Periodontal Diseases Periodontology Multiple Choice Questions
1. Gingivitis is initiated most frequently by:
A. Occlusal trauma
B. Systemic factors
C. Local irritating factors
Answer: D. Hormonal defects
2. Systemic factors are important in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease because they can:
A. be the direct cause of periodontal disease
B. have direct effect on the pocket depth
C. Usually determine the pattern of bone loss
Answer: D. Intensify the response of the periodontium to the aetiologic and local factors
3. Which of the following may not be considered as a predisposing factor to gingivitis?
A. Hormonal fluctuations
B. Gingival enlargement
Answer: C. TMJ disorders
D. Nutritional deficiencies
4. Which of the following is most common in school children?
A. Herpetic gingivostomatitis
B. ANUG
Answer: C. Gingivitis
D. Juvenile periodontitis
5. Which of the following acute infections is contagious?
A. Acute gingival abscess
B. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Answer: C. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
D. Acute pericoronitis
6. Which of the following soft tissue responses may occur as a reaction to orthodontic bands?
A. Gingivitis
B. Gingival fibrosis
C. Ulcerative gingivitis
Answer: D. Fulminating periodontitis
7. Life saver shaped gingival enlargement of marginal gingiva is called:
A. Stillman’s cleft
Answer: B. McCall’s festoons
C. Widow peaks
D. Craters
8. McCall’s festoons are common in:
A. Incisor area
Answer: B. Canine and Premolar area
C. Molar area
D. Same in all of the above
9. McCall’s festoons are:
A. Normal physiological process
B. Due to poor oral hygiene and food lodgement
C. Congenital abnormality and familial
Answer: D. Due to trauma from occlusion and inflammation
10. Apostrophe shaped area:
Answer: A. Stillman’s cleft
B. McCall’s festoon
C. Gingival sulcus
D. None of the above
11. Facial surface of which tooth is most affected by gingivitis?
Answer: A. Upper first molar
B. Lower first molar
C. Lower central incisor
D. Lower premolar
12. Radiographs in gingivitis show:
A. Loss of alveolar bone
B. Pocket formation
C. Change in bone trabeculation pattern
Answer: D. No significant changes from normal
13. Area to be affected first in gingivitis is:
A. Attached gingiva
B. Facial marginal gingiva
C. Lingual marginal gingiva
Answer: D. Interdental papilla
14. Four stages in progression of disease are:
Answer: A. Initial, early, established, advanced
B. Incipient, Initial, established, advanced
C. Early, established, Initial, Advanced
D. Initial, Established, Early, Advanced
15. Gingivitis:
A. Always results in periodontitis
B. has characteristic radiographic findings
C. is characterised by loss of epithelial attachment
Answer: D. Is reversible lesion
16. Initial lesion of gingivitis is Characterised by:
A. Developing 2-3 days after neglected oral hygiene
B. Domination of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes
C. its reversibility
Answer: D. all of the above
17. Early lesion of gingivitis is characterized by all of the following except:
A. Dominated by lymphocytes
B. Destruction of collagen fibres
Answer: C. Irreversible nature
D. Developing one week after no oral hygiene
18. First clinical sign of gingivitis appear in which stage:
A. Initial or stage I
Answer: B. Early or stage II
C. Established or stage III
D. Advanced stage
19. Which stage of gingivitis is also called subclinical gingivitis?
Answer: A. Initial stage
B. Advanced stage
C. Early stage
D. Established stage
20. Early and established stage of gingivitis is differentiated by increase in number of:
A. Macrophages
B. Neutrophil
Answer: C. Plasma cells
D. T cells
21. Which of the following stages of gingivitis characterizes periodontal breakdown?
A. Initial lesion
B. Early lesion
Answer: C. Advanced lesion
D. Estanlished lesion
22. In gingivitis, the role of immunoglobulins is consistent with increased number of:
