casual demeaning undertone in various conversation, lack of choice within the family, domestic violence, sexual assault by a close family member and many more.

Almost every woman has an account of molestation at different ages by someone they knew that has caused mental scar and trauma for an extended period. The biggest bane of society i.e. The Dowry System still prevails and has far-reaching implications such as female feticide, not spending on education, limiting her social interactions and impending with her basic rights to pursue a career and life of her choice.

The status of women in India has a lot of dimensions. It can give the illusion of being shiny and progressive from outside and in many cases, it is true that women are making great leaps, we have had lady heads of states in India. But just scratching the surface and we can see the dark, corroded roots that have held back women not just impeding their progress but also presenting uncountable challenges. One of the biggest problems women face when working on their status is the threat to their dignity from almost all sections of society and she must walk a very careful line in order to maintain that balance. I believe it’s the responsibility of every person to treat women as a person, not some goddess, not a gatekeeper of family honor but as humans and only then can we work on enriching her status.

 

Conclusion

To conclude I would like to say that women play multiple roles in our society and status should be honored, respected and given a chance to attain higher status so that we as a society can attain even greater heights.

One of the most exciting chapters you can find in your English book in Class 11th textbook is the Silk Road. The Silk Road used to be the trade network that connects China and the far East with the Middle East and Europe. For the first time in 130 B.C, the road was opened when the Han Dynasty in China finally opened the gate for trade with the West. From that time onwards, the Silk Road was opened, and the traders from the West came with their goods until 1453 A.D. The closing of the Silk route happened when Ottoman Empire boycotted trade with China and closed them. The road is closed now, and it’s been 6000 years. Still, it has such an enormous impact on the trade and the commerce of the Asian market that it completely changed the commerce, culture, and history, which we can even see today. 

With the Silk Road Class 11 summary, you will learn about various aspects of trade and commerce in the old times – how the world used to be back then, and how the people have their own beliefs and work according to it. Moreover, the Class 11 Silk Road summary will help you score good marks in your final exams. 

Silk Road Class 11 Summary

Class 11 English Silk Road summary talks about the author’s journey from the slopes of Ravu to Mt. Kailash. The author went on this journey to complete the Kora. As a result, you get to experience the trip that the author experienced through his own eyes. We get to find that the author wants to complete his journey of Mount Kailash; thus, to start his pilgrimage, he chooses the tough one. In his journey, he was joined by Tsetan and Daniel. Daniel was his acquaintance, while Tstean he hired initially. He talks about how the people living in the hilly areas are more sensitive and caring in nature. Also, he tells about his feelings when he first saw the Darchen and the lake Mansarover. On his journey, you can indeed find several difficulties that he has to go through to complete his pilgrimage. 

Silk Road Summary Class 11

In the summary of Silk Road Class 11 hornbill, the author tells readers about his story, which describes his journey and how his friends helped him cover such a long and tiring distance. When they started their journey, Testan took a shortcut to the southwest. He said to the author that it’s the direct route to Mt. Kailash. If they go from this route, they have to climb the high mountain passes, but it would be easier to climb the passes due to the lack of snow. 

(Mountain views from the Silk Road which traders have to climb to reach China.)

When they reached the foot of the hill, they found several dark tents. Those tents were home to nomads, and a Tibetan mastiff was guarding the tents. When they were close to the tents, the dog ran towards their cars. They left the place, and the hill started to have sharper and bumpier turns. As they reached the passes, the author could feel the pressure on his body, and the air became thin. After successfully crossing the first pass, the author started to feel a little sick due to high altitude sickness. At around 2, they stopped in the middle and had lunch. 

They reached a small town named ‘Hor.’ in the late afternoon. They took a break and had tea from a local shop. During this time interval, Testan got their car fixed, and Daniel left the group for Lhasa. The Hor did not amuse the author. They stayed in Darchen for a night, where we find out the author has a congested nose due to a change in altitude. He went to see the Tibetian doctor, who gave him five days of medication.

After his health recovered, the author started liking the Darchan and tried to find pilgrims to accompany him on the journey. He met Dorbu, and together they hired yaks for their luggage.

The television is a popular entertainment device. It is very common and is found in almost all households. When the television first started broadcasting, it was known as the “Idiot Box” because at that time, the only purpose of television was to provide entertainment. Now, with the advancement of technology and creativity, television has emerged as an important mass media. There are many learning and informative channels on the TV today which act as the source of knowledge as well as entertainment.

