Category: Pulp & Paper Objective Questions

Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Kraft Pulping”.

1. Kraft pulping is a full chemical pulping method using sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide at pH above 12.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Kraft pulping is a full chemical pulping method using sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide at pH above 12. At 160 – 180 degree celcius, corresponding to about 800kPa steam pressure, for 0.5 – 3 hours to dissolve much of the lignin of wood fibers.

2. Wood species is an important variable during Kraft cooking process.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Wood species (though all species can be pulped) and chip geometry.

3. The degree of Kraft cook for bleachable grades of pulp, have a lignin content of 3 – 5.2% for softwood and 1.8 – 2.4% for hardwood.
a) Soft
b) Medium
c) Hard
d) Ultra
Answer: a
Clarification: In softwood degree of Kraft cook for bleachable grades of pulp, have a lignin content of 3 – 5.2% for softwood and 1.8 – 2.4% for hardwood.

4. What is the correct definition of H – factor?
a) It is a pulping variable that combines ignition temperature and time into a single variable
b) It is a pulping variable that combines cooking temperature and time into a single variable
c) It is a pulping variable that combines sublimation temperature and time into a single variable
d) It is a pulping variable that combines vaporization temperature and time into a single variable
Answer: b
Clarification: It is a pulping variable that combines cooking temperature and time into single variable that indicates the extent of the reaction.

5. __________ is a fresh pulping liquor for the Kraft process, consisting of the active pulping species NaOH and Na₂S, small amounts of Na₂CO₃.
a) Black liquor
b) White liquor
c) Red liquor
d) Green liquor
Answer: b
Clarification:White liquor is a fresh pulping liquor for the Kraft process, it consist of the active pulping species NaOH and Na₂S, small amounts of Na₂CO₃.

6. __________ is the waste liquor from the Kraft pulping process after pulping is completed.
a) Black liquor
b) White liquor
c) Red liquor
d) Green liquor
Answer: a
Clarification: Black liquor is the waste liquor from the Kraft pulping process after pulping is completed.

7. __________ is the partially recovered form of Kraft liquor. It is obtained after burning of the black liquor in the recovery boiler.
a) Black liquor
b) White liquor
c) Red liquor
d) Green liquor
Answer: d
Clarification: Green liquor is produced by dissolving the smelt from the recovery boiler in the water.

8. Fill in the blank.
__________ =(Na₂S)/(NaOH + Na₂S)X 100%
a) Sulfifdity
b) Causticity
c) Effective alkali
d) Active alkali
Answer: a
Clarification: Sulfidity of white liquor is the ration of Na₂S to the active alkali, expressed as percent. A mill runs in the vicinity of 24-28% sulfidity, depending largely on the wood species pulped.

9. Fill in the blank.
__________ =(NaOH)/(NaOH + Na₂S)X 100%
a) Sulfifdity
b) Causticity
c) Effective alkali
d) Active alkali
Answer: b
Clarification: Causticity is the ratio of NaOH to active alkali (as always both chemicals are on a Na₂O basis), expressed as a percentage.

10. Fill in the blank.
__________ =(Na₂S)/(Na₂SO₄ + Na₂S)X 100%
a) Reduction efficiency
b) Causticity
c) Effective alkali
d) Active alkali
Answer: a
Clarification: The ratio of Na₂S to Na₂S and Na₂SO₄ in green liquor is called reduction efficiency. This is a measure of reduction efficiency of sulfur in the recovery boiler.

>

Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Physical Properties of Paper”.

1. A cream is a specified area of paper or paperboard, expressed in terms of a specified number of sheets of a certain dimension.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: A ream is a specified area of paper or paperboard, shown in terms of a specified no. of sheets of a certain dimension.

2. The nominal thickness of paper is called as its calliper.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The nominal thickness of paper is called as its caliper.Caliper’s measured in mills for paper or points for paperboard, both of them are 0.001 in the metric unit is millimeter.

3. ____________ is the width of the paper on the machine.
a) Trim
b) Flight
c) Formation
d) Watermark
Answer: a
Clarification: Trim is the width of the paper on the machine. The web is usually trimmed 2 times, once at the couch roll by water squirts and once at the rewinder with circular knives.

4. ____________ is a term utilised to explain the uniformness of the sheet structure and orientation of the fibers.
a) Formation
b) Watermark
c) Deckle
d) Cockle
Answer: a
Clarification: Formation is a term utilised to explain the uniformness of the sheet structure and orientation of the fibers. Poor or wild formation means irregular distribution of fibers into the plane of the sheet, resulting in many thick and thin spots.

