Category: Interview Questions

1. 1. Explain In Details About Game Testing, What Needs To Mainly Verify By A Game Tester For Any Kind Of Computer Or Mobile Games?

   Game tester is performing similar kind of job what one software tester has been done. They normally identified the bugs, reporting the same to the developer, and testing again after the fixing. They also ensure the game has been designed properly as per the designer expectation and performance should be considered.

2. 2. Some Common Gossip In The Current It Industry That Game Testing Job Is Really Very Fun Job As One Tester Can Able To Play The Game Without Invest. Is It Really True?

   Again game tester job is absolutely similar to a software tester job. It is not at all easy to identify bugs frequently of a game, as they need to continue playing the game for entire 1 month or more for identifying some bugs and report it. Also, they have to regenerate the same in front of a developer for resolving purpose. They also have big pressure on usable delivery of the game.


Testing Tools Interview Questions

3. 3. Explain About Exact Key Role And Responsibility Of A Specific Game Tester In The Entire It Market For Avoiding Any Kind Of Misconception Gossip About Their Job?

   One Game Tester normally followed the same kind of roles and responsibility as one software tester has been performed. One of the common misconceptions is that one game tester is normally involved in playing a game for an entire day, but that is absolutely not a true statement.

   They are following some of the key responsibilities like below:

   Writing test cases:

   Game tester have to write test cases for one specific game developed by the developer, test cases should follow some the approaches taken by the designer and approved by the client or management of the organization.

   Bug Identification:

   Tester is normally playing games in varieties approaches for identifying the critical bugs. They have to follow written test cases for ensuring of not breaking any approaches of an entire game.

   Reporting and Retesting:

   They have to report their test cases to log details to the developer for rectifying. And also ensuring developer have been rectified their bugs and come with the proper solution. They also have to ensure developer have understood what the exact approaches expecting by the designer. After given proper rectification, they have to retest it.

4. 4. Explain About Each And Every Process Followed By The Game Tester In Case Of Testing Any Game Designed For Computer Or Mobile?

   This is the basic Objective Game Testing Interview Question asked in an interview. One game tester should need to follow below approaches any time for doing proper testing and architectural design for any game testing properly done.

   Some of the below key processes have to follow by one game tester:

   • Storyboard
   • Game Architecture
   • Features of the Game
   • Characteristics, key points of the game
   • Stages and clear concepts of the game


Testing Tools Tutorial

5. 5. Explain About Varieties Kind Of Testing Available In The Current Industry Specifically In Game Development?

   Several kinds of testing available for the game tester are:

   • Combinational testing
   • Testing for cleaning room.
   • Testing for ensuring functionality
   • Testing for ensuring compatibility
   • Tree testing
   • Load and Playtesting


QTP Interview Questions

6. 6. Explain In Details What Kind Of Strategic Conditions Needs To Be Handled By One Game Tester At The Time Of Testing The Game In Varieties Way For Ensuring It As Bugles For The End User?

   One game tester needs to involve on varieties strategic approaches for developing their test cases architecture in case of any developed game. They have to ensure designer concept has been properly followed as well as a performance of the game should not be a doctorate in a system to system.

   The commonly ensuring below scenarios on their consideration strategies:

   • Varieties kind of data available in scope, out a scope.
   • Deliverables timeline, ensuring no impact on the same.
   • Calculating no of tester require for the game structure.
   • Have to be calculating proper testing cycle count for ensuring game quality.
   • Have to know about the type of testing need to be performed for ensuring the quality of the game.
   • Maintain one specific type of documenting defects.
   • Arguments need to be involved in case of level on services.
   • Calculate the risk on that specific game and submitting a plan for mitigation.

7. 7. Explain About Test Technique Available In The Market In Details And Give Some Example Of The Exact Purpose Of Using The Same?

   Below techniques normally taken by any tester as well as a game tester:

   1. Write both the teste cases positive and negative.
   2. Evaluate any rectification in varieties exception paths for ensuring the quality of the product.
   3. Boundary value analysis or error guessing.
   4. Alpha, beta, and gamma testing.


QTP Tutorial
Game Developing Interview Questions

8. 8. Explain How Can Make Yourself As A Game Tester?

   Obviously, one person who really have very big knowledge on the current game industry, and critical understanding about some of the popular game and how to use or improve it, can go for game tester career.

9. 9. What Can Be Assumed A Salary Of A Game Tester In Current Industry?

   Salary can be varied as, like other industry, it can depend on the resource quality or proficiency in their job. But still compare to the current market situation, on an average basis, it will be in between $15000 to $60000 per annum.


Manual Testing Interview Questions

10. 10. Explain About Your Learning During Work As A Game Tester In Any Industry. What Kind Of Common Challenges You Have Faced In Your Game Testing Career?

    Some of the key challenges normally faced by one game tester are defined below
    :

    • It is always impossible to test one game completely. As there may have several functionalities which might be miss by the tester.
    • There does not have any defined process in the market for the game tester which needs to follow as an ultimate reference.
    • Communication lack.
    • Timeline and ensuring coverage of test cases.


Game Developing Tutorial

11. 11. What Is Qa In Gaming?

    Game producers are responsible for setting testing deadlines in coordination with marketing and quality assurance. Lead tester, test lead or QA lead is the person responsible for the game working correctly and managing bug lists. A lead tester manages the QA staff.


Mobile Testing Interview Questions

12. 12. What Education Is Needed To Become A Game Tester?

    The education requirements for a video tester vary. Typically employers require or prefer a degree in software development, computer programming, computer science, or another technical field. While certification in quality control or other technical fields is voluntary, it is recommended.


