Category: Pulp & Paper Objective Questions

Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Hydraulic Power Systems”.

1. The confined liquid merely transmits the force generated by the power supply; the flow contributes to the other component of work, which is the displacement.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: When force is applied to the piston the pressure exerted on the H₂O is transmitted equally throughout the H₂O so that H₂O comes out of all the holes with equal force. When pressure is applied at a point in a confined fluid, it is transmitted equally in all directions.

2. The liquid must flow to cause motion, its velocity is usually sufficiently high so as to have only a ___________ kinetic energy component relative to the overall work accomplished.
a) Big
b) Small
c) Zero
d) Not valid
Answer: b
Clarification: The power supply might be an electric motor, gasoline engine, or hand power. Although the liquid must flow to cause motion, its velocity is usually sufficiently low so as to have only a small kinetic energy component relative to the overall work accomplished making the hydrodynamic component a trivial consideration.

3. Some common systems that utilise hydraulics are hand operated hydraulic jacks and presses, power steering and brakes on many vehicles, backhoes, and hitch controls of agricultural tractors.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The hydraulic press depends on Pascal’s principle: the pressure throughout a closed system is const. One part of the system is a piston acting as a pump, with a simple mechanical force acting on a small cross-sectional area; the other part is a piston with a larger area which generates a large mechanical force. Only small-diameter tubing which more easily resists pressure is required if the pump is separated from the press cylinder.

4. When fluid is in static equilibrium it obeys ___________ That is, it is only under compressive forces and those forces act with equal intensity in all directions at any point in the fluid.
a) Poisson’s law
b) Pascal’s law
c) Kraft’s law
d) Lignin law
Answer: b
Clarification: Pascal’s law or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure It’s a principle in fluid mechanics that states that a pressure change occurring anywhere in a cramped incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere. The pressure is normal (90°) to any surface on which it acts.

5. It takes many operations of the hand pump to lift the object a suitable distance. A ___________ valve allows flow in one direction only so that several operations of the handle might be combined to lift the load.
a) Gate
b) Needle
c) Check
d) Throttle
Answer: c
Clarification: Check valves are 2 port valves, meaning they have 2 openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are many types of check valves utilised in a wide variety of applications. It works by means of a ball that seats against a seal.

6. ___________ is valid for any fluid (liquid or gas); it is especially crucial to fluids moving at a high velocity. Its principle is the basis of venturi scrubbers, thermo—compressors, aspirators, and other devices where fluids are moving at high velocities.
a) Poisson’s principle
b) Pascal’s principle
c) Kraft’s principle
d) Bernoulli’s principle
Answer: d
Clarification: An enlargement in the velocity of a fluid along with a decrement of pressure. Swiss scientist, Daniel Bernoulli, demonstrated that, in most cases, the pressure in a liquid or gas lessen as the liquid or gas moves faster.

7. The ___________ is a measure of how the viscosity changes with temperature; the higher the index, the smaller is the change in viscosity with temperature.
a) Viscosity index
b) Gravity index
c) Pulping index
d) Starch index
Answer: a
Clarification: It’s an arbitrary measure for the change of viscosity with variations in temperature. The lower the index, the greater the change of viscosity of the oil with temperature and vice versa. It is utilised to characterize viscosity changes with relation to temperature in lubricating oil.

8. ___________ are utilised to maintain a reserve of fluid; they have secondary purposes of oil cooling and separation of air and contaminants from the oil.
a) Pond
b) Reservoir
c) Pit
d) Spot
Answer: b
Clarification: A reservoir is an artificial lake where H₂O is stored. Most reservoirs are formed by constructing dams across rivers. A reservoir could also be formed from a natural lake whose outlet has been dammed to control the H₂O level.

9. Reservoirs should be relatively high and narrow to give a column of fluid ___________ the pump inlet. This lessen the chance of air entering the system by formation of a vortex.
a) Below
b) Above
c) At level
d) Far away
Answer: b
Clarification: Sometimes in such reservoirs the new top H₂O level exceeds the H₂O shed height on one or more of the feeder streams. In such cases additional side dams are required to contain the reservoir.

10. Hydraulic fluid might be transferred with pipes, tubing, or hose. Pipes are often of (non-stainless) ___________ material.
a) Copper
b) Zing
c) Aluminium
d) Steel
Answer: d
Clarification: These don’t utilise galvanized steel since zinc is fairly reactive with some fluid additives. They are rigid and not meant to be bent. The schedule no. refers to the wall thickness; the actual thickness and pressure rating depend on the overall nominal pipe diameter.