The word “Television” comprises two words: “tele” and “vision”. Tele is a prefix of Greek origin, which means far-off, which is used in creating names of instruments for operating over long distances, whereas vision means the act or faculty of seeing. “Television” can be termed as a device with a screen for receiving signals. 

The Perspectives of Television

The television was first invented by a Scottish scientist, John Logie Baird. Originally, it was capable of displaying monochromatic motion images (or videos). With advances in technology now, we have coloured TVs and even smart TVs. Children and adults depend on television for their entertainment. People spend a lot of their leisure time watching television. This may lead one to wonder whether it is really a good practice to spend so much time on the television. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of television beyond doubt.

The Advantages of Watching Television

• An Inexpensive Source of Entertainment: Television is now a very cheap mode of entertainment. Televisions are not very costly, and apart from a very minimal service fee, one needs nothing more to be entertained. Televisions are a great entertainment option for people who live alone or cannot go out often. Televisions are cheap enough to be affordable for all.

• Provides Knowledge: Television has a number of services, like news channels and so on. These channels and services help us stay up-to-date with the latest news all around the world. Television also offers educational programs, which help us expand the horizon of our knowledge. We get to learn about science, wildlife, history, and so on.

• Gives Motivation: There are programs on television which motivate people to develop certain skills. There are programs of motivational speakers which inspire the viewers to push themselves to excel in their line of work.

 

The Disadvantages of Television

Like every other device, television too has some demerits alongside its advantages. 

• Inappropriate Content: Television has barely any measures to prevent segregation of mature and adult audiences from younger audiences. Thus, when a piece of content is aired, it can be viewed by all. As a result, the younger section of the audience is exposed to inappropriate content.

• Addiction: Studies have shown that watching a lot of television can get addictive. Television addiction helps lower social activities and promotes inactivity. This makes children more susceptible to mental as well as physical illnesses.

• Fake Information: A lot of television content is aimed to spread misinformation for views and ratings. This kind of misinformation can hinder social and communal harmony. The misinformation can also leave a lasting impression on the audience who are of a vulnerable age.

 

Short Essay on Television in English (200 words)

Television is a great medium of entertainment for people from every age group. It provides enjoyment for the whole family. There are many channels, including news channels, sports channels, and channels of films, cartoons, or songs. Television also contains many programs and shows for kids. Television is a device that entertains the public and informs us about the country and the world.

Television is an amazing invention of science. Watching television makes us fresh, and we forget our worries and fatigue with its magic. Nowadays, the satellite technology and the cable network are far more powerful than ever. A variety of content is available on television and we can watch a channel of our choice. Television also has a great educational value as there are so many channels reserved for educational purposes. Many companies in the world prepare graded programmes.

However, television has a dark side too. Watching too much television can be harmful. Generally, kids are very fond of watching television, but continuously watching television can affect their eyes. Furthermore, it has an adverse effect on their studies. Students will not get enough time to study well if they stay busy watching television, and it makes them less imaginative. In spite of its dark side, television has become a vital means of transmitting both education and entertainment. 

10 lines on a Television Essay in English

1. Television is an effective medium for communication. 

2. Television is a vast medium of entertainment, information, and education of the modern age.

3. Television was invented in 1925 by John Logie Baird.

4. Television enables children to learn moral lessons in a fun way with special channels and programs meant for children.

5. The television shows, live matches, movies, music, cartoons, etc. are sources of our entertainment.

6. Television is considered an amazing invention of science.

7. We can enjoy a cinema, a football or cricket match, news, serials, and many other programs.

8. It is called Doordarshan in Hindi because it gives the vision of distant objects.

9. Television is also used to teach children in school

10. We can watch and hear the news of the world through television.

 

Conclusion

Whether television is good or bad for the viewers can be a long debate. However, one must always bear in mind that a device is not good or bad, it is merely a device. How one uses that device is what determines its effect. If we judicially use the television and control our television viewing time, we can get the benefits while avoiding the shortcomings.

The Best Christmas Present in the World is a heart touching story by Michael Morpurgo. The narrator buys an old desk and finds a letter inside it, written by an English Soldier Jim Macpherson to his wife, Connie. The narrator goes to hand over the letter to Mrs Macpherson.