Testing Tools Interview Questions

1. 1. Explain How Does Tuple-oriented Relational Calculus Differ From Domain-oriented Relational Calculus?

   The tuple-oriented calculus uses a tuple variables i.e., variable whose only permitted values are tuples of that relation.

   Example: QUEL The domain-oriented calculus has domain variables i.e., variables that range over the underlying domains instead of over relation. Example: ILL, DEDUCE.

2. 2. What Is Vdl (view Definition Language) Explain?

   It specifies user views and their mappings to the conceptual schema.


Data Warehousing Interview Questions

3. 3. Explain Multivalued Dependency?

   Multivalued dependency denoted by X–>Y specified on relation schema R, where X and Y are both subsets of R, specifies the following constraint on any relation r of R: if two tuples t1 and t2 exist in r such that t1[X] = t2[X] then t3 and t4 should also exist in r with the following properties

   • t3[x] = t4[X] = t1[X] = t2[X]
   • t3[Y] = t1[Y] and t4[Y] = t2[Y]
   • t3[Z] = t2[Z] and t4[Z] = t1[Z]

   where [Z = (R-(X U Y)) ]

4. 4. Tell Me What Is Degree Of A Relation?

   It is the number of attribute of its relation schema.


Data Warehousing Tutorial

5. 5. What Is A Relationship?

   It is an association among two or more entities.

   Relationship Set:
    The collection (or set) of similar relationships.

   Relationship Type:
    Relationship type defines a set of associations or a relationship set among a given set of entity types.

   Degree of Relationship Type:
    It is the number of entity type participating.


Database Interview Questions

6. 6. What Is Operational Data Store?

   An operational data store (or “ODS”) is a database designed to integrate data from multiple sources to make analysis and reporting easier.

7. 7. Explain A Relation Schema And A Relation?

   A relation Schema denoted by R(A1, A2, ?, An) is made up of the relation name R and the list of attributes Ai that it contains. A relation is defined as a set of tuples. Let ‘r’ be the relation which contains set tuples (t1, t2, t3, …, tn). Each tuple is an ordered list of n-values t=(v1,v2, …, vn).


Management Information systems Tutorial
Management Information systems Interview Questions

8. 8. What Is A Functional Dependency F Said To Be Minimal?

   • Every dependency in F has a single attribute for its right hand side.
   • It cannot replace any dependency X –>A in F with a dependency Y–> A where Y is a proper subset of X and still have a set of dependency that is equivalent to F.
   • We cannot remove any dependency from F and still have set of dependency that is equivalent to F.

    

9. 9. Explain Functional Dependency?

   Functional dependency is denoted by X –> Y between two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple that can form a relation state r of R. The constraint is for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r if t1[X] = t2[X] then they have t1[Y] = t2[Y]. This means the value of X component of a tuple uniquely determines the value of component Y.


Warehouse Management Interview Questions

10. 10. Explain Ddl (data Definition Language)?

    A data base schema is specified by a set of definitions expressed by a special language called DDL.


Database Testing Tutorial

11. 11. Explain Normalization?

    It is a process of analysing the given relation schemas based on their Functional Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to achieve the properties

    • Minimizing redundancy
    • Minimizing insertion, deletion and update anomalies.


Logistics Interview Questions

12. 12. What Are The Basic Stages Of A Data Warehouse?

    The first stage to build a data warehouse is the initial data introduction, typically this can be achieved by copying some operational database. This is called and offline operational database. Then, we have to feed new sets of data to the newest created data warehouse. Therefore, this database is updated with large sets of data in a regular time basis (week, month). With this step, we’ve successfully built a offline data warehouse.
    To achieve a Real-time data warehouse you have to insert the operational data in real time. When this is integrated with the application, reporting on the data, it’s called a Integrated data warehouse.


Data Warehousing Interview Questions

13. 13. Explain The Slicing Operation.

    The slicing operation on a OLAP Cube establishes a single value for one of the dimensions of the cube, selecting all the data that corresponds to the selected value.
    So, by executing a slice on the cube we get all the selected dimension and fact information for the specific value assigned.

14. 14. Explain The Dicing Operation

    Dicing on OLAP Cubes consists on choosing an interval of values for some of the dimensions representing in the cube, and selecting the data that corresponds to those intervals.
    This operation creates a subset of the cube which contains the data between the intervals.

15. 15. Explain The Roll Up Operation.

    The roll-up operation performs some computing rules on the data of a OLAP cube specific dimension, returning the computed information to the end user.
    These applied rules can be defined and summarize the information on that specific dimension.


Database Testing Interview Questions

16. 16. Explain The Drill-up/drill-down Operation

    These operations allow the exploration of information between the levels of data presented on dimensions and facts on the data warehouse.
    It can select summarized information or the details that compose that data aggregation.

17. 17. Explain The Pivoting Operation

    Pivoting allows the rotation of the cube on its dimensions providing the user a different point of view of the explored data.
    The cube can be rotated on every face.


Database Administration Interview Questions

18. 18. Explain The Concept Of Data Mart.

    Data mart is a specific group of data linked to a subject, which is part of a specific data warehouse. Therefore, a data warehouse have multiple data marts.
    Basically a data mart is a small data warehouse with condensed information about a specific subject and it’s relationships. Usually each data mart is related to a department, business unit or something that can function individually within a data warehouse.


Database Interview Questions

19. 19. Which Are The Reasons To Create A Data Mart?