5. A ____________ is a pattern that is deliberately put on some bond papers which becomes visible by looking through the sheet as it is held up to light.
a) Formation
b) Curl
c) Watermark
d) Cockle
Answer: c
Clarification: A watermark’s a pattern that is intentionally put on some bond papers. It becomes visible by looking through the sheet as it’s held up to light.

6. The 2 edges of the paper web on the forming wire are called the ____________
a) Finish
b) Deckle
c) Curl
d) Watermark
Answer: b
Clarification: The 2 edges of the paper web on the forming wire are named the deckle which stands for un-trimmed paper with its original rough textured edges on the side.

7. ____________ refers to the appearance or feel of the paper’s surface.
a) Deckle
b) Curl
c) Watermark
d) Finish
Answer: d
Clarification: Finish refers to the appearance or feel of the paper’s surface.

8. The ____________ is the side of the paper formed against the moving wire of the paper machine.
a) Felt side
b) Wire side
c) Cockle
d) Deckle
Answer: b
Clarification: The wire side’s the side of the paper formed opposite to the moving wire of the paper machine. Paper formed on twin wire machines has two wire sides.

9. The ____________ is the opposite side of the paper from the wire side.
a) Sizing side
b) Felt
c) Cockle
d) Deckle
Answer: b
Clarification: The felt side’s the opposite side of the paper from the wire side for paper from single wire machines.

10. The test measures the track length produced when a liquid’s spread over paper at diff. speeds corresponding to 0-2 seconds distribution time to give a roughness index and absorption coefficient.
a) Christopher test
b) Latent test
c) Bristow test
d) Mccandlless test
Answer: c
Clarification: The test measures the track length produced when a liquid is spread over paper at different speeds corresponding to 0-2 seconds distribution time to give a roughness index and absorption coefficient.

>

Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Coating”.

1. _________is the treatment or application of pigments, polymers, or other materials to one or both surfaces of paper.
a) Reel
b) Coating
c) Latex
d) Dewatering
Answer: b
Clarification: Coating can be applied on-machine or off-machine. On-machine coating has the obvious advantages associated with decreased handling of the paper. Off-machine has the advantages of providing greater flexibility to the system which includes the speed of coating.

2. Coatings are heavily applied at the _________
a) Size press
b) Dip roll
c) Applicator roll
d) Backup roll
Answer: a
Clarification: Coatings are applied at the size press or with a roll coater, air knife, or, the most common method, blade coater. Coating speeds are 3000 to 4000 ft/min for lightweight papers and 1200 to 1300 for board materials.

3. A _________ is primarily of a pigment and a binder and is designed to impart a good printing surface to the paper.
a) Size press
b) Backup roll
c) Printing coating
d) Coating components
Answer: c
Clarification: A printing coating is primarily of a pigment clay, TiO₂, CaCO₃, etc. and a binder like starch, protein, synthetic resin, etc. and is designed to impart a good printing surface to the paper.

4. A_________ is applied mainly for the sake of appearance or to act as a base for printing. Some examples are coated magazine and book stock.
a) Decorative coating
b) Printing coating
c) Latex
d) Emulsion
Answer: a
Clarification: Decorative coatings are the scratch resistant and give a bright colour to metal and plastic substrates.

5. _________ coatings are designed as barriers to liquids and vapors such as for frozen food containers.
a) Applicator
b) Decorative
c) Printing
d) Functional
Answer: d
Clarification:Functional coatings are designed as barriers to liquids and vapors such as for frozen food containers. Sometimes, pure polymers such as polyethylene are used to make laminates, milk cartons, etc. Other coatings are utilized to generate images such as in photographic papers, carbon paper, or carbonless papers.

6. A _________ is a H₂O emulsion of a synthetic polymer (rubber or plastic). Latexes are utilized in paints, and many coatings are really much like paints.
a) Reel
b) Alum
c) Latex
d) Emulsion
Answer: c
Clarification: A latex is a H₂O emulsion of a synthetic polymer rubber or plastic. Latexes are utilized in paints, and many coatings are really much like paints.

7. An _________ is a suspension of mutually insoluble materials.
a) Latex
b) Emulsion
c) Reel
d) Alum
Answer: b
Clarification: An emulsion’s a suspension of mutually insoluble materials. One of the materials’s dispersed as small droplets throughout the other. Milk’s an emulsion of fat and in water.

