Category: Pulp & Paper Objective Questions

Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Softwood Fiber”.

1. Fibers over ____________ millimetre long are most often softwood fibers.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b
Clarification: Fibers over 2 millimetre long are most often softwood fibers.

2. Ray cross—field pitting in softwoods is the principal means of many ray cross field pits shows if ray tracheids are present, whether they are marginal or interspersed, and might indicate the average height of the rays.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Cross-field pitting referres to the pores b/w the ray parenchyma cells and the vertical tracheids. The pores b/w the ray tracheids, if the ray tracheids are present, are diff. Cross-field pitting is somewhat variable within a growth ring so it is best to consider the first two or three rows of early wood.

3. Spruce, larch, and hemlock might be able to be distinguished from each other as with true—fir and western redcedar.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Spruce, larch, and hemlock might not be able to be distinguished from each other as with true—fir and western redcedar. If the source of the pulp is known then regional information could be utilized.

4. Which of the following is made from Softwood fiber?
a) Letterpress
b) Magazine
c) Grocery bags
d) Novels
Answer: c
Clarification: Softwood fibers from commonly utilized papermaking species such as pine, spruce, alpine fir, and Douglas fir have tracheid fibers nearly 3 millimeter long and 20 to 30 millimeter thick.

5. What is the type of the softwood fiber?

a) Douglas—fir
b) Southern pine
c) Eastern white pine
d) Sitka spruce
Answer: a
Clarification: Douglas fir, with the scientific name Pseudotsuga menziesii, is an evergreen conifer species found in western North America.

6. What is the type of the softwood fiber?

a) Douglas—fir
b) Southern pine
c) Eastern white pine
d) Sitka spruce
Answer: b
Clarification: They grow very well in the acidic red clay soil found in a lot of the region. The species include Loblolly, longleaf, shortleaf, and slash pines.

7. What is the type of the softwood fiber?

a) Douglas—fir
b) Southern pine
c) Eastern white pine
d) Sitka spruce
Answer: c
Clarification: Eastern White Pine is the largest pine tree in Virginia. It grows over 100 feet. and has a straight trunk up to 4 feet. wide.

8. What is the type of the softwood fiber?

a) Douglas—fir
b) Southern pine
c) Eastern white pine
d) Sitka spruce
Answer: d
Clarification: It’s a large coniferous evergreen tree growing to almost 100 meter (330 feet) tall, and with a trunk diameter at breast height that could be greater than 5 meter (16 feet).

9. What is the type of the softwood fiber?

a) Douglas—fir
b) Sitka spruce
c) Western hemlock
d) Western cedar
Answer: c
Clarification: It’s a species of hemlock found in the west coast of North America, with its north western limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its south eastern limit in northern Sonoma County.

10. What is the type of the softwood fiber?

a) Douglas—fir
b) Sitka spruce
c) Western hemlock
d) Western cedar
Answer: d
Clarification: Western Redcedar is a commercially crucial lumber, utilized in a number of applications ranging from rough-sawn lumber for utilize in home construction to clear quarter sawn material for classical guitar.

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Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Chemi-mechanical Pulping”.

1. Chemi-mechanical processes were originally named chemi-groundwood processes.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Chemi-mechanical processes were originally named chemi-groundwood processes because these chemical pre-treatments were developed and used commercially at a time when stone ground wood was the predominant mechanical process.

2. What is the full form of ESPRA?
a) Empire state paper research association
b) Entropy state pulp research association
c) Enthalpy state paper research academy
d) Empire state pound research association
Answer: a
Clarification: Empire state paper research association, whose labs are in Syracuse, New York.

3. The most common chemi-mechanical process is?
a) SGW
b) PGW
c) RPM
d) CTMP
Answer: d
Clarification: The pretreatments are hot sulfite or cold soda and are particularly applicable to hardwoods.

4. In hot sulfite process pressurized hot sulfite liquor is used to treat __ prior to fibration.
a) Crackers
b) Cards
c) Plates
d) Chips
Answers: d
Clarification: In hot sulfite process pressurized hot sulfite liquor is used to treat chips prior to fibration. This results in brighter pulp.