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Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Wood Chips and Sawdust”.

1. What caused the diminished use of Sawdust?
a) Saw blades have become thinner with more teeth
b) Saw blades have become thicker with no teeth
c) Saw blades have become thinner with less teeth
d) Saw blades have become thicker with more teeth
Answer: a
Clarification: This makes the output Sawdust too small to be used as a fiber source for pulp.

2. Mechanical dis-integrated wood pieces are of size ___________ along the grain.
a) 12 – 25mm
b) 0.3 – 2.00mm
c) 26 – 30mm
d) 9 – 12mm
Answer: a
Clarification: Uniform chip size is very important in chemical pulping because large chips are under cooked.

3. Bark, dirt and other materials should always be kept to a minimum of____________
a) 3% or less
b) 0.5% or less
c) 0.005% or less
d) 0.01% or less
Answer: b
Clarification: If not then they give a dark pulp that cannot be brightened, since lignen must be retained in these pulps.

4. Where are Silos located?
a) Over pile of wood chips
b) Over rotor table
c) Under pile of wood chips
d) Under rotor table
Answer: c
Clarification: It is not visible to the wood area. A large supply assures a constant wood supply to the digesters.

5. Whole tree chips undergo cleaning operation prior to the use
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: They are made from entire stem of tree and contains dirt, twigs. Hence, whole tree chips undergo cleaning operation prior to use.

6. Which of the following is an example of residual chips?
a) Chip silos
b) Chips
c) Pulp
d) Sawdust
Answer: d
Clarification: Residue generated by the teeth of the saw, then chemically pupled in continuous digesters with short residence time.

7. Which is the closest average fiber length for a 12mm long chip from Douglas fiber?
a) 6mm
b) 2mm
c) 3mm
d) 13.5mm
Answer: c
Clarification: Since, axis is parallel to fiber orientation. We’ll have reduced average fiber lengths.

8. What is the closest percentage of wood received as chip waste from primary wood process and what percentage is chipped on site?
a) 40% and 60%
b) 60% and 40%
c) 80% and 20%
d) 20% and 80%
Answer: c
Clarification: The more amount is exported from the other parts and nearly 20% is collected from machines around plant.

9. One method used for metering the wood chips into the digesters without constant supervision is with the use of chip silos of capacity __________
a) 1 – 10 tons
b) 10 – 50 tons
c) 11 – 100 tons
d) 50 – 300 tons
Answer: d
Clarification: Chip silos are designed in a way to produce more efficiency, after screening.

10. Fuel value of softwood is less than hardwood.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The value for softwood is higher due to higher lignen content.

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Pulp and Paper Questions and Answers for Freshers on “Other Methods of Pulping”.

1. Chemical puling and bleaching of chemical pulps both come under delignification reactions.
a) True
b) False
Answers: a
Clarification: It’s correct the bleaching reactions are much more specific for lignin removal than pulping, but are much more expensive.

2. A variety of pretreatment processes applied to pulp lower the amount of bleaching chemicals required.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: A variety of pre-treatment processes applied to pulp lower some amount of bleaching chemicals which are required, leading to lower the levels of chlorinated organic materials.

3. ____________ is a mainly an experimental pulping procedure which using organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, and etc.
a) Inoranosolv pulping
b) Organosolv pulping
c) Klason pulping
d) Extended pulping
Answer: b
Clarification: Organosolv is mainly an experimental pulping procedure and which uses organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, etc. to remove lignin completely. It has many advantages like having no sulfur emissions and a simple chemical recovery process.

4. The ___________ process of Repap enterprises using 50%ethanol and 50% water at 195 degree celcius for nearly 1 hour has been demonstrated at 15 t/d.
a) Copper cell
b) Magnesium cell
c) Aluminium cell
d) Strontium cell
Answer: c
Clarification: The Aluminium cell process of Repap enterprises uses constituents for approximately 1 hour has been demonstrated at 15 t/d.

5. The pulp has tensile strength and burst strengths and brightness equal to ___________ pulp.
a) Kraft
b) Biological
c) Organosolv
d) Klason
Answer: a
Clarification: The pulp has tensile strength and burst strengths and brightness equal to Kraft pulp and a higher tear strength by 6- 7%.