8. The coating usually consists of 3 categories of compounds which are _________
a) Clay, calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide
b) Pigment, binder , and additives
c) Calendar, reel, and latex
d) Latex, emulsion, and alum
Answer: b
Clarification: The coating usually consists of 3 categories of compounds. The pigment, the binder, and additives. Pigments are materials such as clay, CaCO₃, silicas, and other materials.

9. The _________ are classified as natural or synthetic. The natural _________ include starch, carboxylated soy protein, and casein, a white milk protein which contains phosphorus, which was the mainstay before 1955.
a) Latex
b) Emulsion
c) Binder
d) Plenum
Answer: c
Clarification: The binders are differentiated as natural binders or synthetic binders. The natural binders include starch, carboxylated soy protein, and casein, a white milk protein which contains phosphorus, which was the mainstay before 1955. Starch can be treated in many methods to give a binder.

10. _________ coaters offer the advantages of low cost, the ability to coat 2 sides at once, and adaptability to on-machine coating.
a) Dip
b) Applicator
c) Blade
d) Breast
Answer: c
Clarification: Blade coaters offer the advantages of less cost, the ability to coat 2 sides at once, and adaptability to on-machine coating. The disadvantages include an orange peel surface on the product, low speeds, the use of coatings with low solids and viscosity, and low coating levels.

>

Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “TQM and SPC”.

1. T.Q.M. has 2 important elements to it: a management philosophy and methods of process control.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The Total quality management depends on the following factors and has 2 important elements to it: a management philosophy which is the human aspect and methods of process control.

2. Quality should be stamped on the product as the last step but should not be incorporated through the whole process.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Quality shouldn’t be stamped on the product as the last step but should be incorporated through the whole process. Instead, inspection of materials and methods should be made throughout the process.

3. _________ contains more than just statistical process control, which isn’t a management style, only a tool.
a) GOAL
b) QPC
c) SQC
d) TQM
Answer: d
Clarification: Total quality management contains more than just statistical process control, which isn’t a management style which is only a tool. A system of management based on the principle that each member of staff must be committed to maintaining very high standards of work in every aspect of the company’s operations.

4. _________ presents 14 points for management in his classic work which are presented here in concisely with examples relating to the pulp and paper industry, but Deming’s work must be utilized to get the full meaning of them.
a) Flamming
b) Deming
c) Kraft
d) Kurtis
Answer: b
Clarification: Deming (1982) presents 14 points for management in his classic work. Management’s failure to plan for the future and brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs.

5. The purpose of a paper company is to make high quality paper in the most efficient manner with less waste. Teams of employees should always be on the lookout to make the process better, especially with understanding b/w and among all levels. What is the topic of discussion?
a) New philosophies
b) Constancy of purpose to improve
c) Cease inspection as the means to quantity
d) Breaking down departments
Answer: b
Clarification: Constancy of purpose to improve. Teams of employees should always make an effort to make the process better, especially with communication b/w and among all levels.

6. The pulp and paper world is a much different place than it was in the past. Management must now compete internationally and use present circumstances. What is the topic of discussion?
a) New philosophies
b) Constancy of purpose to improve
c) Cease inspection as the means to quantity
d) Breaking down departments
Answer: b
Clarification: Constancy of purpose is crucial in the context of organisational programme. We quite a times lose this constancy of purpose through the use of clumsy language. We talk of our mission, vision, objectives, aims, goals and strategies, attempting to create some form of hierarchy in an effort to convince our management-selves, and important others that it actually means something.

7. Quality shouldn’t be stamped on the product at the end, but built into the entire system so that quality is insured, not just a matter of chance. What is the topic of discussion?
a) New philosophies
b) Constancy of purpose to improve
c) Cease inspection as the means to quantity
d) Breaking down departments
Answer: c
Clarification: Eliminate the dependence on inspection to accomplish quality. Eliminate every need for inspection on a mass basis by building quality into the product in the first place.

8. Chip suppliers should know what a pulp mill is looking for in wood chips and why it’s crucial to the pulping process. Management must also promote internal teamwork. What is the topic of discussion?
a) New philosophies
b) Constancy of purpose to improve
c) Cease inspection as the means to quantity
d) Breaking down departments
Answer: d
Clarification: Break down barriers b/w departments internally, and customers and suppliers externally. Chip suppliers should know what a pulp mill is looking for in wood chips and why it is crucial to the pulping process. Management must also promote internal teamwork.