    There are various reasons that lead to a the creation of a data mart. The most important ones are:

    • Create a data specific environment, providing easy access to it
    • Easy to create
    • Data is more relevant to users having only the essential information
    • Lower cost than creating a whole data warehouse

20. 20. What Is The Difference Between Operational Data Store And Staging Area?

    Operation Data Store or ODS means the current data that is required to do quick analysis or near realtime reporting.

    On the other side Staging is a dump of all data that you gather form multiple and heterogeneous Sources, you cleanse this data, apply multiple business rules, filter it and then push it to your Data Warehouse or ODS.

    An ODS sits between your Staging/Factory and Data Warehouse. It gets a snapshot of most recent data, like if its a:

    – Telecom provider it would store data of around 1 month to give you quick and detailed analysis on multiple calls/sms’s done on a daily basis.
    – Bank would store data for 3-6 months to 1 year for your day today transactions. That’s why if you require 1-2 years of transaction details it takes bank 1-2 days to provide you that list separately.
    If both will not manage an ODS it will become very difficult to provide quick details to their customers, and it will be a very slow process and also an overhead on their servers also.


Data analyst Interview Questions

1. 1. Explain The Jpeg Modes Of Operations?

   Following are the JPEG operation modes:

   Lossless Mode:
   Every pixel in the image is encoded even though the compression ratio is low.

   Sequential Mode:
   A single scan from left-to-right and top-to-bottom compresses the image.

   Progressive Mode:
   Multiple scans are used to compress the image. The transmission time is long.

   Hierarchical Mode:
   Multiple resolutions are used to compress the image. Hence the lower resolution is accessed first which does not require the decompressing the whole resolution of the image.

2. 2. What Is Discrete Cosine Transform?

   1. It is similar to Fast Fourier Transform.
   2. The frame blocks of size 8×8 or 16×16 pixels are represented as frequency components.
   3. This transforms into frequency domain by implementing standard formula.


MULTIMEDIA Interview Questions

3. 3. What Is Motion Estimation?

   1. Two successive video frames often have small differences.
   2. MPEG standard has a standard to reduce this temporal redundancy.

4. 4. What Is Reduction Of The Resolution?

   1. Performs the conversion of RGB-color space into YUV color components.
   2. The chrominance components U and V can be reduced to half of the pixels in the horizontal direction.


MULTIMEDIA Tutorial

5. 5. Do You Know About 3-level Hierarchical Jpeg Encoder?

   Down-sample the factors of resolution by 2 for each dimension.

   For example –
   ,Reduce the 640 x 480 resolution to 320 x 240 resolution.

   • Code the smaller image with another JPEG mode.
   • Decode the image and up the sample encoded image.
   • Encode the difference between the decoded image and the original image.
   • The above process can be repeated for multiple times.
   • This process provides high quality images with low resolution display.


Adobe Photoshop Interview Questions

6. 6. Explain Some Major Steps For Jpeg Compression?

   Following are the major steps that are involved in JPEG compression:

   • Discrete Cosine Transformation.
   • Quantization.
   • Zigzag Scan.
   • DPCM on DC component.
   • RLE on AC Components
   • Entropy Coding.

7. 7. Explain The Features Of Jpeg 2000 Standard?

   Following are the JPEG 2000 features.:

   1. Compression performance is at low bit-rate.
   2. Both lossless and lossy compression is performed with a single code stream.
   3. The transmission in noise environment can be done with low bit-error rate.
   4. It is applicable for both gray and color images.
   5. Bi-level imagery, natural imagery and computer generated imagery is applicable for gray and color images.
   6. It is interactive with MPEG-4 standard.
   7. Wavelets will be replaced with Discrete Cosine Transform.


Adobe Photoshop Tutorial
Illustrator Interview Questions

8. 8. What Is Mpeg-2?

   1. MPEG-2 is one of the international standards for compressing video signals.
   2. Videos can be compressed prior to transmission or storage.
   3. The approximate compression ratio is 50:1 of the digital size.
   4. MPEG-2 standard is widely implemented in digital TV transmission with 200 million decoders.
   5. MPEG-2 standard exploits the redundancies in the original signal.

9. 9. Do You Know What Are The Desirable Properties Of A Speech Coder?

   Following are the desirable properties of speech coders:

   • Low Bit-Rate.
   • Low Memory Size
   • Low Coding Delay
   • High Speech Quality
   • Robustness Across Different Languages / Speakers
   • Robustness in the Presence of Channel Errors
   • Good Performance on Non-Speech Signals, like telephone signaling.


3D Animation Interview Questions

10. 10. Tell Me What Is Vocoder?

    1. Vocoder is one of the audio processors
    2. The characteristic elements of an audio signal are captured by Vocoder.
    3. These characteristic signals are used to affect the other audio signals.
    4. It is widely used in speech synthesis.
    5. A component known as Formant describes the frequency of a sound and noise components that are associated.
    6. The audio output of Vocoder has synthesized sound that is modulated by a filter.
    7. The synthesized sound is pulsed to the tempo of the user input voice with the tonal characteristics of the voice.

11. 11. What Is Mpeg-1 Audio Compression Standard?

    • MPEG-1 is a lossy compression standard for both video and audio.
    • It compresses VHS quality raw digital video down to 1.5Mega Bits per Second.
    • The compression ration is 26:1
    • MPEG-1 introduced MP3 audio format.

    The standard consists of –

    1. Systems including synchronization of video, audio and other data.
    2. Compressed Video content.
    3. Compressed Audio content.
    4. Conformance testing.
    5. Reference software.


UI Developer Interview Questions

12. 12. Do You Know What Is Delta Modulation And Explain Its Features?