In the story, Connie is the name of the lady. Connie is the wife of Mr Machpershon. He is very happy and describes the reasons for his happiness. He describes that everybody was ready and has been taking their positions. It was Christmas morning and the climate was very cold and frosty. He used the word ‘Fritz’ for German soldiers. They all were taking their positions in the trenches. 

Suddenly came out of the trenches and waved the white flags. Mr Machpershon described how Fritz started this episode. They came to No Man’s Land and wished them “Happy Birthday Tommy”. The word Tommy commonly refers to British soldiers. No man’s land is the area between the borders of two countries that do not belong to either of the countries. It can also be a disputed area between two countries.

Fritz was wishing a happy Christmas to the British soldiers. One of the fritz waved the white flag who was wearing a grey overcoat.

One of the fritz soldiers invited them to the party for which they have already made all arrangements.  He said that they have drinks and sausages to celebrate the party and all of the British soldiers present there are invited to attend the party.

They invited them to celebrate Christmas with them. They offered them a joint Christmas celebration. Mr Machpershon said that he was the officer and he should stop them while doing a joint celebration with the German scientist. But at that time not a single thought to deny them for the party came to his mind.

Detailed Summary of the Best Christmas Present in the World 

The theme of the story, “The Best Christmas Present in the World,” depicts friendship and universal friendliness. The narrator wants a roll-top desk. He went to a junk shop in Bridport, looking for a roll-top desk. The narrator picks up the desk made of oak. The narrator finds it cheaper than the other desks he had seen. Although the desk which was bought by the narrator was not suitable and not in proper shape either, he started working on it. 

He took out the damaged cover. He observed that fire and water had taken a toll on the desk, and then he opened all the drawers present on the desk very easily. But for the last one, he had to apply some force. In the last drawer, he found a tin box. He took out this tin box with a note on it with instructions to bury the letter with her. Out of curiosity, he read all the letters present in the tiny box. A lady Macpherson’s address was mentioned in the letter. He read a letter which was written with a pencil. In that letter, her husband (captain of the English Army) was happily sharing an incident held on Christmas morning, and they were standing in their trenches. 

He observed a white flag that was waved from the German soldier’s side. They called out “Happy Christmas” loudly to the soldiers from his side. They also wished them back cheerfully. However, they offered them to share schnapps and sausage. About 12 soldiers started coming towards them in no man’s land. Initially, the narrator was apprehensive, yet he made no efforts to stop them. 

Mr. Macpherson was pleased that the narrator was celebrating with his enemies. He further added that he liked the German officer’s way, who came towards him and introduced himself. He wished him “Happy Christmas” and told him that he should play the cello in the orchestra. He was surprised and greeted the German officer, and he replied that he was a schoolteacher from Dorset. He then shared rum and sausage. He spoke almost perfect English. He was surprised to see Dusseldorf speaking good English and knew about Dorset where he had gone. 

The narrator had the best time celebrating with the enemy. Next, they played football, which was a fun element. They all made goalposts by pitting Greatcoats. Macpherson was sure of winning a game of cricket but was not any good at playing football. The Germans won the game, and to his surprise, Hans Wolf admitted their goal was wider than theirs. Soldiers of both sides said goodbye to each other and felt that the night was a memorable one. 

Jim concluded the letter by saying that both the German and England armies wanted peace. After reading the letter, the author could not sleep and decided to drive to Bridport. He asked for the address of a boy, and he went there. The old man told him that he knew Mrs. Macpherson. Her house was burnt as she used the candles instead of using electricity, considering it to be cheap. 

She was in a nursing home named ‘Burlington House’ on Dorchester road. He went to the nursing house, and there was a hallway, and a lighted Christmas tree kept in a corner when he entered that house. He asked for Mr. Macpherson while waiting to observe that all the persons in the house were in the dining room and were singing and wearing a paper hat. The matron offered a mince pie and told him that she was not with others, and she would be happy to have a visitor as she does not have a family. 

He saw a lady sitting in a wheelchair and folded hands in her lap, and her hair was in a wispy bun folding. The narrator wished her Merry Christmas and handed the box to her. She saw the tiny box with a letter and smiled. She came forward with tearful eyes. She asked him to sit and read all the letters present in the box. She wanted to hear his voice and told him that they would have a Christmas Cake and Marzipan. She further said that she had received the Best Christmas Present in the World.