A. Fibroblasts
B. Neutrophils
C. Lymphocytes
Answer: D. Plasma cells
23. Most objective clinical sign of gingivitis is:
A. Increased sulcular fluid
B. Increased redness of gingiva
C. Increased polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Answer: D. Bleeding on probing
24. Bleeding on probing will tell us the:
A. Gingival health of a child
Answer: B. Status of gingival health on the day of examination
C. 7 days after prophylaxis
D. 14 days after prophylaxis
25. An inflammation progresses content of mucopolysaccharides and acid phosphatase in the tissue:
A. Both increase
B. Both decrease
Answer: C. Increase in acid phosphatase and decrease in mucopolysaccharides
D. Decrease in acid phosphatase and increase in mucopolysaccharides
26. Pathologic granules are seen in:
A. Lateral wall of pocket
B. Base of pocket
Answer: C. Root surface wall of pocket
D. Connective tissue of pocket
27. Histological changes in chronic gingivitis is characterized by:
Answer: A. Degeneration of fibres, infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes
B. Oedematous infiltration of connective tissue with no cellular infiltration
C. Elongation of rete pegs with localised abscess formation
D. Degradation of fibres, infiltration of PMN predominance
28. The most common sequel of gingivitis:
A. Pericoronitis
Answer: B. Periodontitis
C. Periodontosis
D. Periapical pathology
29. Inflammation of gingiva in relation to crown of incompletely erupted teeth is termed as:
A. Periodontitis
Answer: B. Pericoronitis
C. Gingivosis
D. Aggressive periodontitis
30. A female patient of age 28 years came to clinic with a chief complaint of pain in the lower right back tooth region since 1 week. Intraoral examination depicts the above condition with 7 mm pocket distal to 48. Provisional diagnosis of the above condition is:
Answer: A. Pericoronitis
B. Acute Gingivitis
C. Herpetic gingivostomatitis
D. Chronic periodontitis
31. Gingival recession is most common due to:
Answer: A. Tooth brush trauma
B. TFO
C. Defective contacts
D. ANUG
32. Isolated recession on a single tooth may be commonly seen in:
Answer: A. Labially prominent canines
B. Vigorous toothbrushing
C. Occlusal trauma
D. All of the above
33. Gingival recession is:
Answer: A. More common on labial than lingual side
B. More common in children compared to adults
C. Always results from orthodontic tooth movement
D. Always results from high frenal attachment
34. Gingival recession occurs at the expense of:
A. Cementum
Answer: B. Periodontal ligament
C. Gingiva
D. Alveolar bone
35. Age related gingival recession can be best treated by:
A. Gingivoplasty
B. Pedicle graft
C. Free gingival graft
Answer: D. No treatment
36. When periodontal probing in gingivitis is done, depth is measured from:
A. Base of pocket to CEJ
Answer: B. Base of pocket to free gingival margin
C. Marginal gingiva to CEJ
D. Junctional epithelium to free gingival margin
37. The depth of clinical gingival sulcus is the distance between the gingival margin to the:
A. Cementoenamel junction
B. Alveolar crest
C. Apical extension of junctional epithelium
Answer: D. Apical penetration of the probe
38. Depth of penetration of probe depends upon:
A. Width of the probe
B. Resistance of tissues
C. Convexity of tooth
Answer: D. All of the above
39. Width of attached gingiva is measured:
Answer: A. From crest of marginal gingiva to mucogingival junction
B. From gingival margin to base of sulcus
C. From base of sulcus to mucogingival junction
D. CEJ to the mucogingival junction
40. Identify the correct statement regarding stippling:
A. Its presence always indicates lack of inflammation
B. Its absence always indicates presence of inflammation
C. Stippling cannot be used as a diagnostic sign of gingival inf
Answer: D. Lack of stippling may be considered to be a sign of inflammation if it is known to be present previously