6. The pulp has tensile strength and burst strengths and brightness equal to Kraft pulp and a higher tear strength by ___________ What is the range for this in Organosolv pulping?
a) 10-11%
b) 6-7%
c) 15-20%
d) 20-25%
Answer: b
Clarification: The pulp has tensile strength and burst strengths and brightness equal to Kraft pulp and a higher tear strength by 6- 7%.

7. __________ furfural, and hemicellulose are obtained as by products in Organosolv pulping.
a) Lignin
b) Alcohol cellulose
c) Organocell
d) Methanol
Answer: a
Clarification: The pulp appears to be particularly amenable to O₂ delignification without significant strength loss. Also D.E.D. bleaching gives a brightness of 90 ISO.

8. ___________ is an experimental process where chips are pre-heated with white rot fungi or lignin degradation enzymes.
a) Novel pulping methods
b) Organosolv
c) Biological
d) Sivola
Answer: c
Clarification: Biological pulping is an experimental process where chips are pre-heated with white rot fungi or lignin degradation enzymes.

9. Many of the strength improvements and yields observed with these methods do not consider the effect of fungal hyphae. What process are we talking about?
a) Novel pulping methods
b) Organosolv
c) Sivola
d) Biological
Answer: d
Clarification: In Biological pulping most of strength improvements and yields observed with these methods don’t consider the effect of fungal hyphae.

10. Novel puling methods include?
a) Formaldehyde pulping
b) White pulping
c) Brown pulping
d) Saturated pulping
Answer: a
Clarification: They include nitric acid pulping, organosolv pulping, pulping with a variety of organic solvents, and also formaldehyde pulping.

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Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Chemical Analysis of Paper”.

1. The value of mineral residue left after the complete combustion of organic material represents the latex.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The value of mineral residue left after the complete combustion of organic material represents the ash content.

2. Ash content is a measure of filler content in papers containing clay, and CaCO₃.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Ash content’s a measure of filler content in papers containing clay, CaCO₃, or TiO₂ fillers and soda content in brown papers.

3. _________ with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (E.D.A.X.) is a very useful tool for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of elements.
a) Scattering electron microscopy
b) Scattering ion microscopy
c) Scanning electron microscopy
d) Scanning ion microscopy
Answer: c
Clarification: Scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (E.D.A.X.) is a very important tool for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of elements with atomic no. of 13 or higher aluminium on the surface of paper.

4. _________ is very important for looking at element distributions upon the surface or through the thickness of paper if cross-sections are made.
a) Scattering electron microscopy
b) Scattering ion microscopy
c) Scanning electron microscopy
d) Scanning ion microscopy
Answer: c
Clarification: Selecting electron microscopy(S.E.M.) is very useful for looking at element distributions on the surface or through the thickness of paper if cross-sections are made.

5. Elements are bombarded with electron and they give off X-rays at frequencies which are measured in energy units of electron volts. What is the name of the process?
a) Scanning ion microscopy
b) Scattering ion microscopy
c) Scattering electron microscopy
d) Scanning electron microscopy
Answer: d
Clarification: Elements are bombarded with electron and they release X-rays at frequencies which are measured in energy units of electron volts. With proper calibration, the no. of X-ray’s released show the relative amount of that material.

6. The determination of Na, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Mg content of pulp and paper is done by _________
a) Atomic absorption microscopy
b) Electronic absorption microscopy
c) Ionic absorption microscopy
d) Electronic adsorption microscopy
Answer: b
Clarification: The determination of Na, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Mg content of pulp and paper by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

7. The adhesive on top of the coating does not alter the spectrum except to attenuate the signal, since the adhesive contains only light elements. The coated sheet contains these elements in addition to _________
a) Zinc and chloride
b) Zinc and hydrochloride
c) Zinc silicate and hydrochloride
d) Magnesium and chloride
Answer: a
Clarification: The coated sheet contains these elements in addition to Zn and Cl (possibly from a zinc oxide filler.) The adhesive on top of the coating does not alter the spectrum except to attenuate the signal, since the adhesive contains only light elements and absorbs some of the electrons before they can reach other elements beneath them.

8. _________ method has numerous important widespread applications to scale residues, corrosion products, and sludge analysis. The method is simple, fast, and reliable.

a) Scattering electron microscopy
b) Scattering ion microscopy
c) Scanning electron microscopy
d) Scanning ion microscopy
Answer: c
Clarification: Scanning electron microscopy method has numerous important widespread applications to scale residues, corrosion products, and sludge analysis. The method is simple, fast, and reliable.