5. The cold soda process was first investigated by U.S. in?
a) 2000
b) 1950
c) 1860
d) 1974
Answer: b
Clarification: The cold soda process was first investigated by U.S. in as a pre-treatment prior to making RMP.

6. What is the full form of C.T.M.P?
a) Chemi-thermomechanical pulp
b) Chemi-mechanical pulp
c) Chemi-thermomechanical protein
d) Chemi-catalyst protein
Answer: a
Clarification: C.T.M.P. is a process similar to TMP process except the chips are first pretreated with relatively small amounts of sodium sulfite.

7. What is the name of the process at the question mark area?

a) Chip inlet
b) CTMP
c) Liquor level
d) Liquor inlet
Answer: a
Clarification: Liquor impregnation working on the pressure-expansion technique.

8. What is the name of the process at the question mark area?

a) Chip inlet
b) CTMP
c) Liquor level
d) Liquor inlet
Answer: c
Clarification: Liquor impregnation making use of the pressure-expansion technique.

9. What is the name of the process at the question mark area?

a) Chip inlet
b) CTMP
c) Liquor level
d) Liquor inlet
Answer: d
Clarification: Liquor impregnation utilizing the pressure-expansion technique.

10. What is the name of the process at the question mark area?

a) Chip inlet
b) Chip discharge
c) Liquor level
d) Liquor inlet
Answer: b
Clarification: Liquor impregnation using the pressure-expansion technique.

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Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Refining”.

1. Pulp refining is a chemical treatment process of pulp fibers to evolve their papermaking properties in which paper properties depend on the product being made.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification:Pulp refining’s a mechanical treatment process of pulp fibers to evolve their papermaking properties in which optmium paper properties, of course, depend on the product being made.

2. __________ is the production of rough surfaces on fibers by mechanical action; refiners break the outer layer of fibers and the secondary cell wall to protrude from the fiber surfaces.
a) Fibrillation
b) Drainage
c) Fiber cutting
d) Fiber brushing
Answer: a
Clarification: Fibrillation is the production of rough surfaces on fibers by mechanical action; refiners break the outer layer of fibers, and the fibrils from the secondary cell wall to protrude from the fiber surfaces.

3. A __________ is an early device used to treat pulp to improve the papermaking properties.
a) Refiner
b) Beater
c) Hinge
d) Spreader cone
Answer: b
Clarification:A beater is an early device used to treat pulp to improve the papermaking properties. Beating’s a batch process where the pulp slurry circulates through an oval tank around a mid-section and passes between a revolving roll with bars and a bed plate with bars.

4. What are the 2 types of refiners in refining?
a) Cubical and cuboidal
b) Circular and triangular
c) Disk and conical
d) Conical and circular
Answer: c
Clarification: There are 2 principal types: disk and conical refiners which are machines that mechanically macerate and/or cut pulp fibers prior to the process of making paper.

5. Refiners are machines that mechanically macerate and/or cut pulp fibers prior to making them into paper.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Refiners are machines that mechanically macerate and/or cut pulp fibers prior to making them into paper.

6. What is the name of the part?

a) Cutting coarse bar
b) Double disk refiner
c) Twin flow refiners
d) Food processing
Answer: c
Clarification:Twin Flo refiner’s a double-disc refiner, which’s available for all types of fiber processing applications: e.g. recycled fiber pulp.

7. Fill in the blank.

__________= (L_i X ∑ W_i)/ (∑ W_i)

a) Mass average length
b) Weight average length
c) Power average momentum
d) Work done average power
Answer: b
Clarification: L’s the length of the fraction of fibers with a length of i, N is the number of fibers of length i, and W is the weight of the fraction of fibers with length z. The weight average fiber length’s equal to or greater than the number average fiber length.