41. Which of the following is not influenced by systemic disease:
A. Periodontitis
B. Destructive periodontitis
C. Hereditary fibromatosis gingivitis
Answer: D. Choronic gingivitis
42. Histopathology criteria used to distinguish gingivitis from periodontits
A. Occlusal trauma
B. Resorption
C. Endosteal proliferation
Answer: D. Howship’s lacunae
43. The most reliable index for determining the presence of active periodontal disease is:
A. Halitosis
B. Bleeding on probing
Answer: C. Pocket formation
D. Gingival recession
44. Which one of the following is not associated with chronic gingivitis?
A. Suppuration
B. Bleeding on probing
Answer: C. Pain
D. Swollen gingiva
45. Radiographs are of great value in diagnosing periodontal disease because they reveal:
A. Hard to soft tissue relationship
B. Morphology of bone deformities
C. Presence of pockets
Answer: D. Thickening of the lamina dura
46. Radiographs as a diagnostic aid in periodontal disease are:
Answer: A. Specific
B. Sensitive
C. Both sensitive and specific
D. Having a high predictive value
47. Gingival swelling most commonly:
A. Causes increase in stippling of attached gingiva
Answer: B. Results from inflammatory oedema
C. Associated with gingival recession
D. Results from tetracycline therapy
48. Hyperplastic gingiva is found in all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
A. Chronic inflammation
B. Nifedipine therapy
C. Hereditary fibromatosis
Answer: D. Faulty toothbrushing
49. The conditioned gingival enlargement :
A. Requires presence of local irritants
B. Exacerbates existing inflammation
C. Pregnancy and puberty are the examples
Answer: D. All of the above
50. Conditional gingival enlargement is usually not associated with:
A. Hormonal
B. Leukemic
C. Granuloma pyogenicum
Answer: D. Drug induced
51. Boggy gums are seen in:
A. Pregnancy
B. Leukemia
C. Polycythemia
Answer: D. Only A and B
52. Gingival manifestation is seen maximum with:
Answer: A. AML
B. CLL
C. CML
D. ALL
53. Gingival swelling in chronic myelocytic leukemia is:
A. Uncommon in children
B. Result of leukemic cell infiltration of the gingiva
C. Associated with spontaneous bleeding, boggy gums
Answer: D. All of the above
54. The gingival enlargements in leukemia mainly result from:
A. An inflammatory reaction to plaque
Answer: B. Leukemic cellular infiltration of gingiva
C. Hormonal disturbances
D. Developmental in origin
55. Gingivitis in leukemic patient resemble:
A. Pyogenic granuloma
B. Herpetic gingivostomatitis
C. Hairy cell leukoplakia
Answer: D. ANUG
56. Drugs associated with gingival changes are:
Answer: A. Phenytoin, Cyclosporine and Nifedipine
B. Nifedipine, Ibuprofen and Lignocaine
C. Cyclosporine, Chlorine and Iodine
D. Phenytoin, Hydrogen, Hydrogen peroxide and paracetamol
57. Drug induced hyperplasia of gingiva is mainly seen in:
A. Marginal Gingiva
B. Attached Gingiva
C. Palatal gingiva
Answer: D. Interdental gingiva
58. Condition not associated with primary inflammation is:
A. Pregnancy
Answer: B. Dilantin therapy
C. Vit C deficiency
D. Puberty
59. Cyclosporine enlargement of gingiva can be classified as:
Answer: A. Non inflammatory
B. Inflammatory
C. Developmental
D. Malignant
60. Gingival enlargement can be expected in all of the following patients EXCEPT:
A. An epileptic patient
B. A patient who has undergone renal transplantation
Answer: C. A patient with COPD
D. Patient on hypertensive therapy
61. Dilantin hyperplasia is treated with:
Answer: A. Gingivectomy
B. Gingivoplasty
C. Apically repositioned flap
D. Curettage
62. Compared to phenytoin enlargements, familial gingival enlargements:
A. Involve only interdental and marginal gingiva
B. Are common in old age group
C. There is increase in collagen degradation
Answer: D. Either one of the jaws is affected
63. Diffuse gingivitis includes:
A. Marginal gingiva
B. Marginal and papillary gingiva
Answer: C. Marginal, Papillary and Attached gingiva
D. Marginal, Papillary attached and alveolar gingiva
64. Based on Bokencamp’s grading of enlargements, an enlargement covering 3/4th of the crown is considered as:
A. Grade I
B. Grade II
Answer: C. Grade III
D. Grade IV
65. Acute gingival enlargement is seen in:
A. ANUG
B. JP
Answer: C. Pregnancy
D. Hereditary fibromatosis
66. The causative factor in pregnancy gingivitis is:
A. Hormonal imbalance with pregnancy
Answer: B. Microbial flora asoociated with plaque
C. Vit C deficiency during pregnancy
D. All of the above
67. Changes in the gingiva during pregnancy are attributed to:
Answer: A. Changes in the hormonal level
B. Altered microorganisms
C. Altered immunological response level
D. All of the above
68. Which of the following hormones increases the vascular permeability of gingival tissues and increases chances of gingival disease caused by infective microorganisms?
