Category: Fermentation Technology Objective Questions

Fermentation Technology Multiple Choice Questions on “Fermentation Laboratory – Supporting Facilities”.

1. The pilot-scale fermenters require _________________
A. Single phase supply
B. Three-phase supply
C. Two-phase supply
D. Five-phase supplyid5fdb6f1dce275″

Answer: B
Clarification: The pilot-scale fermenters require three phase supply for each fermenter or control unit, steam generator, and tubular bowl centrifuge. The three-phase supply is a common method to transfer power and is used to power heavy loads.

2. The cooling water is used to ____________
A. Prevent overgrowth
B. Increase protease activity
C. Enhance growth
D. Cell culturingid5fdb6f1dce29a”

Answer: A
Clarification: The cooling water has the ability to cool the culture and this is used upon cell harvesting, both to prevent the overgrowth, and also reduce the activity of the protease. The minimum temperature of the cooling water in the laboratory is approximately 15°C.

3. The pipework in SIP fermenters much be made up of grade ____________
A. 316 stainless steel
B. 317 stainless steel
C. 318 stainless steel
D. 319 stainless steelid5fdb6f1dce2b5″

Answer: A
Clarification: The pipework in SIP fermenters must be made up of grade 316 stainless steel. Otherwise, it is possible for rust to enter the jacket and the fermenter might get damaged potentially. The other grades must be avoided at any costs.

4. Which of the following is not the use of compressed air?
A. Provide oxygen to the broth
B. Activate valves
C. Vessel emptying
D. Prevent Rustingid5fdb6f1dce2c1″

Answer: D
Clarification: The compressed air has several functions in the fermenter. It is used to provide oxygen to the broth and is also used to activate pneumatic valves. It is also used to increase the rate of emptying the vessel.

5. Which of the following regulates gas flow electronically?
A. Rotameter
B. MFC
C. Centrifuge
D. Incubatorid5fdb6f1dce2cc”

Answer: B
Clarification: Thermal mass flow controllers are devices that regulate the gas flow electronically. It determines the gas flow by the rate at which heat is absorbed from a heat source.

6. What is the use of ‘blanket’ of inert nitrogen gas?
A. Promotes aerobic condition development
B. Prevents aerobic condition development
C. Promotes anaerobic condition development
D. Prevents anaerobic condition developmentid5fdb6f1dce2d6″

Answer: C
Clarification: In anaerobic cultures, the use of ‘blanket’ of inert nitrogen gas is to promote the development of anaerobic conditions in the liquid phase by the exclusion of gas. This blanket is highly pure, oxygen-free nitrogen.

7. Off-gas analysis can be done by ______________
A. UV Spectrophotometer
B. Mass spectrophotometer
C. UV Transilluminator
D. Incubatorid5fdb6f1dce2e1″

Answer: B
Clarification: Off-gas analysis can be done with the help of mass spectrophotometer. It is highly accurate but a little bit expensive. Some of the cheaper and low accurate gas analyzers are TanDem, EGAS-L, or FerMac analyzers.

8. Which of the following is used to measure the generated heat?
A. Calorimeter
B. UV Spectrophotometer
C. UV Transilluminator
D. Mass spectroscopyid5fdb6f1dce2eb”

Answer: A
Clarification: Basically all the processes result in heat production or absorption. Microcalorimeter is used in the measurement of the generated heat as a function of time. It is useful for research on metabolic activities of a cellular system and other biological conditions.

9. The calorimetry is not used for __________________
A. Measurement of heat generation
B. Recording growth
C. Recording substrate production
D. Off-gas analysisid5fdb6f1dce2f6″

Answer: D
Clarification: The calorimetry is used for the measurement of heat generation as a function of time. It can also be used for recording growth, product formation, substrate production. It cannot be used for off-gas analysis of microbiological cultures.

10. Which of the following is used in measuring the absorbance?
A. UV-visible spectrophotometer
B. UV transilluminator
C. Incubator
D. Calorimeterid5fdb6f1dce300″

Answer: A
Clarification: UV-visible spectrophotometer is used in the measurement of absorbance or optical density of a biological sample such as protein, DNA, RNA, etc. It uses the light in UV and visible ranges. Transilluminator is used for viewing DNA or RNA bands after electrophoresis. The incubator is used to provide optimum conditions for the growth of microbes whereas calorimeter is used in the measurement of heat generation.