9. To demand more productivity isn’t as useful as showing people how the process or testing methods can be modified to achieve higher productivity. What is the topic of discussion?
a) Buy leadership
b) Constancy of purpose to improve
c) Cease inspection as the means to quantity
d) Breaking down departments
Answer: a
Clarification: Yet, while other managers are responsible for single department which are known as silos, our work takes us across and through those silos. This helps figure any missing connections b/w units that might be cutting into potential revenue or increment costs.

10. _________ of the process is a key part of S.P.C. since it’s crucial to determine what’s random variation and what is non-random variation that can be controlled.
a) Statistical analysis
b) Experimental analysis
c) Kraft’s analysis
d) Mayfield’s analysis
Answer:a
Clarification: Anyone who wants to implement S.P.C. must understand elementary statistics, experimental design, and sampling techniques. Statistical analysis of the process’s a key part of S.P.C. since it’s crucial to determine what’s random variation and what’s non-random variation that can be controlled.

>

Pulp and Paper Question Bank on “Halftone Printing”.

1. A particular area of paper’s artwork is characterized by relatively large areas of black or white, but not gray.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: A particular area of paper is printed either as black or white by most printing methods. This is useful for text and line art, artwork characterized by relatively large areas of black or white, but not gray.

2. A ___________ is the opposite of line art and is continuous tone with various shades of gray. However, areas of various shades of gray cannot be printed directly as gray.
a) Photograph
b) Film
c) Negatives
d) Video
Answer: a
Clarification: It’s an image created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface, generally photographic film or an electronic medium such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Mostly these are created utilizing a camera, which utilizes a lens to focus the scene’s visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would see.

3. By use of the ___________ it is based on the optical illusion that areas of very small black dots appear as gray, since the eye cannot distinguish the individual dots without magnification.
a) No tone screen
b) Full tone screen
c) Half tone screen
d) Medium tone screen
Answer: c
Clarification: Halftone is the reprographic technique that simulates continuous tone imagery through the usage of dots, varying either in size or in spacing, thus generating a gradient-like effect. The resolution of halftone screen is observed in lines per inch.

4. The sizes of the dots are such that on the order of 50 (newspapers) to 200 (high quality reproduction of photographs) occur per ___________
a) Linear mm
b) Linear cm
c) Linear m
d) Linear inch
Answer: d
Clarification: This reproduction relies on a basic optical illusion that the tiny halftone dots are blended into smooth tones by the human eye. On a microscopic level, developed black-and-white photographic film also consists of only 2 colors, and not an infinite range of continuous tones.

5. The first edition of a book uses ___________ dots per inch in which screen is aligned so that the rows and columns are at a 45° angle in the printed product.
a) 200
b) 100
c) 150
d) 10
Answer: c
Clarification: It’s so 150 dots per inch have 22,500 dots per square inch.

6. These patterns of ___________ are prepared with half—tone screens, special photographic techniques, and other methods.
a) Dots
b) Spots
c) Cylinders
d) Layers
Answer: a
Clarification: In numerous combination of screen, a number of distracting visual effects could occur, including the edges being overly emphasized, as well as a moiré pattern. This problem could be decreased by rotating the screens in relation to each other.

7. ___________ percentage of tones are produced by a checkerboard pattern of black and white squares.
a) 100%
b) 50%
c) 25%
d) 5%
Answer: b
Clarification: 50% tones are often produced by a checkerboard pattern of black and white squares.

8. The ___________ is defined as the relative area that is inked or the overall area that’s inked multiplied by the transmittance of the printed area.
a) No tone screen
b) Full tone screen
c) Half tone screen
d) Medium tone screen
Answer: b
Clarification: Even though round dots are the most common utilized, there are different dot types available, each of them having their own characteristics. They could be utilized simultaneously to avoid the moiré effect.

9. ___________ printing is a modification of angled, conventional halftone printing.
a) Stochastic
b) Redemption
c) Scrutinizing
d) Haphazard
Answer: a
Clarification: It’s a halftone based on pseudo-random distribution of halftone dots, using frequency modulation (F.M.) to change the density of dots according to the gray level desired. Traditional amplitude modulation halftone screening is based on a geometric and fixed spacing of dots, which vary in size depending on the tone color represented.