    A technique that converts analog to digital and digital to analog signal conversion:

    • It is to transmit voice information.
    • It encodes the differences between successive samples into n-bit data streams.
    • The transmitted data is reduced to 1-bit data stream.

    Following are the features of Delta Modulation:

    • A series segments are used to approximate the analog signal.
    • The approximated signal is compared with analog wave for determining the increase or decrease in relative amplitude.
    • Only the increase or decrease of the signal amplitude is only sent.


MULTIMEDIA Interview Questions

13. 13. Do You Know What Is Optimfrog?

    1. OptimFROG is one of the lossless audio compression scheme.
    2. The goal of OptimFROG is to reduce the size of an audio file to the maximum.
    3. It permits bit identical restoration for all inputs.
    4. It is like ZIP type of compression and specialized for audio data compression.
    5. OptimFROG obtains asymptotically the best lossless compression ratios for audio files.
    6. It can be plugged-in with Windows, Linux, Mac operating systems for Windows Media Player, Foobar2000, Winamp2/3/5, XMPLay, QCD players.
    7. It supports for all integer PCM wave formats up to 32 bits.

14. 14. What Is Lempel-ziv-welch (lzw) Coding Scheme?

    • LZW is a loss less data compression algorithm accepted world wide.
    • This algorithm has high throughput potential in implementation.

    The high level algorithm goes like this:

    1. Assign all the strings to dictionary.
    2. Identify the longest string L available in the dictionary which matches the existing input.
    3. Find the dictionary index for L to get the output and remove L from the input.
    4. Concatenate L by the next symbol of the input to the dictionary.
    5. Repeat the process from step 2.

15. 15. What Is Jpeg Encoder?

    1. JPEG encoder has three main blocks namely, Forward Discrete Cosine Transform, Quantizer and Entropy Encoder.
    2. JPEG encoder is the main component for lossless and hierarchical encoders.
    3. It is suitable for gray scale and color images.
    4. Each image is divided into 8 x 8 blocks.
    5. A group of 4 tables are specified by JPEG.
    6. If the table has quality value with 1, then the quality is best and compression is lowest.
    7. If the table has quality value with 2, then the quality is best and compression is highest.


Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) Interview Questions

16. 16. What Is Lossless Source Coding?

    • Lossless source coding is one of the data compression standards.
    • Lossless source coding allows the decompression assures the exact copy of the original data.
    • Images, audio and video files use lossless source compression standard.
    • Lossless source encoding is suitable for compressing text files.
    • It produces fixed length symbols.

17. 17. Tell Me About Nyquist Rule?

    1. Nyquist Rule is one of the mathematical expressions.
    2. While sampling the frequency, the sampling frequency is multiplied twice.
    3. The signal should not contain a Fourier spectrum with sine or cosine above the frequency.
    4. The signal can be reconstructed by sampling at twice the frequency.
    5. The signal can not be reconstructed if the signal is not sampled at twice the frequency.
    6. Nyquist is required only for digital signal processing but not for analog singnal processing.


Gif Animation Interview Questions

18. 18. Can You Explain What Is Mpeg-7?

    1. MPEG-7 is an ISO/IEC standard for MPEG.
    2. MPEG-7 is not aimed at any one of the applications in particular.
    3. MPEG-7 provides a set of audio and video description tools for creation of descriptions.
    4. It allows efficient access to multimedia content.
    5. MPEG-7 allows various granularities in its description.
    6. When the content is encoded, it provides certain relations in synchronous fashion.
    7. The descriptions to elements for different objects like audio / video / image objects within a particular scene, is attached by descriptions.


Adobe Photoshop Interview Questions

19. 19. Do You Know What Is Mpeg-21?

    • A multimedia framework to enable transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources.
    • Complete multimedia content creation, production, delivery is done with MPEG-21.
    • MPEG-21 allows to use the existing multimedia components to be used together.
    • The basic architectural concept of MPEG-21 framework is the Digital Item.
    • Digital Items are digital objects which includes standard representation and identification of multimedia.
    • Digital Item is a combination of resources such as videos, audio tracks, images, metadata and structure that describes the relationship among resources.

20. 20. Do You Know What Applications Are Suitable For Using Mpeg-21?

    MPEG-21 is suitable for variety of applications.

    They are:

    1. Digital Libraries
    2. Asset management
    3. Cataloguing in publication
    4. Broadcast usage
    5. Publishing
    6. Trade transactions
    7. Content filtering
    8. Music/Video Releases

21. 21. Explain The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Video Compression?

    Following are the advantages of Video Compression:

    • Occupies less disk space.
    • Reading and writing is faster.
    • File transferring is faster.
    • The order of bytes is independent.

    Following are the disadvantages of video compression:

    • Compilation need to be done again for compression.
    • Errors may occur while transmitting data.
    • The byte / pixel relationship is unknown
    • Has to decompress the previous data.

22. 22. Do You Know What Is Compression? Why Is It Necessary To Compress Files?

    1. Compression refers to reducing the original file size.
    2. Video and audio files consume more disk space compared to document files.
    3. While sending the files as attachments in an email, the email may not send the file, as the size is more that it takes.
    4. Compressed files with less disk space can be sent as attachments in an email.
    5. Compressed files reduce time to attach, upload and download files.
    6. Some of the internet servers need only compressed files to upload and download.

1. 1. What Is Itext Ussd?

   iText USSD on your phone uses Unstructured Supplementary Services Data. This technology allows you to browse text menus and find a wealth of information on your phone, simply by dialling a number (*120*494*777*YOUR SCHOOL’S CODE#). 

2. 2. How Does It Work?