11. The distilled water is used to ___________
A. Prepare defined media
B. Gain weight
C. Prepare food
D. Be healthyid5fdb6f1dce30a”

Answer: A
Clarification: The distilled water is commonly used to prepare defined media as it does not contain any ions or minerals. It cannot be used for the preparation of food and be healthy because our body needs minerals and ions which are not present in distilled water.

12. Which of the following is a software responsible for regulating the growth parameters?
A. Oracle
B. Java
C. SCADA
D. C++id5fdb6f1dce314″

Answer: C
Clarification: SCADA is the software responsible for regulating the growth parameters. It is user-friendly. Java, Oracle, Turbo C++ are the software of programming languages.

13. Who used the calorimetry to measure flux in yeast?
A. Hans Westerhoff
B. Jacob
C. Monad
D. Antoceid5fdb6f1dce31e”

Answer: A
Clarification: Hans Westerhoff along with his colleagues used the microcalorimetry to measure the total fluxes in growing yeast cells. Some other techniques like fluorimetry showed that oscillations in the concentrations of glycolytic intermediates in yeast cells depend on the growth phase in which they are harvested.

14. The TanDem analyzer has a range of 0-30% for measuring oxygen.
A. True
B. Falseid5fdb6f1dce328″

Answer: A
Clarification: The standard TanDem analyzer is suitable for measuring oxygen between the ranges of 0-30%. The analyzer can measure carbon-dioxide in the range of 0-5%. It has an accuracy of 0.02% and a resolution of 0.01%.

15. Mass spectrophotometer separates ions by their charge-to-mass ratio.
A. True
B. Falseid5fdb6f1dce332″

Answer: B
Clarification: The mass spectrophotometer separates ions based on their mass-to-charge ratios. It ionizes the chemical species and then separates or sorts ions into a spectrum. It is used in the measurement of charged particles or ions.

Fermentation Technology Multiple Choice Questions on “Brewing Yeast – Yeast Genome”.

1. Who published the complete sequence of the genome of S. cerevisiae in 1996?
A. Wheals
B. Goffeau
C. Priest
D. Gutteridgeid5fdcf03e91af7″

Answer: B
Clarification: Goffeau et al. in 1996 published the complete sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is now used to investigate the extent of gene order conversation in different species and possible to relate fragmentary gene order information from many fungi to S. cerevisiae.

2. What do you mean by allele?
A. A form of a gene found on the same place on the chromosome
B. The building block of proteins
C. A specialized haploid cell
D. Discrete physical unitsid5fdcf03e91b27″

Answer: A
Clarification: Allele is one of the alternative forms of a gene. They are found in the same place on the chromosome. Humans have two alleles at each genetic locus, that is why humans are diploid.

3. What of the following is false for a gene?
A. They are called factors
B. It is a unit of heredity
C. A segment of DNA
D. The sex of a yeast cellid5fdcf03e91b37″

Answer: D
Clarification: Genes are the factors which are responsible for controlling traits or characters in an organism. It is a unit of heredity. Basically, the gene is a segment of DNA coding for a polypeptide chain.

4. Which of the following human gene is homologous to CCC2 yeast gene?
A. CFTR
B. ALD
C. WAD
D. ATMid5fdcf03e91b43″

Answer: C
Clarification: CCC2 gene is a yeast gene that is homologous to human gen WAD. CCC2 gene in yeast is responsible for copper transporter whereas, WAD in humans is responsible for Wilson disease (copper accumulation in the liver and brain).

5. Which of the following is gene is associated with Adrenoleukodystrophy?
A. ALD
B. ATM
C. BLM 1
D. WADid5fdcf03e91b4e”

Answer: A
Clarification: ALD gene in humans is associated with Adrenoleukodystrophy. It is a genetic disorder in which accumulation of long-chain fatty acids occur which leads to demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) or may also lead to death.

6. Lowe syndrome occurs due to _________
A. BLM 1
B. ATM
C. ALD
D. OCRLid5fdcf03e91b58″

Answer: D
Clarification: OCRL gene is responsible for Lowe syndrome. It is X-linked recessive disorder which is characterized by congenital cataracts. It leads to mental retardation, renal abnormalities, cataracts, and glaucoma.