8. Fill in the blank.
__________= (∑ N_i X L_i)/ (∑ N_i)
a) Pulp average processed
b) Mass average processed
c) Weight average processed
d) Number average length
Answer: d
Clarification: L is the length of the fraction of fibers with a length of i, N is the number of fibers of length i, and W is the weight of the fraction of fibers with length z.

9. __________ is a measure of the power input to the motors of the refiner based on the amount of pulp processed. It’s an indirect measure of the energy spent in cutting.
a) Refining power
b) Actualization power
c) Compartmentalization power
d) Degree power
Answer: a
Clarification: Refining power’s a measure of the power input to the motors of the refiner based on amount of pulp processed. It is an indirect measure of the energy expended in cutting and fibrillating .

10. In __________ both the burst and tear strengths are crucial, although increment in refining to raise the burst strength leads to less tear strength.
a) Brown paper bag
b) Polythene
c) Black paper bag
d) Carton bag
Answer: a
Clarification: In brown paper bags both the burst and tear strengths are crucial, although increment in refining to raise the burst strength leads to lower tear strength; hence, the tear strength of brown paper grocery sacks tends to be low.

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Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “The Heatbox”.

1. The inlet to the heatbox must confirm an odd fiber slurry consistency and pressure across the width of the heatbox to confirm cross direction non-uniformity of paper.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The inlet to the heatbox must confirm an even fiber slurry consistency and pressure across the width of the heatbox to confirm cross direction uniformity of paper.

2. An even pressure around the heatbox’s maintained by controlling the rate of recirculation.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: By inc. the recirculation, i.e., by reducing the pressure at the narrow end of the tapered inlet, the pressure and, therefore, flow rate at the heatbox over the narrow part of the tapered inlet is decreasing.

3. The _________ is a pressurized device that releases a uniform pulp slurry on the wire through the slice.
a) Aluminator
b) Heat gear
c) Head gear
d) Heatbox
Answer: d
Clarification: The heatbox is a pressurized device that releases a uniform pulp slurry on the wire, throughout the slice, at nearly the identical velocity as that of the wire. Original heatboxes were open, un-pressurized, and utilized a hydrostatic head for the necessary pressure.

4. A _________ could be utilized part of the way down the table to give a top coat of best quality fiber relative to the rest of the sheet.
a) Primary heatbox
b) Secondary heatbox
c) Tertiary heatbox
d) Quaternary heatbox
Answer: b
Clarification: A secondary heatbox could be used as part of the way down the table to release a top coat of best quality fiber relative to the rest of the sheet. To produce a white printing surface upon linerboard or to put secondary fiber in the middle section layer of linerboard, where contaminants such as polymers and wax hide.

5. Paper machines functioning above 2500 ft/min use a special, high pressure heatbox called as _________
a) Hydraulic heatbox
b) Mechanical heatbox
c) Chemical heatbox
d) Secondary heatbox
Answer: a
Clarification: High pressure heatbox called as a hydraulic heatbox. These heatboxes don’t use rectifier rolls because the high turbulence that’s generated with these rolls causes formation problems beyond the heatbox.

6. The _________ is a rectangular space in the heatbox where the pulp slurry is applied to the wire.
a) Slit
b) Slice
c) Gap
d) Slope
Answer: b
Clarification: The slice is a rectangular space in the heatbox where the pulp slurry is applied to the wire. It consists of a lower, fixed apron and an upper, adjustable lip controlling the slice height.

7. The slice height’s variable across the width of the _________ to confirm uniformity of the paper across the width of the paper machine.
a) Heatbox
b) Aluminator
c) Heat box
d) Paper machine
Answer: d
Clarification: Paper machines now utilized velocity formation where the lower apron protrudes out of the heatbox to direct the slice outward. The slice height is variable across the width of the paper machine to confirm uniformity of the paper across the width of the paper machine.

8. The energy of the jet’s utilized to displace the air with the return fabric into the _________
a) Fans
b) Turbine
c) Pans
d) Motor
Answer: c
Clarification: Accompanying the return fabric into the pans. As speeds inc. the energy of this air film inc. so the angle cannot be reduced. Therefore, the forming force inc. with advancing speed.