   Using iText is like making a phone call to the school’s website (Simply dial *120*494*777*YOUR SCHOOL’S CODE#). USSD maintains an open session while you are on the line, similar to you dialling someone and receiving information from them – you are not sending individual SMS messages. During the session you are able to browse through text menus and choose items you want to view. Sessions last a maximum of 3 minutes but you can redial and come back to where you left off.

C++ Interview Questions

3. 3. How Do I Get Itext On My Phone?

   There is no set-up required to get iText on your phone. Simply dial the access code (*120*494*777*YOUR SCHOOL’S CODE#) and press your phone’s CALL button. You will be connected to iText and will be able to browse immediately.

4. 4. How Do I Make A Menu Item Selection?

   On your phone the screen will display an “ANSWER” or “REPLY” button (see handsets above). Take note of the number on the menu to which you want to go. Press the ANSWER/REPLY key, type in the number of the menu item and press the SEND Key. The next menu or the content will be displayed.  

C++ Tutorial

5. 5. Do I Have To Sign A Contract?

   There is no contract required to get iText on your phone. Simply dial the service code (*120*494*777*YOUR SCHOOL’S CODE#) and press your phone’s CALL button. You will be connected to iText and will be given clickable options depending on your service provider. 

Adv Java

6. 6. How Do I “dial” *120*494*777*your School’s Code#?

   Simply input *120*494*777*YOUR SCHOOL’S CODE# – the “YOUR SCHOOL’S CODE” portion is the last four digits making your school’s menu unique and would have been communicated to you by your school.

   once you have keyed in the code, press the CALL button on your phone and you will be connected to iText.

7. 7. How Does My Handset Work With Ussd?

   USSD works on a basis of the following process:

   • dial a service code (*120*494*777*YOUR SCHOOL’S CODE#)
   • view the menu given (scroll down to view more information)
   • press the answer/reply key as displayed on the screen
   • input your menu selection
   • press the send/reply key as displayed on the screen
   • the next menu or information requested will be displayed on your screen

   However, each handset functions slightly differently. Below are some manufacturer instructions, but if your particular handset works differently to the rough 

   guidelines given, use the basic principles above or the instructions below to guide you through the process but experiment until you have it functioning.

Adv Java Tutorial
Core Java

8. 8. How Do I Make A Menu Number Selection If My Phone Only Gives Me Text?

   The input required on the iText system is numerical. Some phones default to text when inputting information into USSD systems. To get your phone to type digits “toggle” between the text and numerical display by either pressing the number key multiple times until the digit is displayed (for example the 2 key: a-b-c-2 OR the 7 key: p-q-r-s-7) or hold down the “toggle key” so that the display on your phone’s screen changes from abc to 123 and then key in your number. 

9. 9. Why Does It Hang Me Up When I Make My Menu Selection?

   If you make the selection without “telling the phone” that you are about to make a selection, it will not understand the selection and will hang you up.

   Before you make your selection you have to prompt the system that you are about to send an answer. Each handset manufacturer displays the instruction on the phone above the relevant activation key. For example on a Nokia phone, press the “ANSWER” key and then input your selection. The “ANSWER” key will now be labelled “SEND”. 

   Press the “SEND” key to complete your choice.

   See different handset manufacturer instructions. 

Java

10. 10. How Do I Go Back To Previous Menu Items?

    If you want to return to a previous menu at any stage, press the ANSWER/REPLY key, then 0, followed by SEND. The previous level menu will be displayed.

Core Java Tutorial

11. 11. Why Do I Get Cut Off In The Middle Of Browsing Itext?

    The cell networks implement a 3-minute cut-off of any call to a USSD service. This is not an iText function, but rather something that is implemented by the networks. 

    However, if you redial the iText service code (*120*494*777*YOUR SCHOOL’S CODE#) again within 15 minutes of being disconnected, you will find yourself at the same menu at which you were cut off. This saves you having to re-navigate to where you were cut off.

Advanced C++

12. 12. When I Redial The Service Code, Why Do I Get Taken To Where I Was Instead Of To The Main Menu?

    When the networks cut you off after 3 minutes and you return within 15 minutes you will be taken to the same menu at which you were cut off. This saves you having to re-navigate to where you were cut off.

C++ Interview Questions

13. 13. How Do I Save My School’s Access Code To My Phonebook?

    Simply go to your phonebook or address book and enter a new listing, call it whatever you want (we suggest: “iText” or “Your School’s Name” if it fits) and then input the access code in full using digits: *120*494*777*YOUR SCHOOL’S CODE#. Press Save and it is there for use anytime anywhere and you don’t even have to remember the code in future!

    3 easy steps to Get Started.Contact us to reserve your own iText Access CodeCustomise your Schools InformationShare Your Unique iText Access Code with your Parents.

Java Tutorial

14. 14. I’m An Integrator. Why Should I Include The Itext License In My Offering?

    Because as an integrator:

    • you and your customer can benefit from reduced quantity pricing (OEM) 
    • you have direct access to the PDF expertise of iText Software to make sure our developers make the right design decisions
    • requests for future features will be taken into account by iText Software when making decisions about the technical roadmap
    • you may receive leads from iText Software for future integrations iText Software is a software publisher. The implementation portion of the business is yours if you are willing to learn and implement iText as a value added reseller. 

    However, we’ll always recommend companies to work with an integrator that has a business relationship with us.

15. 15. When Can I Use Itext’s Agpl V3 Version?

    If you release an application that uses iText and release it under an AGPL v3 compatible license, you can use the AGPL version of iText. If in doubt, you can contact sales. We would also like to hear from your AGPL projects and listen to your user cases.

