Category: Quality Control Questions

QC Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. What is the relationship between Quality Center and TestDirector?
TestDirector is the tool that was later renamed to Quality Center. The last version of TestDirector was version 8.2.

2. What is the purpose of Quality Center?
TestDirector is a web-enabled tool used for the management of tests. It supports cross-team communication and helps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of collaboration in the process of testing global applications. It is capable of generating reports and graphs that can be used for test analysis, planning, and the tracking of defects.

3. What is the purpose of linking test cases to requirements?

Test cases are linked to requirement so verify test coverage. This ensures that all requirements are being verified by at least one test case.

4. What types of requirement options can be added to test cases?
There are two types of requirements:

1. Parent Requirement – High level functions
2. Child requirements – Low level (sub-requirements of parents)

5. What are the main advantages of Quality Center?

• It is capable of performing manual and automated testing
• It takes all parts of the testing process into account, from test planning through defect tracking
• It ensures test coverage by linking requirements to the test cases
• It allows for test plans and requirements to be imported from Microsoft Excel

6. What do you have to use to upload test cases from Microsoft Excel?
This can be done using the MS Excel add-in. This option can be installed from the Quality Center Add-In menu. Once this is completed, there will be a new menu option in MS Excel for exporting to Quality Center.

7. How are filters be used?
Filters are used to sort the test results. A tester can easily find all pass or fail results using a filter.

8. What is the Test Lab?
The Quality Centre Test Lab where tests are executed. Tests from the test plan can be added to test trees that run in various test cycles.

9. How can the defect management cycle be tailored in Quality Center?

Once all of the defect attributes that will be tracked (i.e. version, details, etc.) are determined, use the “Modify Options” feature of Quality Center to customize.

10. Does Quality Center allow defect to be mapped directly to requirements?
No, defects are mapped indirectly to requirements through test cases.

11. Can test data be stored in TestDirector?
Test data can be stored by attaching it to the matching test cases. It can also be saved into a separate folder in test plan.

12. Will test data be lost if you choose to upgrade from TestDirector to QC?
If the instructions are followed, test data will not be lost when migrating from TestDirector to Quality Center.

13. How are test cases grouped?
The tested decides how to group test cases. The tester has the option of creating several folders in the test plan to represent the test modules. They also have the option of creating sub-modules from there.

14. How does Quality Center compare to Bugzilla?
Quality Center has much more functionality than Bugzilla. Bugzilla is a defect logging and tracking tool while Quality Center is a test management tool. In addition to being able to track defects, Quality Center is capable of managing requirements and test cases for both manual and automated tests and much more.

15. What reports are available in Quality Center?
Some of the test reports that are available include those for requirements, test cases, defect tracking and more. They can be generated from any module and can also be customized using filters to include summaries, coverage, progress, and more. Customized report setting can be saved and reloaded for future testing.

16. Can one defect be mapped to more than one test script?

A defect can be mapped to several different test scripts using the option called ‘associate defect.”

17. Do scripts have to be recorded in QTP or WinRunner before importing them into Quality Center?
No, scripts can be recorded directly to Quality Center by first specifying the URL, user ID, password, project, etc and connecting to Quality Center. The recording tool has to be opened when doing this. The script can be saved to Quality Center rather than the local machine.

18. How can you be sure that bugs are not duplicated?
The “Find Similar Defect” feature searches for defect duplication.

19. What information is in the test grid?
The test grid contains all tests that are related to a project as well as a toolbar with controls that are frequently used when creating and modifying the tests. Filters used in the grid and test history are also displayed.

20. What views are available in TestDirector?
There are three views available in TD:

1. Plan Test –for preparation of test cases
2. Run Test – for test execution
3. Track Defects – for logging bugs

21. What are the Quality Center tabs?
There are four tabs: requirements, test plan, Test Lab, and defects.

22. How can Quality Center be used in real-time projects?

For real-time project, when the test cases are completed, they should be imported into Quality Center and loaded into a test plan. When test execution begins, test cases are moved to Test Lab. Test Lab executes the cases and assigns pass/fail/incomplete statuses. Graphs can be generated and defects attached.

23. What is the difference between ‘Not run’ and ‘Not covered’ statuses?
The “Not Run” status indicates that the test cases associated with the requirements exist but have not been executed. The “Not Covered” status indicates that the test cases associated with the requirements do not exist yet.

24. What is the difference between QA Inspect and Web Inspect?
The QA Inspect feature searched the full web application for vulnerabilities in security, prioritizes them, and provided detailed information and solution suggestions. Web Inspect, on the other hand, is often used as a security assessment for vulnerabilities in security for critical data. Web inspect is use the most by security experts and compliance auditors.