9. The use of various types of _________ is becoming increasingly important in paper in order to increase its strength and to increase the retention of fines, fillers, and other materials.
a) Lignin
b) Pulpwood
c) Starch
d) Gum
Answer: c
Clarification: The use of various types of starch is becoming increasingly important in paper in order to increase its strength and to increase the retention of fines, fillers, and other materials. In the latter case, cationic starches are commonly used.

10. _________ may be measured qualitatively by an iodine solution or quantitatively by HCl extraction followed by colorimetric determination with iodine.
a) Lignin
b) Pulpwood
c) Starch
d) Gum
Answer: c
Clarification: Starch may be measured qualitatively by an iodine solution or quantitatively by HCl extraction followed by colorimetric determination with iodine.

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Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Recycled Fiber Recovery”.

1. Recycling fiber is the process of separating useful fiber from the contaminants of waste paper. A series of processes can be used to accomplish this task.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: A series of processes can be used to accomplish this task.Recycling fiber is the process of separating useful fiber from the contaminants of waste paper.

2. Recycled fiber recovery does not begins at the pulper, which is nothing more than a large blender to disperse pulp into an aqueous slurry.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Pulping could be done at high or low consistencies utilizing diff. rotors. Shows a high consistency pulper and shows a low consistency pulper with trash removal.

3. A _________ is a long tube with an overhead grapple that’s utilised to manually remove waste that accumulates at the bottom of the tower.
a) Woodward
b) Junk tower
c) Contaminants
d) Surfactants
Answer: b
Clarification: A junk tower’s a long tube with an overhead grapple that’s utilized to manually remove waste that accumulates at the bottom of the tower.

4. A _________ is an enclosed bucket conveyer utilized to automatically remove heavy and floating waste on a continuous basis.
a) Sludge
b) Centrifugal cleaner
c) Continuous junk removal
d) Ink washing
Answer: c
Clarification: It’s an enclosed bucket conveyer utilized to automatically remove heavy and floating waste on a continuous basis.

5. The primary screen rejects could be as high as 50 percent, the primary screen rejects are often sent to a secondary screen to recover usable _________
a) Lignin
b) Pulp
c) Fiber
d) Ink
Answer: c
Clarification: The primary screen rejects are often sent to a secondary screen to recover usable fiber. The stock is then sent to a screening system.

6. An alternative to reverse cleaners is the_________ The unit was developed by Lamort and Centre Technique du Papeterie (C.T.P.) in France.
a) Ink washing
b) Decolorizing methods
c) Flotation clarification of effluent
d) Gyroclean of Fiberprep
Answer: d
Clarification: Gyroclean of Fiberprep was developed by Lamort and Centre Technique du Papeterie (C.T.P.) in France. The manufacturer claims the unit can operate at up to 2 percent consistency. Fiber loss is said to be minimal, and no secondary units are required. Units are available to process 70 to 520 mVhr 300 to 2300 gal/min. The acceleration experienced by the stock’s 700 times normal gravity.

7. _________ involves removal by washing it from the fiber using NaOH, sodium silicate, and hydrogen peroxide with a suitable dispersant in the pulper.
a) Ink flotation
b) Froth flotation
c) Ink washing
d) Froth washing
Answer: c
Clarification: Often the dispersant’s stearic acid and micelle formation occurs in the classic mechanism by which soap is able to make grease and oils water “soluble”. Ink washing involves removal by washing it from the fiber using NaOH, sodium silicate, and H₂O₂ with a suitable dispersant in the pulper.

8. _________ process is carried out using NaOH, sodium silicate, and H₂O₂ with a collector system consisting of a surfactant. What is the name of the process?
a) Ink washing
b) Gyroclean
c) Deinking chemistry
d) Reverse cleaners
Answer: a
Clarification: With ink flotation, large ink particle sizes are desired at least 5 /im, but 10-50 im is ideal so the ink can agglomerate and be skimmed from the slurry.

9. After de-inking and cleaning, the dilute pulp slurry must be concentrated for processing further and storage. What is the term used here?
a) Bleaching of secondary fiber
b) Slurry concentration
c) Deinking process
d) Flocculation
Answer: b
Clarification: After de-inking and cleaning, the dilute pulp slurry must be concentrated for further processing and storage. A large disk filter used to conc. a pulp slurry from 0.6 to 10 percent consistency at a mill that recieves 500 tons/day of secondary fiber.