Conclusion

War can only result in hatred and destruction between two countries, but a small gesture of kindness and empathy can make this world a better place for all. The Best Christmas Present in the World lesson highlights how two armies instead of hating each other, meet cheerfully to each other to celebrate Christmas and it becomes one of the best Christmas of their life. 

The story also highlights the act of kindness and empathy by the narrator when he decides to hand over the letters he found on his desk to Mrs. Macpherson who gets happy after receiving the last memory of her late husband. Sometimes, it just takes a little kindness and empathy towards other people to make them happy.

Moral of the Story

This story teaches us that war and fights always create sadness and anger. The celebrations and negotiations are the things which can keep everyone happy. We should avoid war and should try to maintain peace.  A man can fight many fights in his life, but then also his main character is to be peaceful, and only it can make him happy.

The poem is about a Frog who is very Lazy and does not do any work in the Day. This poem tells the readers what the Lazy Frog does all Day. This poem also shows the relationship between the Lazy Frog and his Mother and how he treats her. In fact, the poem is a great likeness to many Lazy people in toDay’s world. In other words, for a Lazy person, all people are the same. Lazy people won’t do any work for anyone. They don’t bother where they are or about their Mother, or anyone else for that matter.

 

The poem starts with a Lazy Frog named Fred. In this poem, we all are going to learn about what Fred does all Day. Moreover, the poem shows how the Frog wastes his time without doing anything positive. He manages to avoid all the work and any responsibility which comes his way. He always troubles his Mother for not doing any help. The poor Mother is getting old, so she needs his help at work.

 

He does not do any work and does not even think about his Mother and does not understand his responsibility. The Mother always keeps calling Fred to help at work. However, he leaves all the work as it does not bother him at all. He does not even move two inches from his place. Fred is always lolling upon a log throughout the whole place. The poor Mother does not like his behavior, and his behavior always troubles his Mother.

 

When the poor Mother calls him to do the work he acts like he is deaf instead of helping his Mother. He does not bother about his poor Mother. So to keep up with his acting, Fred just remains lying in a silent heap. We can say he sleeps very conveniently so that Fred does not have to listen to his Mother. It is just how Lazy the Frog is. He doesn’t even understand his responsibility and manages to get away with anything.

 

However, Fred doesn’t move an inch even when a female Frog passes away. Generally, even Lazy people have at least one thing to do. But this Lazy Fred has nothing to do. Similarly, one might think Fred gets up and bows and even helps the lady Frog on her way. Even this does not bother Fred. He won’t even open his eyes when the lady Frog passes by. This proves how Lazy a Frog he is.

 

Conclusion of the Lazy Frog

The poem says how Lazy the Frog Fred is. He never does any work. He never helps his poor Mother, and when Fred’s Mother calls him to do work, Fred is just acting like he is deaf. He never bothers about the help, where it is from, whether it is his own Mother or a lady Frog.

 

The poem is about a Lazy Frog who achieves nothing all Day. It describes what a Lazy person does during the Day. Through the Frog’s actions, the poem achieves a hilarious tone. It will make us aware of the activities of a Lazy Frog during the Day. Furthermore, it highlights his relationship with his Mother. To put it another way, to a Lazy person, everyone is the same. They will not work for anyone, it does not matter if it’s any person or their Mother. In truth, the poem reflects the attitudes of many young Lazy people in toDay’s world. It depicts the life of Lazy people who take a different approach to leadership. As a result, it serves as a good reminder for all of us to avoid becoming like a Lazy Frog. We must instead try to avoid it and complete our jobs on time.

Language is the means of communicating ideas and information from one person or community to another. Students get to learn and grow their learning skills like listening, reading, speaking and writing through language. Therefore, it is important for all the students to put necessary attention and focus on their language subjects. English is a creative subject that helps students to understand the language and its literature. Especially for the English medium students, it becomes even more important for the students to learn and understand this language to its core. 

The Tale of The Custard Dragon summary is an excellent old fashioned ballad. It is a humorous piece that follows a timid brave dragon by the name of Custard. It is written by Ogden Nash, an American writer/ poet, very well known for his verse, well over 500 poems. Due to his rhyming schemes, he was called the nation’s best-known. This is about a poem that he has written about a girl Belinda who has four pets, a black kitten, a grey mouse, a yellow dog, and a coward dragon named Custard. The poet describes all the characters as brave except for the dragon, who is a coward. But the entire situation changes when the pirate attacks Belinda’s home.