9. The eq., F = h sin (jS), for the forming force shows that the force will _________ with the speed unless the approach angle can be reduced then the sheet is “welded” to the wire.
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Multiply
d) Divide
Answer: a
Clarification: The eq. , F = h sin (j S), for the forming force shows that the force will increment with the speed. If the forming pressure reaches 34 kPa then the sheet’s “welded” to the wire, and never be removed. When beta = 8 degrees, this will occur at a speed of 4500 ft/min.

10. With _________ formation, the upper lip comes out beyond the apron and the jet’s directed toward the wire, which may cause poor formation, poor retention, and wire mark.
a) Bulk
b) Stress
c) Strain
d) Pressure
Answer: d
Clarification: With pressure formation, the upper lip protrudes beyond the apron as a result of the development of water removal equipment, it’s no longer sufficient to use pressure forming except for tissue grades.

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Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Condensation Polymers”.

1. The _________ is utilized to synthesize polymers from monomers with 2 reactive functional groups by a step-wise reaction.
a) Addition polymer
b) Condensation polymer
c) Cross-linked addition
d) Addition monomer
Answer: b
Clarification: The condensation mechanism is utilized to synthesize polymers from monomers with 2 or more for crosslinked polymer reactive function groups by a step-wise reaction.

2. Every step of the reaction b/w 2 monomers produces a simple molecule, often H₂O, but sometimes NH₃ or another molecule, as a main product.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: These reactions are common, well known organic chemistry reactions. Each reaction step between 2 monomers produces a simple molecule, often H₂O, but sometimes NH₃ or another molecule, as a side product.

3. _________ are easily controlled synthetic polymer reactions, not like free radical reactions.
a) Precipitation reaction
b) Addition reaction
c) Radiation reaction
d) Condensation reaction
Answer: d
Clarification:The most common reactions of synthetic polymers are esterification formation of ester linkages and amidation formation of amide linkages. Condensation reactions are easily controlled reactions, unlike free radical reactions.

4. In the case of _________ it is possible to utilize a single compound to make the polymer, and that’s H₂N(CH₂)₅COOH.
a) Nylon6, 6
b) Nylon2, 2
c) Methamphetamine
d) Desoxyn
Answer: a
Clarification: In the case of nylon 6,6 (6 is the number of carbon atoms in each of the two monomers if a di-carboxylic acid and di-amine were utilized to form it) it is possible to utilize a single compound to make the polymer, and that’s H₂N(CH₂)₅COOH.

5. After a short time essentially all of the monomers will be gone and oligomers will exist in the condensation reaction.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The monomers will react together initially and small polymers (oligomers) will react later. This means that after a short time essentially all of the monomers will be gone and oligomers will exist.

6. Oligomers react to form short chain polymers, then the short chained polymers react to form moderately long chain polymers. The number _________ can be predicted as a function of the extent of reaction.
a) Average DP
b) John DP
c) Pascal DP
d) Rankine DP
Answer: a
Clarification: The number average degree of polymerisation can be used to predicted the function of the extent of reaction. These oligomers will then react to form short chain polymers, then the short chained polymers will react to form moderately long chain polymers.

7. What is the name of the compound?

a) Ethylene glycol
b) Diphenyl propane
c) Hexaneamide
d) Nylon(6, 6)
Answer: b
Clarification: 1,3-Diphenyl-1,3-propanedione (dibenzoylmethane, D.B.M.) is an aromatic 1,3-diketone derivative of acetylacetone, where both methyl groups in acetylacetone have been substituted by phenyl groups. It’s a white solid which melts at 77−78 °Celcius.

8. What is the name of the compound?

HOCH₂CH₂OH

a) Ethylene glycol
b) Diphenyl propane
c) Hexaneamide
d) Nylon6, 6
Answer: a
Clarification: Ethylene glycol (I.U.P.A.C. name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound primarily used as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and fabric industry, and polyethylene terephthalate resins (P.E.T.) utilized in bottling.