Answer: A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. Oxytocin
D. Human chorionic gonadotropin
69. Etiology of gingival response due to increased progesterone and estrogen are all EXCEPT:
Answer: A. Decreased breakdown of folate
B. Presence of bacteroids melanogenicus
C. Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis
D. Decreased keratinization
70. Primary osteoporosis is mainly attributed to:
A. Diabetes
B. Malnutrition
Answer: C. Smoking
D. Menopausal changes
71. Which of the following is painless?
A. Vitamin C deficiency gingivitis
B. Desquamative gingivitis
Answer: C. Pregnancy tumor
D. Gingival abscess
72. Gingival enlargement in pregnancy is termed as:
A. Periodontal abscess
Answer: B. Angiogranuloma
C. Gingival abscess
D. Wegener’s granulomatosis
73. Localised gingival hypertrophy results from:
Answer: A. Hormonal imbalance in the presence of plaque
B. Dilantin sodium therapy for 3 months
C. Toothbrush trauma
D. Vit C deficiency
74. Incidence of gingivitis in pregnancy is:
A. 10-20%
B. 20-30%
C. 40-50%
Answer: D. 50-100%
75. Maximum increase in pregnancy gingivitis occurs in:
A. 2nd month
B. 3rd month
C. 5th month
Answer: D. 8th month
76. Which type of gingival enlargement is seen in puberty?
A. Interdental papillae appear bulbous but facial gingiva is not affected
Answer: B. Interdental papillae and facial gingiva both are enlarged
C. Interdental gingiva, marginal gingiva and attached gingiva all are enlarged
D. Both marginal gingiva and attached gingiva are enlarged
77. Puberty gingivitis is:
A. Seen only in females
B. Seen only in males
Answer: C. Seen in both sexes at puberty
D. Mainly due to hormonal changes
78. ‘Tuberous sclerosis’ is seen in:
Answer: A. Vascular fibroma
B. Leprosy
C. Tuberculosis
D. Bone disorders
79. Pyogenic granuloma:
A. Bleeds on touch
B. Is painless
C. Is soft in consistency
Answer: D. All of the above
80. Local irritating factors in gingiva are most likely to give rise to:
Answer: A. Pyogenic granuloma
B. Generalized fibrous hyperplasia of gingiva
C. Mucosal cobblestoning
D. Periapical abscess
81. A young adult shows non fluctuant, tender and red swelling in the marginal gingival lesion. This is most likely:
A. Periodontal abscess
B. Periapical abscess
Answer: C. Gingival abscess
D. Periapical sinus
82. Plasma cell gingivitis is seen in individuals having the habit of chewing of the following types of flavoured chewing gum?