 

The Tale of Custard The Dragon Summary Class 10 English

The Summary for Class 10th English poem goes like Custard is a pet dragon of Belinda, a girl who lives in a little white home with her various pets. Nash says that they all are courageous, except Custard. Others are described as brave and are compared with other bold species like tiger or lion, but the dragon is very cowardly. He always looks for a safe place for himself. All the other pets make fun of him. But one day they are astonished by the coming of a pirate in the home. They all get scared and begin hiding. But to everyone’s astonishment, the dragon tackles him and also eats him up after. Each of them is saved by Custard, and they thanked him.

In the end, they begin to realise that they used to make fun of Custard because he was timid. So, suddenly all of them start saying that they are much braver and that they could have handled the situation in a much better way but all of them very well realised that Custard was the actual hero and most courageous among them. The poet tries to point out that sometimes a coward or timid person comes out to be the real hero in the challenging situations that life throws at you.

 

Summary and Analysis of The Tale of Custard the Dragon

Bellinda had named all of her pets. The little black kitten was called by the name of Ink, the name of Blink called the little grey mouse, and the name of Mustard got the little yellow dog. But, because the dragon was a cowardly creature, Belinda called him by the name of Custard. Custard dragon was described as having big sharp canine teeth, with pointed spikes on the top of his body and with scales underneath the lower portion. His mouth was described as similar to a fireplace, and his nose was fierce as a chimney. He also had daggers on his toes instead of regular nails. 

Belinda believed herself to be as brave as a barrel full of full-grown bears. Ink and Blink chase lions down the stairs when they come. Mustard was as strong as an angry tiger on the hunt. But different from all of them, Custard was always the weakest link. Belinda usually tickled him ruthlessly and tortured him. Belinda’s other pets called him Percival in satire. Percival meant a knight of King Arthur’s court who was sought after the Holy Grail. Whenever Custard asked for a safety cage for himself, Belinda and Blink giggled and laughed out of their heart’s intent. And Not just this, Ink and Mustard made fun of him by asking him how old he was because of how he was scared of every little thing that came their way. 

Now here comes the twist in the tale, that changed it all. Once, Belinda’s home had an encounter with a pirate with guns in both his hands and a big dagger-like knife that he pressed in between his teeth. Seeing the pirate in all his haunted glory, Belinda starts crying and howling for help. Hearing that, all the animals hid for their own safety. Only Custard fought with the pirate bravely, as opposed to what everyone always thought of him. In Fact, he ate him all up in a single bite itself. 

When Custard saved all of them, everyone thanked him for saving their lives. But in the end, all of them realised that they used to make fun of Custard the dragon purely because he was cowardly and timid. As a result, all of them promptly started to say that they are much braver than he is, and therefore they could have handled this scary situation in a way better than he did.

Tips for students to prepare for English exam 

English is a subject of solid creativity and fun. As a result, students can refer to some tips provided herein to master their learning skills like a pro-

1) Read your Syllabus 

Syllabus is the core of the subject. Therefore, students should read and revise their syllabus at least once a week to get an idea of what they are learning. Students should also refer to the exam pattern and the related topics from their chapter. This will help them build a firm foundation for each chapter.

2) Revise your learning 

Revision decides the degree of learning. That’s right. Revision makes it easier for students to grasp the essence of learning to remember what is read at its best. In this regard, students can find key notes and Revision notes in all subjects and for all classes at .

3) Solve Previous Year’s question papers

By solving sample question papers and Previous Year’s question papers, students revise their learning and get a good practice of writing. This also helps them build a better command of vocabulary. At students can find Sample papers of CBSE, ICSE and State board as well.

4) Read, write, check on progress, repeat

Probably the most important point in learning a language subject is to read. Reading makes it easy to learn for the students. Writing practice adds cherry to the cake and by checking progress, students can be sure that their knowledge is power. This adds value to their learning, something beyond the score of the examination.

 

Conclusion

It is quite visible that in The Tale of Custard The Dragon poem summary, the poet is trying to say that sometimes even a timid person comes out to be the actual hero in the most challenging situations that life throws at you just like Custard came out and saved everyone’s lives and proved his bravery to all of them.