Normally the flow of quality center is like this: First you will encounter few errors/suggestions in your testing of the application. Now you will raise a defect for this error you found in quality center and assign that defect to a developer. The developer will then resolve the issue in his programming/coding and then will re assign to a tester. Now the tester will re test the application (Also called regression testing) and then if he is not seeing that error any more, then he will close the defect.

For creating a defect, you need to enter the title of the defect, summary of the defect, screen shots if available etc..

25. What is an automated test?
An automated test is a recorded script of user actions that is played back on an application to verify correct functionality.

26. Can u use QC for automation?
Yes. QC integrates with WinRunner which is a testing tool that enables you to create and playback automated tests.

27. What are the 2 ways of adding automated tests?

• save a WR test to a Quality Center project.
• Convert a manual test to an automated one.

28. What is the importance of connecting a test case to test requirements?

• to see if all the requirements are covered.
• to map a test case associated with its requirements.

29. What are the types of graphs and reports in QC?
Progress graphs are available for all tables.

Summary graphs are available for all tables.

Test lab has additional graphs

-cross test set progress

-cross test set summary

Defects table also has Age graphs

Reports

-standard reports

-Document generator

-snapshots

-full reports

30. What are Progress Graphs?
Progress Graphs display specified information over a period of time.

Each testing phase has a progress graph Requirements Phase -Data grouped by fields in the REQUIREMENT table.

Planning Phase -Data from TEST table

Execution Phase -Data from RUN table

Defects Phase -Data from DEFECT table

31. What are Summary Graphs?
Summary graphs show the accumulated value of specified data in the Quality Center project. Each testing phase has a summary graph User may select 2 fields for grouping- graph for each field, grouped by field.

32. Why use a filter?
Filters allow you to restrict the scope of data displayed in the graph, report or grid according to criteria that you specify.

When a filter is applied, only those records that meet the filter Conditions are displayed. Filters are available for Graphs, Reports and Grids.

33. When would you generate project documents using the standard Reports?
Feature and when would you use the Document Generator?

We use standard Reports

• to view quick reports,
• to filter/sort and customize the fields,
• and to save it to a Web page file (.htm)

We use Document Generator

• for high customization involving index, tables & attachments
• to save and edit in MS Word format (.doc)
• to choose between snapshot and Full report.

34. What icon indicates whether a test has steps?
A footprint next to the manual and automated icons indicates whether a test has steps.

35. What is a Test Set?
A Test Set is a group of tests selected from the database to achieve a Specific goal.

36. What is a Host Machine?
A host is a computer connected to a network, serving the project database, Which is able to execute automated tests.

37. What is a Scheduler?
The Scheduler is a QC feature that allows timed execution of automated tests. You can specify the date and time when a test will be run. This is useful for running large no. of tests unattended, such as overnight.

38. How does u open a Scheduler?
Goto-> Execution Flow tab. Right click a test to be scheduled and select “Test Run Schedule” from the pop-up menu.

39. Why use QC to track defects?
Maintains a centralized database Standardize defect reporting Prevent duplicate defects Attach supporting information easily Analyze defect data using reports and graphs.

40. How many types of tabs are there in Quality Centre. Explain?
There are four types of tabs are available

1. Requirement : To track the customer requirements
2. Testplan : To design the test cases and to store the test scripts
3. test lab : To execute the test cases and track the results.
4. Defect : To log a defect and to track the logged defects.

41. How to map the requirements with test cases in Quality Centre?
1. In requirements tab select coverage view

2. Select requirement by clicking on parent/child or grandchild

3. On right hand side(In coverage view window) another window will appear. It has two tabs

a) Tests coverage

b) Details

Test coverage tab will be selected by default or you click on it.

4. Click on select tests button a new window will appear on right hand side and you will see a list of all tests. You cans elect any test case you want to map with your requirements.

42. How to use Quality Centre in real time project?
Once completed the preparing of test cases

• Export the test cases into Quality Centre( It will contained total 8 steps)
• The test cases will be loaded in the test plan module
• Once the execution is started. We move the test cases from test plan tab to the test lab module.
• In test lab, we execute the test cases and put as pass or fail or incomplete. We generate the graph in the test lab for daily report and sent to the on site (where ever you want to deliver)
• If we got any defects and raise the defects in the defect module. when raising the defects, attach the defects with the screen shot.

43. Difference between Web Inspect-QA Inspect?
QA Inspect finds and prioritizes security vulnerabilities in an entire web application or in specific usage scenarios during testing and presents detail information and remediation advise about each vulnerability.

Web Inspect ensures the security of your most critical information by identifying known and unknown vulnerabilities within the web application. With web Inspect, auditors, compliance officers and security experts can perform security assessments on a web enabled application. Web inspect enables users to perform security assessments for any web application or web service, including the industry leading application platforms.

44. How can we add requirements to test cases in Quality Centre?
Just you can use the option of add requirements.

Two kinds of requirements are available in TD.