9. What is the name of the compound?

-NH(CH₂)₆NH-CO(CH₂)₄CO-

a) Ethylene glycol
b) Diphenyl propane
c) Hexaneamide
d) Nylon(6, 6)
Answer: d
Clarification: Nylon 66 (also known as nylon 6-6, nylon 6/6 or nylon 6,6) is made of 2 monomers each containing 6 carbon atoms, hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, which produces nylon 66, its name.

10. What is the name of the product?

H₂N(CH₂)₆NH₂ + HOOC-(CH₂)₄-COOH andrarr; ___________

a) Ethylene glycol
b) Diphenyl propane
c) Hexaneamide
d) Nylon6,6
Answer: d
Clarification: Nylon 66 (aka nylon 6-6, nylon 6/6 or nylon 6,6) is a type of polyamide or nylon. Nylons come in many types, and the two most common for textile and plastics industries are nylon 6 and nylon 6,6.

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Pulp and Paper Multiple Choice Questions on “Wet and Dry Strength”.

1. Wet strength additives work by forming ionic bonds between fibers.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The system works by forming their own cross-linked network of covalent bonds. It is a type of bonding where pair of electrons are shared. These electron pairs are called as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms.

2. It is well known that _________ cause maximum flocculation shortly after their addition to fiber slurries.
a) Anionic polymer
b) Cationic polymer
c) Lyophobic
d) Lyophilic
Answer: b
Clarification: This was observed by Koethe and Scott in 1993.The time on the order of 10 to 100 or more minutes zeta potential decreases.

3. _________ are too large to easily be measure by their zeta potential.
a) Filbers
b) Cationic polymer
c) Lyophobic
d) Lyophilic
Answer: a
Clarification: Fibers are too large to easily measure their zeta potential. Often the assumption is made that the zeta potential behaviour of fiber fines is the same as that of the fibers.

4. What’s the name of the group?

a) Carbonate
b) Epoxy
c) Polymer
d) Starch
Answer: b
Clarification: The epoxy groups of this and other molecules that use it (such as materials utilised to prepare cationic starch) are stored in a stable form and made reactive before using them.

5. The _________ can be measured by the movement of electrophoresis.
a) Zeta resistance
b) Voltage
c) Current
d) Zeta potential
Answer: d
Clarification: The electric field cautilises movement of the water, so the measurements must be made where it is stable . A microscope must be utilised to view the particles and determine their velocity to briefly study zeta potential.

6. What is the name of the hidden part?

_________= EZ/f

a) Voltage
b) Zeta potential
c) Current
d) Factor
Answer: a
Clarification: The velocity of migration of a molecule is proportional to the electric field (E), which is the volts of the field that’s divided by the distance b/w the plates, also referred to the voltage drop per unit length, V/m and the charge of the species (Z) and is indirectly proportional to the frictional coefficient, (f).

7. What’s the name of the instrument?

a) Electrocuting
b) Electrophoresis
c) Electrolysis
d) Electro-magnetism
Answer: b
Clarification: Electrophoresis is a technique utilized in laboratories in order to separate macromolecules based on size. The technique applies a -ve charge so proteins move towards a +ve charge.

8. Colloidal _________ have a disadvantage that it’s hard to reproduce the method from operator to operator without mechanization of the system.
a) Titration
b) Sulfonication
c) Burning
d) Delignification
Answer: a
Clarification: The endpoint determination isn’t very sharp to the unaided eye. The use of a spectroscopic instrument to help determine the endpoint is crucial but adds to the complexity and cost of the method.

9. In the direct titration methods, the indicator isn’t added to the solution containing the cationic polymer.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Anionic polymer is added by a burett. Initially it complexes completely with the cationic polymer.

10. Problems in zeta potential measurement occur if the H₂O has a relatively high _________strength since heating will occur, which induces convection currents.
a) ionic
b) magnetising
c) acid
d) basic
Answer: a
Clarification: Decrement the applied voltage or measurement time will be necessary. Samples must be dilute with a solution of similar inorganic electrolyte composition to observe individual particles.

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