C and C++

16. 16. Why Should I Pay For Itext? Isn’t It An Open Source Pdf Library?

    “Open source” is not the same as “free”. Open source just means that the code can be modified because its design is publicly accessible. That is a big plus for developers. Alas, anything involving humans is never free. Software costs money to create and improve.

• 1. Explain The Functions Of The Cu And Alu In The Cpu Of A Computer?

  The characteristics of the CU or control unit are as follows:

  • This part of the of the CPU is the one that is in charge of all the operations being carried out.
  • It is responsible to direct the system to execute instructions.
  • It helps in communication between the memory and the arithmetic logical unit.
  • It also aids in the loading of data and instructions residing in the secondary memory to the main memory as required.

  The characteristics of the ALU are as follows:

  • The ALU is responsible for performing all logical and arithmetic operations.
  • Some of the arithmetic operations are as follows: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
  • Some of the logical operations are as follows: comparison between numbers, letter and or special characters.
  • The ALU is also responsible for the following conditions: Equal-to conditions, Less-than condition and greater than condition.

• 2. Define The Basic Logical Structure Of A Computer?

  The basic logical structure of a computer are as follows:

  • The BIOS ( basic input output system ) responsible for booting up the computer.
  • CPU ( central processing unit ) the brains of the computer executes the processes.
  • Memory / RAM ( random access memory ) used to store temporary data.
  • Hard Disk is used for the storage of permanent data.
  • Input / output devices are used to give input to a computer and derive output from it.
  • Communication Channel acts as an interface for external and internal devices.

• 3. Are There Any Problems That The Cpu Faces? Have Any Measures Been Taken To Make It More Efficient?

  Although the CPU needs only a few parts to do its job, it has been modified to increase its performance. The enhancements are made in order to process data faster.

  One of the weaknesses of the basic CPU was that it was not doing any processing during the time that it fetches an instruction from the computer memory.

  To reduce this, a memory storage area was created inside the CPU called Cache or  L1 type Cache. The Cache is very fast, and is used to store information that the CPU  needed to access the most. Level 2 Cache was also developed.

  Now that the CPU has to wait much less for the data to be processed, the speed at which the data can be processed had to be enhanced. To do this, multiple ALUs  (Arithmetic Logic Unit ) were placed on the CPU, so that many more calculation was done each clock cycle.

  In addition, the FPU (Floating Point Unit) was added. The FPU is similar to the ALU, except that it is more advanced. It can handle extremely large and extremely small numbers, allowing greater processing speeds. Also, it can simultaneously process multiple graphics and sounds at a time.

• 4. What Is Risc Technology?
  1. RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computing.
  2. It uses a small subset of instructions to carry out processes.
  3. As the number of instructions are lesser, the speed of processing is much improved and faster.
  4. However, when complex operations are dealt with, they have to be broken down into a series of smaller instructions.

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• 5. What Are The Steps Involved In Following A Particular Instruction Given By The Cpu?

  The following steps are followed-

  • The instruction pointer tells the instruction fetch where in the memory the instruction is.
  • The fetch takes the instruction and gives it to the decoder, which determines the steps that are necessary to fulfill the instructions.
  • The information is then sent to the ALU, which performs the instructions that need to be performed. This includes adding, subtracting, or manipulating the data further.
  • Finally, the instructions are sent out into the computer where they are needed.

• 6. What Do You Mean By Parallel Processing?

  It is a type of processing in which the CPU divides the problem into two parts.

  It works as:

  1. Each part is sent to separate processors.
  2. Each processor has its own memory. They individually solve the given problems and return the result.
  3. The CPU assembles the results and hence, the problem is solved.
  4. Some computers operate in terms of teraflops or trillions of floating-point instructions per second.

• 7. What Is Cache Memory?

  It is a temporary memory storage area which helps to speed up data transfer within a computer. A Microprocessor looks for the data in the Cache memory as the data transferred Cache is much faster. If the data is not found in the cache, the CPU looks for it in the memory.

  The following are two types of Cache-

  • Internal or Level 1:
    In this, the Cache is built into the Microprocessor.
  • External or Level 2:
    In this, the Cache is built on a separate chip.

  The Internal Cache is the fastest but it is very expensive.

• 8. What Is System Bus? Explain A Few Related Terms?

  System Bus are parallel electrical paths that transport data between the CPU and Memory.

  Bus Width:
  The number of electrical paths that to carry the data. It is measured in Bits. With larger Bus Widths, a CPU can transfer more data at a time.

  Bus Speed:
  The speed of the bus is measured in megahertz (MHz), refers to how much data can move across the bus simultaneously. Personal computers have a bus speeds of 400 MHz or 533 MHz.

• 9. What Do You Mean By Ram?

  In RAM or Random Access Memory, Data can be accessed randomly.

  There are two types of RAM-

  Static RAM:
  It retains its contents with the help of CPU. It is faster and more expensive than Dynamic RAM. It is generally used for Level 2 cache.

  Dynamic RAM:
  It cannot retain its contents if not continuously refreshed by the CPU.

  Its types are-

  • Synchronous DRAM:
    It is the faster type of DRAM, used in modern and more advanced systems.
  • Rambus DRAM:
    It is faster than Synchronous DRAM and is expected to become more commonly used.

• 10. Explain Some Memory Components?

  Some of the memory components are:

  Semiconductor Memory:
  It is used by most by most modern computers. It is reliable, inexpensive and compact. However, it requires continuous power supply and data is lost if current is interrupted.