1. Parent Requirement

2. Child requirements.

45. What are the phases of Quality Center process?

• Setting up the QC project
• Requirements Management
• Create Test Cases
• Run Tests and Analyze Results
• Report and Track Defects

46. What are the features of Quality Center?

• Entirely browser based
• Project customization now a separate module
• Test requirements management
• Execution Flow tab
• “Drill Down” in graphs
• save graph, report and grid settings for reuse
• Attach screen snapshots to any object that accepts attachments
• Web Defect Manager functionality built into Defects tab

47. What is a Quality Center Project?
A QC project is a customizable repository for the testing effort. It contains tests, test sets, execution records, defect reports and other test documentation.

48. How many built-in tables does QC have? What are they?
There are 6 tables accessible to the user via QC’s Customize Project interface.

They are as follows:

• Test Table
• Test Step Table
• Run Table
• Test Set Table
• Defect Table
• Requirement Table

49. What is a Table in QC project?
A table in QC project stores records of information about your test plan. It is part of a database.

50. How do you run reports from Quality Centre.
This is how you do it

1. Open the Quality Centre project
2. Displays the requirements modules
3. Choose report

Analysis > reports > standard requirements report

QC Questions and Answers Pdf Download

Q1. What Are The Software Size Requirements In Software Quality Control?

There are two types of software sizes:

Technical Size:

• The most technical sizing method is measured in terms of Line of Code per technology.
• The number of lines include in functions, files, classes and tables.
• These are computed with backfiring the Function Points.

Functional Size:

• The very common function size is Function Point Analysis.
• FPA is all about measuring the software deliverables.
• FPA is based on the requirements of the user and presents accurate representation of developer and estimator.
• FPA reflects the functionality that is delivered to the client.
• FPA involves in identifying and weighting of inputs, outputs and data storage.

Q2. What Are Software Quality Control Factors?

• Functionality: To determine the required functionality in the software
• Usability: To determine the ease of the software is to use.
• Maintainability: To determine whether the modifications of the software can be made.
• Efficiency: To determine whether the software is efficient.
• Portability: To determine whether the software can be transferred to another environment.
• Reliability: To determine the reliability of the software as per the client’s needs.

Q3. What Are Software Control Views?

• Transcendental View: Quality can be recognized and not defined.
• User View: Quality as suitable for the needs.
• Product View: Quality as related to the inherent characteristics of the product.
• Value-based View: Quality is dependent on the number of customers those who are willing to pay for the software product.
• Development View: Quality that is in conformance to specification.

Q4. What Are The Benefits Of Software Quality Control?

Following are the benefits of SQC:

• Increased productivity of the development team.
• Improved Product Quality: Test statistics and defect tracking are more precise and up to date.
• Decreased re-work costs as the detection of defects are found earlier in the software project development lifecycle in every stage.
• Increased confidence levels in existing product management and future product development.
• Increased credibility as the software produced will be highly qualitative.

Q5. What Are The Software Control Methods?

• A paradigm that is Goal Question centric.
• A method that control the overall risk.
• Quality Control that involves Plan, Perform, Check, Action Model.
• Complete Software Quality Control.
• Software Development Method that involve the Spiral Model.

Q6. What Are The Activities That Are Involved In Software Quality Control?

The activities that are involved in Software Quality Control are Reviews and Testing.

Reviews:

1. Review of requirement.
2. Review of design.
3. Review of code.
4. Review of deployment plan .
5. Review of test plan.
6. Review of test cases.

Testing: 

1. Unit Testing
2. Integration Testing
3. System Testing
4. Acceptance Testing

Q7. What Software Quality Control Nomenclature Is Implemented For A Software Product?

Software Quality Control Nomenclature:

• Verifying: comparing the code predictions
• Validating: Comparing the prediction of code with test data
• Version Testing: Comparing output of the current version with output of the previous version
• Installation Testing: Comparing the result with newly installed code to the sample result code
• Development Code: Code tested only by the software developer.
• Alpha Code: Testing of the software product internally by selected users.
• Beta Code: Code testing internally by a large numbers of users.
• Released Code: Well tested and documented code that is officially distributed.

Q8. What Are The Differences Between Quality Control And Quality Assurance?

Quality Assurance:

• Focused on planning, documentation and agreeing certain guidelines that ensures quality.
• The outcomes of Quality Assurance are quality plans, inspection plan, test plan.
• QA is to prevent defects from entering into solutions.

Quality Control:

• Includes the activities that are designed to determine the level of quality.
• QC is a reactive means which measures and monitors the quality
• Includes operational activities and techniques to meet the quality needs. 
• QC involves in verifying the desired quality levels.

Q9. What Are The Factors That Influence Software Quality?