10. _________ or so called wood-containing pulp are bleached with peroxide about 1 percent on pulp, with 4 percent sodium silicate, 50°C.
a) Chemical pulps
b) Softwood pulps
c) Hardwood pulps
d) Mechanical pulps
Answer: d
Clarification: Mechanical pulps are bleached with peroxide (about 1 percent on pulp, with 4 percent sodium silicate, 50°C) or dithionite (hydrosulfite, about 1percent on wood, at pH 5 to 6 mitigate air oxidation of dithionite). Wood free pulps are usually bleached with a single stage hypochlorite treatment (1% on wood as Cl), although an initial chlorination before hypochlorite has also been used.

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Pulp and Paper online test on “Statistical Process Control Tools”.

1. It is very important to collect useful data before trying to analyze it by charting and statistical analysis.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: It is very important to collect useful data before trying to analyze it by charting and statistical analysis. T.A.P.P.I. Standard Methods cover areas of sampling for paper, chips, and other materials.

2. The more _________ in a material, the more often it should be sampled. Wood has a very large amount of _________ due to the nature of the material.
a) Durability
b) Consistency
c) Variability
d) Lignin
Answer: c
Clarification: None.

3. The accuracy of data is paramount. No amount of statistical analysis will detect errors in pulp _________ numbers that are all very less because a buret could not be filled to the top.
a) Kappa
b) Beta
c) Gamma
d) Alfa
Answer: a
Clarification: Kappa number is the amount of 0.02M KMn_O4 consumed by 1 g of pulp. This value is then corrected to 50% KMn_O4 consumption.

4. Data for _________ process control can be presented in whichever form in which data is commonly presented for analysis, presentations, and comparison. These tools include bar charts, pie charts, scatter plots to relate two or more variables, Pareto charts, and control charts.
a) Statistical
b) Consistency
c) Variability
d) Lignin
Answer: c
Clarification: Variability is a measure of the spread of a data set. It includes the range, variance, and standard deviation. Data for statistical process control can be presented in any form in which data is commonly presented for analysis, presentations, and comparison.

5. It is possible to see subtle trends in data presented tabularly, but they become more apparent when presented graphically with the respected function values.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: By graphing the data, the trend analysis becomes much easier. They become more apparent when presented graphically.

6. By graphing the data, the trend analysis becomes much easier. They become more apparent when presented graphically.
a) Lorenz
b) Quasi-static
c) Pressure sensitive
d) Kurtis
Answer: a
Clarification: Pareto charts were invented in 1906 by Vilfredo Pareto. He modified Lorenz type-plots that were first used to show unequal distribution of wealth (Juran, 1962).

7. The _________ is a line graph where the x-axis is the independent variable and the y-axis is the process control parameter or variable. The kappa number of pulp going to the bleach plant.
a) Control chart
b) Pareto charts
c) Student’s
d) SPC
Answer: a
Clarification: Control chart is a line graph where the x-axis is the independent variable and the y-axis is the process control parameter or variable. The kappa number of pulp going to the bleach plant.

8. Upper and lower boundaries of the “desired” values of y are plotted as lines. These are the _________ and _________ The average value (X, said as “X-bar”) is centred b/w the control limits. The range of the control limits, R, depends on the statistical variation of the process.
a) Higher limit and lower limit
b) Upper control limit and lower control limit
c) Max. limit and Min. Limit
d) Upper point and lower point
Answer: b
Clarification: Upper and lower boundaries of the “desired” values of y are plotted as lines. These are the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL). The average value (X, said as “X-bar”) is centred between the control limits. The range of the control limits, R, depends on the statistical variation of the process.

9. One can quickly see if the process control variable is within the control area. If the actual y values are consistently within the boundaries, the process is said to be in control. This allows an operator to make changes when appropriate, but not to try to make changes when no action is called for. What is the topic of discussion?
a) Control chart
b) Pareto charts
c) Student’s
d) SPC
Answer: a
Clarification: The control chart is a graph utilized to study how a process changes over time. Data are plotted in a timely order. A control chart always contains a central line for the average, a lower line for the lower control limit and an upper line for the upper control limit.

10. If this does not solve the problem then new S.P.C. techniques that are being introduced in the pulp mill would probably decrement process variability of the pulp going to the bleach plant from the pulp mill. What is the topic of discussion?
a) Control chart
b) Pareto charts
c) Student’s
d) SPC
Answer: a
Clarification: If this doesn’t solve the problem then new S.P.C. techniques that are being introduced in the pulp mill would probably decrement process variability of the pulp going into the bleach plant from the pulp mill.

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