  RAM and ROM:
  They stand for Random Access Memory and Read Only Memory respectively.

  Flash Memory:
  This memory is electrically erasable and reprogrammable.

• 11. What Do You Understand By The Term ‘transistors’?

  Transistors are electronic switches that may or may not allow the flow of current in a current path.

  • When it allows current to flow, the switch is ON. This represents 1 bit.
  • When it does not allow current to flow, the switch is OFF. This represents 0 bit.
  • Transistors are placed into chips also known as IC. They measure in mm`s and are known contain millions of transistors.
  • Microprocessors these days are created using microns as their measuring size.

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• 12. What Does A Microprocessor Mean?

  A Microprocessor is a miniature CPU unit that is etched on a silicon chip. A CPU (Central Processing Unit) hardware which carries out the instructions of a computer system. The Microprocessor unit consists of millions of tiny transistors. It has multi purposes and is programmable. They operate on numbers and symbols represented in Binary Numeral Language.

• 13. What All Does A Microprocessor Comprise Of?

  They comprise of the following key components-

  Central Processing Unit:
  It carries out the instructions of a computer system

  Registers:
  They store bits of information in a way that all the bits can be written to or read out simultaneously.

  System clock:
  simple count of the number of ticks that have transpired since some arbitrary starting date, called the Epoch.

• 14. What Do You Understand By Coding Schemes?

  Coding schemes are a common way of representing a character of data. It is required in computers for exchanging data. The following are a few common coding schemes-

  ASCII:
  It stands for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is used on almost all computers, hence considered as a standard coding scheme.

  EBCDIC:
  It stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. Its is primarily used in IBM and IBM-compatible mainframes.

  Unicode:
  It is designed to accommodate alphabets (- 256). It uses 16 bits to represent one character and requires twice as much space to store data. It can have a maximum of 65,536 possible values.

• 15. What Do You Understand By System Clock?

  Some of the characteristics of the system clock are as follows:

  • The system clock is used to produce a specific pulse at a fixed rate of time.
  • The machine cycle of a system can be completed in a single or multiple clock pulses.
  • A single program instruction could be multiple instructions for the cpu.
  • Any central processing unit has a predefined set of instructions also known as the instruction set. These are the instructions that it can process and understand.
  • The clock speeds are nowadays measures in Ghz. 1ghz = 1000 mhz.

• 16. What Is System Unit?

  It is an enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer system such as the Motherboard and other Storage devices.

  Motherboard:
  It is a Flat circuit board that holds the computer circuitry.

  Storage devices:
  These devices are used for long term storage of memory. Some of them are- hard drive, diskette, DVD_ROM, etc.

• 17. Explain The Characteristics Of Instruction And Execution Time?

  Some of the characteristics of instruction time are as follows:

  • The instruction time is also known as the I-time.
  • It is the time taken by the Control Unit to get an instruction from memory and to load it to the register.
  • The time also includes the taken by the CU for instruction decoding and to find out the location of the required data.

  Some characteristics of execution time are:

  It is the time required by the control unit to move data from the memory to the registers in the ALU, the ALU is responsible for the execution of instructions on this data.

• 18. Mention Briefly The Steps Involved In The Execution Of A Program?

  The following steps are involved in the execution of a program:

  Fetch:
  The control unit is given an instruction.

  Decode:
  The control unit then decodes the newly received instruction.

  Execute:
  During the execution the Control unit first commands the correct part of hardware to take action. Once that is found out the control is handed over to the hardware. Now the task is performed.

  Store:
  Once the task is saved successfully the end result is stored.

  After the cycle is complete the Control unit is again handled the conrol.

• 19. What Are The Different Ways In Which Data Can Be Represented?

  There are three ways in which data can be represented namely Bit, Byte and Word:

  Bit:
  This is also the short name for binary digits. By being binary it means that BIT can only have two values zero and one. A characteristic of BIT is that it can never be empty. Zero implies a power off state whereas one means on state.

  Byte:
  A byte is a collection or group of 8 bits. A byte can store a single character which can either be an alphabet, a number or a special character. The byte is generally used to measure the storage capacities.

  Word:
  The number of bits that a cpu possess indicates the power of the computer. It also indicates how many number of bytes are present. In today`s date most computers can handle 32 or 64 bit length.

• 20. Explain What Do You Understand By Registers, Briefly Explain The Various Types Of Registers?
  • Registers can be considered to be special purpose memory which reside within the CPU.
  • The registers are high speed temporary memory used to help the CPU get access to data and instructions quickly and effectively. There are various type of registers such as Instruction register, Status register and data register.
  • The instructions register is responsible for the storage of the of the instructions that are being currently executed.
  • The status register is used to keep a tab of the status operations of the arithmetic logical unit.
  • The data register is used to store information or data that is to be processed, it is also used to store information or results that have been derived from a process.

• 21. Briefly Explain The Types Of Data Storage And Its Relation With The Cpu.?

  There are overall two main types of storage:

  Primary Storage ( memory ):
  This type of storage is primarily used to store information temporarily. The CPU does not directly access the secondary memory, instead it always relies on the primary memory.

  Secondary storage:
  This type of storage is primarily used to store data or long periods. This type of memory is stored in external devices such as hard drives etc.

  Any data that resides on a disk or input device cannot be accessed by the CPU directly, it should always reside in the main memory. The control unit accesses the data from the disk memory and places it in the main memory.

  The data is present in the primary memory until the program requiring it is executed or is terminated.

1. 1. How To Replace One Value With Another In Excel?