• Clear purpose of the product. All documentation must be clearly written.
• Completeness to the fullest development of the product.
• Only needed information and minimum lines of code should present. It is important as the memory is limited.
• The software product should be portable, so that computers of various configurations would support the execution of the product.
• Product should be maintainable, so that the updating activity can be continued throughout the life time of the software product.

Q10. What Is The Process Of Software Quality Measurement?

• Quantifying the dimensions of the software product, to what extent the rate of the product is met.
• Qualitative and quantitative approaches provide the aggregate view of the product.
• Linear continuum need to be supplemented by the identification of the critical programming bugs.
• Consequences that might lead to catastrophic outages need to be properly identified.
• The critical application characteristics measurement involves the structural attribute measurement of the application architecture, coding, in-line documentation.

Q11. What Are The Best Practices For Assessing Security A Software Product?

• Implementing proper Application Architecture Practices.
• Design compliance of multi-layer components and their functionality.
• Input validation, Cross Site Scripting best practices
• Proper handling of error and exceptions.
• Proper access controls to the program and system functions.

Q12. What Are The Software Engineering Practices And Attributes That Are Required For Assessing The Reliability Of Good Architectural And Coding Practices?

The following are the SE Practices and attributes:

• Coding practices / standards.
• Practices of Application Architecture.
• Determining the complexity of the algorithms.
• Determining the multi-layer design compliance.
• Ratio of component and pattern usability.
• Determining the software to avoid the patterns which would lead to unexpected results / behaviors.
• Determination of data integrity and consistency.

Q13. Who Are Involved In Software Quality Control?

• Project Manager: Controls the software engineering work performed during the software development.
• Designer:  Assists the team to complete the overall design of the software project implementation.
• Technical Advisors: Supports to implement all technical aspects and imposes the quality practices.
• Checkers/Testers: Performs the complete testing of the software project at various levels.
• Quality Assurance Manager: Conforms the software product is as per the expected result with proper guidance and co-ordination with the development team.

Q14. What Are The Quality Characteristics Of Iso 9126?

• Functionality: Functions that satisfies the specified requirements.
• Reliability: A set of attributes that are capable of software maintenance under specified conditions.
• Usability: A set of attributes that is capable of effort bearing on individual’s performance.
• Efficiency: A set of attributes that are capable of balancing the relationship between performance of software and the resources used.
• Maintainability: A set of attributes that are capable of bearing the effort required for specific modifications.
• Portability: A set of attributes those are capable to bear on the ability of the software to be transferred on another environment.

Q15. What Is Software Control Plan? What Are The Characters Of The Software Control Plan?

Quality Control Plan is to analyze the operations needed for the fulfillment of the software project requirements. Quality Control Plan ensures all the specifications are met and the quality of the product is maintained.

The characteristics of the Quality Plan are as follows:

• Consistent: The plan should adhere to the guidelines and the specific standards.
• Complete: The plan should include project requirements, features and essentially the project plan documentation.
• Clear: The plan should be transparent to the developer and also to all the stake holders of the project requirements.
• Correct: The details of the project should be very clear to all stakeholders about project delivery date / postponement / cancellation.

Q16. Describe Software Functional Quality.?

SFQ is pertaining to conformance to the functional requirements. It is measured by the level of end user satisfaction.

The usability and the intuitiveness and responsiveness of the use cases are referred, so as to determine the simplicity / complexity of the operations. SFQ compliances with the original design, and desired testability.

Example: Voice of the Customer can be compared with the level of intuitiveness and responsiveness to measure the quality.

Q17. What Are The Best Practices For Assessing Performance Efficiency Of A Software Product?

• Practices of implementing Application Architecture.
• Interactions with remote resources should be appropriate.
• Proper management of memory, network and disk space.
• Best coding practices.
• Proper and appropriate data access performance and management.
• Appropriate compliance with Object Oriented and Structured Programming practices.
• Appropriate compliance with SQL Programming best practices.

Q18. What Are The Project Control Activities?

The following are the activities of project control:

• Verify the integrity of the database files.
• Check the transcription errors while inputting and referencing the data.
• Verify the data consistency.
• Perform the internal review of documents.
• Perform the completeness check.
• Compare the existing results with previous results.

Q19. What Is Software Quality Control?

A set of activities for ensuring the quality of the software product is known as Software Quality Control. The focus is on identifying the defects in the original products produced.

It is limited only for Testing phase of SDLC. Software Quality Control is governed by Software Quality Assurance. Software Quality Control is detection oriented. The scope relates to specific product.

Q20. What Are The Changes In A Company When It Receives Iso 9001 Certification?

• Quality being part of every day operations, is the internal impact.
• Quality becomes as a part of setting and managing the objectives, practices.
• The open up of operations to customer audits, is the external impact.
• Procedures and record-keeping improve dramatically.
• The implementation of this standards will obviously takes the work to keep audits and the appropriate follow-ups fluent.