10. In ___________ Frederick Ives developed tonal reproduction by usage of the halftone screen.
a) 1996
b) 1896
c) 1886
d) 2006
Answer: c
Clarification: In 1886, Frederick Ives developed tonal reproduction by usage of the halftone screen. Although he invented a way of breaking up the image into dots of varying sizes, he didn’t make usage of a screen.

To practice Pulp and Paper Question Bank , >

Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Valves”.

1. What is the value of C ?

Q = CA (PΔ)^1/2

a) Hydraulic valve coefficient
b) Constant for flow conditions
c) Boltzmann constant
d) Kraft’s constant
Answer: b
Clarification: At a given instant in time the conditions at every point are the same, but would change with time. An example is a pipe of constant diameter connected to a pump pumping at a constant rate which is later switched off.

2. What is this hydraulic valve coefficient value for?

C_v= Q (G/ΔP)^1/2

a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Steam
d) Gas
Answer: b
Clarification: The flow capacity of a valve for liquid is calculated by the hydraulic valve coefficient Q, the flow of water through a wide—open valve in U.S. gal/min for a pressure gradient of 1 psi. For a given nominal valve size the highest Q is achieved with ball valves followed by gate, plug, and globe valves.

3. What is this hydraulic valve coefficient value for?

C_v= Q / 1360 (T_fG / ΔP P₂)^1/2

a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Steam
d) Gas
Answer: d
Clarification: The flow capacity of a valve for gas is calculated by the hydraulic valve coefficient Q, the flow of water through a wide—open valve in U.S. gal/min for a pressure gradient of 1 psi. For a given nominal valve size the highest Q is achieved with ball valves followed by gate, plug, and globe valves.

4. What is this hydraulic valve coefficient value for?

C_v= W / 63.3 (v / ΔP)^1/2

a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Steam
d) Gas
Answer: c
Clarification: The flow capacity of a valve for steam is calculated by the hydraulic valve coefficient Q, the flow of water through a wide open valve in U.S. gal/min for a pressure gradient of 1 psi. For a given nominal valve size the highest Q is achieved with ball valves followed by gate, plug, and globe valves.

5. What is this hydraulic valve coefficient value for?

C_v= W / 63.3 (v / ΔP)^1/2

a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Steam
d) Gas
Answer: b
Clarification: The flow capacity of a valve for liquids is calculated by the hydraulic valve coefficient Q, the flow of water through a wide open valve in U.S. gal/min for a pressure gradient of 1 psi. For a given nominal valve size the highest Q is achieved with ball valves followed by gate, plug, and globe valves.

6. What is the type of the valve?

a) Plug
b) Gate
c) Globe
d) Throttle
Answer: b
Clarification: This valve also called as a sluice valve, is a valve which opens by lifting a round or rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid. The key feature of this valve is the sealing surfaces b/w the gate and seats are planar, so gate valves are often utilised when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum restriction is desired.

7. What is the type of the valve?

a) Plug
b) Gate
c) Globe
d) Throttle
Answer: a
Clarification: Plug valves are valves with cylindrical or conically tapered “plugs” which could be rotated inside the valve body to control flow through the valve. The plugs in plug valves have 1 or more hollow passage ways going sideways through the plug, so that fluid could flow through the plug when the valve is open.

8. What is the type of the valve?

a) Plug
b) Gate
c) Globe
d) Throttle
Answer: c
Clarification: A globe valve, different from ball valve, is a type of valve utilised for regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.

9. __________ valves utilise a flexible diaphragm (disk) against a fixed seat. Both of these allow the control mechanism to be completely sealed from the fluid without the utilization of seals or glands, although they are limited to relatively low temperatures and pressures.
a) Globe
b) Gate
c) Throttling
d) Diaphragm
Answer: d
Clarification: Diaphragm valves (or membrane valves) consists of a valve body with two or more ports, a diaphragm, and a “weir or saddle” or seat upon which the diaphragm closes the valve. The valve is constructed from either plastic or metal.

10. The flow capacity of a valve is calculated by the _________ C_v, the flow of water through a wide—open valve in U.S. gal/min for a pressure gradient of 1 psi. For a given nominal valve size the highest C_v is achieved with ball valves followed by (in decreasing order) gate, plug, and globe valves.
a) Hydraulic valve coefficient
b) Constant for flow conditions
c) Boltzmann constant
d) Kraft’s constant
Answer: a
Clarification: The flow of water through a wide—open valve in U.S. gal/min for a pressure gradient of 1 psi. For a given nominal valve size the highest Q is achieved with ball valves followed by (in decreasing order) gate, plug, and globe valves.

>