   • You can replace one value with another using the FIND & REPLACE feature in Excel.
   • To do this, select the data set and use the keyboard shortcut – CONTROL H (hold the control key and then press H). This will open the Find & Replace dialog box.
   • In this dialog box, you can specify the value you want to change and the replacement value.

2. 2. What Kind Of Data Filters Is Available In Excel?

   In Excel, you can filter a data set based on the kind of data.

   The following types of data filters are available in Excel:

   • Text Filter
   • Number Filter
   • Date Filter

   You can apply filter to a data set, by selecting the data, then clicking the Home tab and clicking on the Filter icon.

   When you have tabular data and you apply filters, based on the data in the column, Excel shows you the relevant filter.

   For example:
    if you have text data, it will show you filters related to text (such as text contains, begins with, ends with, etc.).

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3. 3. How Can You Sort Data In Excel?

   There is a sorting feature in Excel that can sort data based on text, numbers, or colors.

   Here are some ways to sort data in Excel:

   • Select the data and click on one of the two sort icons in the Data tab.
   • Select the data and click on the Sort icon. It will open the sort dialog box and you can specify the column to sort and the criteria (ascending/descending).
   • Apply data filter, and click on the filter. Along with the filter options, it also shows the data sorting options.

4. 4. What Is Data Validation?

   Data Validation allows you to enter only that data in a cell that satisfies criteria.

   For example:

   if you want to only have numbers entered in a cell, then you can use Data validation to do this. In case anyone enters something other than numbers, Excel will show an error and not allow that.

   Data validation options are available in the data tab.

   Data validation can be really helpful when you’re creating forms in Excel.

   For example:
    if you want a user to enter only their age, you can use Data Validation to make sure the cell accepts a numeric value only.

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5. 5. How Can You Transpose A Data Set In Excel?

   There are two popular ways to transposing data in Excel:

   • Using Paste Special dialog box.
   • Using the Transpose Function.

   With Paste Special dialog box, you need to first copy the data that you want to transpose, select the cell where you want to paste it, right-click and go to Paste special, and select the Transpose option.

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6. 6. How Can You Select All Blank Cells In Excel?

   If you work with a data set that has blank cells in it, you can easily select these cells in Excel. Once selected, you can choose to highlight these, delete these, or add some value to it (such as 0 or NA).

   To do this, you need to use the Go To Special dialog box in Excel.

   Here are the steps to select all blank cells in Excel:

   • Select the entire data set (including blank cells).
   • Press F5 (this opens the Go to dialog box).
   • Click the ‘Special’ button (this opens the Go To special dialogue box).
   • Select Blanks and click OK (this selects all the blank cells in your data set).

7. 7. How Can You Remove Duplicates From A Data Set?

   Excel has an in-built functionality that allows you to remove duplicate cells/rows in Excel.

   You can find the option to remove duplicates in the Data tab.

   Here are the steps to remove duplicates in Excel:

   • Select the data.
   • Click the Data tab and then click on the Remove Duplicates option.
   • In the Remove Duplicates dialog box, if your data has headers, make sure the ‘My data has headers’ option is checked. Select the column from which you want to remove duplicates.
   • Click OK.

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8. 8. What Is An Advanced Filter In Excel?

   Excel Advanced Filter – as the name suggests – is the advanced version of the regular filter. You can use this when you need to use more complex criteria to filter your data set.

   Here are some differences between the regular filter and advanced filter:

   • While the regular data filter will filter the existing data set, you can use Excel advanced filter to extract the data set to some other location as well.
   • Excel Advanced Filter allows you to use complex criteria. For example, if you have sales data, you can filter data on a criterion where the sales rep is Bob and the region is either North or South.

9. 9. What Is A One-variable Data Table?

   One variable Data Table in Excel is most suited in situations when you want to see how the final result changes when you change one of the input variables.

   For example:

    if you want to know how much on monthly installment change if you increase/decrease the number of months, you can set up a one-variable data table for it. This can be useful when you want to keep the monthly payment less than $500 and know what all options you have (6 months, 9 months, 12 months, etc.)

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10. 10. What Is A Two-variable Data Table?

    • Two variables Data Table in Excel is most suited in situations when you want to see how the final result changes when you change two of the input variables.
    • For example, if you want to know how much on monthly installment changes if you increase/decrease the number of months and the interest rate.
    • You can set up a two-variable data table for it that will show you the final monthly installment based on different combinations of interest rate and number of months. This can be useful when you want to keep the monthly payment less than $500 and know what all options you have.

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11. 11. What Is Scenario Manager?

    Scenario Manager in Excel can be the tool of choice when you have multiple variables, and you want to see the effect on the final result when these variables change.

    If you only have one or two variables changing, you can create a one variable or two-variable data table. But if you have 3 or more than 3 variable that can change, then scenario manager is the way to go.

    For example:

     if you’re a regional sales manager and have four areas under you, you can use scenario manager to create different scenarios (such as):

    • None of the area shows any growth in sales.
    • Area A grows 10% but the other 3 don’t grow.
    • Area A and B grow by 10%, but other two don’t grow.

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12. 12. What Is Goal Seek?

    Goal Seek in Excel, as the name suggests, helps you in achieving a value (the goal) by altering a dependent value.

    For example:

    if you’re buying a car and you want to know how many month’s installment you should opt-for so that your monthly payment is not more than $500, you can do this using Goal seek.

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13. 13. What Is A Solver?

    Solver in Excel is an add-in that allows you to get an optimum solution when there are many variables and constraints. You can consider it to be an advanced version of Goal Seek.

    With Solver, you can specify what the constraints are and the objective that you need to achieve. It does the calculation in the back-end to give you a possible solution.

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