7. What are Ty elements?
A. Elements of diploid cells
B. Members of LTR-containing retrotransposons
C. Copies of chromosome
D. The network of fibrous microtubulesid5fdcf03e91b62″

Answer: B
Clarification: Ty elements are members of a widely distributed family of eukaryotic elements called LTR-containing retrotransposons. The sequence organization of Ty elements is the same as retroviruses.

8. Which of the following human gene is homologous to SGS1?
A. ALD
B. ATM
C. BLM1
D. MLH1id5fdcf03e91b6c”

Answer: C
Clarification: SGS1 yeast gene is homologous to BLM1 human gene. SGS1 gene is responsible for enzyme helicase in yeast. Whereas BLM1 in human is responsible for Bloom syndrome and Werner’s syndrome.

9. Batten’s disease is responsible due to __________
A. NF1
B. OCRL
C. CLN3
D. ATMid5fdcf03e91b77″

Answer: C
Clarification: CLN3 gene is responsible for Batten’s disease. CLN3 gene product function as a chaperone involved in folding/unfolding or assembly/disassembly of other proteins and is responsible for making a protein battenin.

10. CCH1 gene in yeast codes for ________________
A. Inhibitory regulator protein
B. Ca⁺² channel
C. Voltage gated-channel
D. P13 kinaseid5fdcf03e91b81″

Answer: B
Clarification: CCH1 gene in yeast codes for a component of a yeast Ca⁺² channel that mediates Ca⁺² uptake in response to mating pheromone, salt stress, and Mn²⁺ depletion. The human gene homologous to CCH1 is CACNL-A4 which is responsible for migraine.

11. ‘Whi’ is the mutant of __________
A. S. cerevisiae
B. S. pombe
C. S. pastorianus
D. S. boulardiiid5fdcf03e91b8b”

Answer: A
Clarification: ‘Whi’ is the mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutants of Saccharomyces pombe is called as ‘wee’. Wee and Whi start budding at only half the cell size of wild type cells. Because of their small size, they are named as ‘wee’ and ‘whi’.

12. TEL1 gene in yeast codes for ________
A. Helicase
B. DNA repair protein
C. P13 kinase
D. Metal resistant proteinid5fdcf03e91b95″

Answer: C
Clarification: TEL1 gene in yeast codes for P13 kinase. P13 kinase is phosphoinositide 3-kinase which has many cellular functions like cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival, and intracellular trafficking.

13. The introns are the coding regions of mRNA.
A. True
B. Falseid5fdcf03e91b9f”

Answer: B
Clarification: The introns are the non-coding regions which are present in immature mRNA. The introns are to be removed to process the mature mRNA. Exons are the coding regions of mRNA.

14. Transposons are the junk-DNA.
A. True
B. Falseid5fdcf03e91ba9″

Answer: A
Clarification: Transposons are the mobile genetic elements which are non-coding genes, that is why they are called as junk-DNA. Transposons are mobile and are able to change their position within a genome.

Fermentation Technology Question Bank on “Non-Food Applications – Medicinal Applications of Fermentation”.

1. The Indian Ayurveda uses the fermented forms of ____________ and ____________
A. Bhasmas, taila
B. Arishta, asavas
C. Arishta, bhasmas
D. Taila, asavasid5fdc365bbe118″

Answer: B
Clarification: The Indian Ayurveda uses the fermented forms of arishtas and asavas. They are of valuable therapeutics due to their efficacy and features and they naturally contain 5 – 10 % alcohol which acts as the medium for active ingredients of the herbs to dissolve in it.

2. Alcoholic beverages were not used as ____________ in ancient Egypt.
A. Anesthetic
B. Antimicrobial
C. Antioxidant
D. Psychotropic medicineid5fdc365bbe144″

Answer: C
Clarification: Alcoholic beverage was not used as an antioxidant in ancient Egypt. It was, however, used as an anesthetic, antimicrobial, psychotropic medicine in Ancient Egypt, from 3150 B.C. They also added additives in alcoholic beverages for the preservation of dead bodies and the treatment of cancer.

3. Who discovered the first antibiotic?
A. Selman Waksman
B. Edward Jenner
C. Alexander Flemming
D. Louis Pasteurid5fdc365bbe15e”

Answer: C
Clarification: Sir Alexander Flemming in 1928 developed the first antibiotic, penicillin. He was a Scottish physician, biologist, pharmacologist, and microbiologist. The discovery of enzyme ‘lysozyme’ is the best for which he is known for.