A. Peppermint flavoured
B. Clove flavored
Answer: C. Cinnamon flavored
D. Banana flavored
83. Signs and symptoms are most obscure to reacha diagnosis, if the periodontium has undergone:
A. Degenerative changes
B. Proliferative changes
C. Inflammatory changes
Answer: D. Traumatic changes
84. Which of the following is commonly seen in preschool children?
A. ANUG
Answer: B. Herpetic gingivostomatitis
C. Juvenile periodontitis
D. Desquamative gingivitis
85. Site specific characteristic in oral cavity is not seen in which disease?
Answer: A. Herpetic gingivostomatitis
B. ANUG
C. Diphtheria
D. Desquamative gingivitis
86. Definite treatment for herpetic gingivostomatitis:
A. Penicillin therapy
B. Hydrogen peroxide mouth wash
C. Steroid therapy
Answer: D. No definite treatment
87. In which of the following conditions is the role of microbial plaque most obscure?
A. Periodontitis
B. Juvenile periodontitis
Answer: C. Desquamative gingivitis
D. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
88. All of the following can cause desquamative gingivitis EXCEPT:
A. Pemphigus
B. Pemphigoid
C. Lichen planus
Answer: D. Herpes simplex
89. Histologic examination of desquamative gingivitis shows:
A. Hyperkeratosis
B. Loss of rete pegs
Answer: C. Loss of basement membrane
D. All of the above
90. Probable etiology of gingivosis is:
A. High progesterone levels
Answer: B. Deficiency of Oestrogen and testosterone
C. Pregnancy
D. Aldosterone deficiency
91. Other name of menopausal gingivostomatitis is:
Answer: A. Senile atrophic gingivostomatitis
B. Periodontosis
C. Scorbutic gingivitis
D. Desquamative gingivitis
92. Pigmentation of chemicals in mucosa is due to:
A. Increased permeability of blood vessels
B. Local deposition of chemicals in mucosa
Answer: C. Subepithelial precipitation in connective tissue at the site due to increased capillary permeability
D. None of the above
93. A thin bluish line around the gingival margin is due to the absorption of :
A. Silver
B. Mercury
C. Drugs like tetracycline
Answer: D. Lead
94. A black line on gingiva which follows the contour of the margin is:
A. Lead
B. Argyria
C. Iron
Answer: D. Mercury
95. Mesenteric line is:
Answer: A. Brown stain present on posterior teeth which can be removed with scaler, separated from the gingival margin by an unstained band of tooth surface 1-2 mm wide
B. Green stain present on the labial surface of incisors and canines in both upper and lower jaws, which is relatively difficult to remove
C. Continuous bluish pigmented line on the free gingival margin of all teeth following the contour of the teeth
D. None of the above
96. At 6 years age, interdental papillary necrosis, ulceration, pain, bleeding and pseudomembrane formation is seen in:
A. Herpetic gingivostomatitis
Answer: B. ANUG
C. Erythema multiforme
D. Streptococcal gingivostomatitis
97. The microbial etiology of ANUG is:
Answer: A. Borrelia vincenti and Fusobacterium
B. Actinomycetam comitans
C. Actinomyces naeslundii
D. Streptococcus mutans
98. The spirochaete which is associated with fusospirochetosis is:
A. Treponema pallidum
B. Treponema pertenue
C. Borrelia burgdorferi
Answer: D. Borrelia vincenti
99. Woody sensation is seen in:
A. Desquamative gingivitis
B. Juvenile periodontitis
Answer: C. ANUG
D. Traumatic occlusion
100. ANUG affects the:
A. Attached gingiva
B. Marginal gingiva
C. Alveolar mucosa
Answer: D. Interdental papilla
101. Lesions in ANUG can be described as:
A. Vesiculobullous lesions which are contagious
B. Ulcerative lesions which are contagious
C. Ulcerative lesions contagious but not infectious
Answer: D. Ulcerative lesions infectious but not contagious
102. Not a contributing factor for ANUG:
A. Pericoronal flap
B. Poor oral hygiene
C. Smoking
Answer: D. Aphthous ulcers
103. ANUG is frequently associated with deficiency of:
A. Thiamine
Answer: B. Riboflavin
C. Niacin
D. Pyridoxine
104. Tobacco chewing is thought to be associated with which of the following conditions?
A. Desquamative gingivitis
B. ANUG
C. Juvenile periodontitis
D. Erythema multiforme
105. ANUG patients have higher levels of one of the following:
A. Calcium
B. Bilirubin
Answer: C. Free Cortisol
D. Glucose
106. Following is useful for the diagnosis of ANUG:
A. Tissue smear
Answer: B. Dark field microscopy
C. Compliment fixation
D. Slide precipitation
107. Bacterial invasion of connective tissue in ANUG is demonstrated by:
A. Glickmann
Answer: B. Listgarten
C. Lindhe
D. Waerlug
108. Treatment for ANUG in initial stages without systemic involvement is:
A. Metronidazole and penicillin therapy
B. Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty
Answer: C. Thorough debridement and H2O2 mouthwashes
D. All of the above
109. Which of the following conditions if not treated properly may lead to Noma?
A. Diphtheria
B. Herpangina
C. Herpetic gingivostomatitis
Answer: D. ANUG
110. ANUG is reported to have an increased incidence in:
A. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: B. HIV
C. Tuberculosis
D. Syphilis
111. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for:
A. All periodontal disease
Answer: B. ANUG
C. Juvenile Periodontitis
D. Herpes simplex
112. Extractions can be done in ANUG patients after:
Answer: A. 4 weeks
B. At 1st appointment only
C. 4 months
D. 1 week
113. Which of the following is contraindicated in ANUG?
A. Hydrogen peroxide solution rinsing
B. Warm saline water rinsing
Answer: C. Steroid therapy
D. Penicillin therapy
114. Systemically, antibiotics are routinely indicated for:
A. ANUG
B. Adult periodontitis
C. Chronic gingivitis
Answer: D. None of the above
115. Untrue about ANUG:
A. Common in Down’s syndrome
B. Intermediate spirochetes commonly seen in electron microscopic studies
Answer: C. If neglected, results in deepening of pocket
D. Treated by gingivoplasty