4. Polymixin is an ______________ antibiotic.
A. Antiviral
B. Antibacterial
C. Antiparasitic
D. Antifungalid5fdc365bbe169″

Answer: B
Clarification: Polymixin is an antibacterial antibiotic that is used in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. It disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane or cell membrane. It is generally obtained from Bacillus spp.

5. Which of the following is an antifungal antibiotic?
A. Nystatin
B. Amphotericin
C. Polyenes
D. Streptomycinid5fdc365bbe173″

Answer: C
Clarification: Polyenes is an antifungal antibiotic that targets the fungi. Sometimes they are also called as polyenes antimycotics. They are typically obtained from Streptomyces noursei and inhibits the fungal cell membrane formation.

6. What is the mode of action of chloramphenicol?
A. Inhibits the cell membrane formation
B. Inhibits the nucleic acid synthesis
C. Damages cytoplasmic membrane
D. Inhibits the cell wall synthesisid5fdc365bbe188″

Answer: B
Clarification: Chloramphenicol is an antibacterial antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis of the nucleic acids and the proteins. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that kills or inhibits the growth of a wide range of bacteria. It is obtained from Streptomyces venezuelae.

7. Avermectins is used to _______________
A. Inhibit the cell wall formation
B. Inhibit the cell membrane formation
C. Inhibit the neural activity
D. Inhibit the protein synthesisid5fdc365bbe19d”

Answer: C
Clarification: Avermectins are antiparasitic antibiotics which are obtained from Streptomyces avermitilis. It is used to block the transmittance of electrical activity in nerves and muscle cells of nematodes.

8. Steroids contain ________________ rings.
A. Cycloalkane
B. Cycloalkyl
C. Cycloalkyne
D. Cycloalkeneid5fdc365bbe1a7″

Answer: A
Clarification: Steroids contain cycloalkane rings. They are a particular class of organic molecules that contain cycloalkane rings, which are produced by both plants and animals. They are used as anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer drugs for organ transplantation, treatment of anemia, etc.

9. Which of the following block the overproduction of cholesterol in the liver?
A. Steroids
B. Hypocholesterolemic agents
C. Alkaloids
D. Antihypersensitive agentsid5fdc365bbe1b0″

Answer: B
Clarification: Hypocholesterolemic agents are the substances that block the overproduction of cholesterol in the liver. A few examples of hypocholesterolemic agents are compactin, pravastatin, simvastatin, etc.

10. Which of the following is a semi-synthetically derived hypocholesterolemic agent?
A. Simvastatin
B. Lovastatin
C. Mevastatin
D. Pravastatinid5fdc365bbe1b9″

Answer: A
Clarification: Simvastatin is a semi-synthetically derived hypocholesterolemic agent. It is derived from lovastatin. It is used to lower the lipid content from the body and thus helps in losing the weight. Lovastatin, mevastatin, and pravastatin are produced by respective strains of fungi.

11. Which of the following is used to treat kidney stones?
A. Sodium citrate
B. Magnesium malate
C. Potassium permanganate
D. Sodium benzoateid5fdc365bbe1c2″

Answer: A
Clarification: Sodium citrate is used in the treatment of gout or kidney stones or metabolic acidosis in people with kidney problems. It is also referred to as trisodium citrate as it contains three sodium and has saline and mild tart flavor.

12. Who discovered the first vaccine?
A. Selman Waksman
B. Edward Jenner
C. Alexander Flemming
D. Louis Pasteurid5fdc365bbe1dc”

Answer: B
Clarification: Edward Jenner discovered the first vaccine in 1976. It was used to treat smallpox to a 13-year old boy. He was thus, the pioneer of the smallpox vaccine which was the world’s first vaccine.

13. Griseofulvin is an antiviral antibiotic.
A. True
B. Falseid5fdc365bbe1e5″

Answer: B
Clarification: Griseofulvin is an antibacterial antibiotic which is used to inhibit the cell wall synthesis of bacteria. It is obtained from Penicillium griseofulvin. It is usually taken orally.

14. Milbemycin is an antiparasitic antibiotic.
A. True
B. Falseid5fdc365bbe1ee”

Answer: A
Clarification: Milbemycin is an antiparasitic antibiotic which is used to block the transmittance of electrical activity in nerves and muscle cells of nematodes. It is obtained from Streptomyces sp.

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