Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Conceptual Modelling”.

1. What does conceptual modelling represent?
a) Responsibility
b) Attributes
c) Important relationships between them
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Conceptual modelling represents responsibility or attributes or important relationship between them.

2. What are the sequence of steps for conceptual process?
a) Add Classes
b) Add Attributes
c) Add Association
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Sequence of steps for conceptual process are Adding Classes, Attributes, Associations.

3. Candidate classes should include which of the following?
a) Physical entities, individuals
b) Things managed, tracked, recorded in the real world
c) Associations
d) Physical entities, individuals, Things managed, tracked, recorded in the real world

Answer: d
Clarification: Candidate classes does not have associations.

4. Which of the following statements is false?
a) Add use cases to the list at any point of time
b) Reviews can be done on noun phrases designating characteristics of other entities
c) Use case represent interactions which are result of collaborative activity
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Do not add use cases to the list at any point of time.

5. Which of these should follow a review to the list?
a) Noun or Noun phrases designating characteristics of other entities in the list
b) Noun phrases referring to the activities or behaviors
c) Entities that are same with different names
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned statements are true for following the review.

6. Which of the following guidelines helps with adding attributes?
a) Adjectives and modifiers sometimes give clues about class attributes
b) Attribute names should not be taken from problem domain
c) Attribute should be added for object identification
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Attributes should not be added to object identification.

7. What is the third step in sequence for conceptual class modelling?
a) Adding Class
b) Adding Association
c) Adding Attribute
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Adding association is third step of the process.

8. Which of these important verb phrases should be modeled?
a) Below, under
b) Reports to, Consults
c) Completes, Disposes of
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned verb phrases can be modeled.

9. The associations resulting from modelling verb phrases should be reviewed in which of these ways?
a) Any no of associations can be included
b) Do not combine association lines
c) Do not break any association involving three or more binary associations
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the statements are false, Do not draw more than one association line between classes, Combine association lines, Break any association involving three or more binary associations.

10. Which of the following statement is true?
a) Adding Multiplicities is the last step in conceptual modelling
b) Adding Multiplicities is the easiest step
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Both the mentioned statements are true with respect to the multiplicities.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “UML State Diagrams”.

1. Which of the following statement is true?
a) A transition is a change from one state to another
b) Transitions may be spontaneous, but usually some event triggers them
c) An event is a noteworthy occurrence at a particular time; events have no duration
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned statements are true.

2. Every finite automaton specification must contain which of the following?
a) Descriptions of the automaton’s states in a way that allows them to be distinguished, such as by naming each one;
b) Descriptions of transitions indicating each transition source state, its target state, and the events that trigger it;
c) Designation of an initial state, the starting place for state transitions
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Every finite automaton specification contains – Descriptions of the automaton’s states in a way that allows them to be distinguished, such as by naming each one;Descriptions of transitions indicating each transition source state, its target state, and the events that trigger it; and Designation of an initial state, the starting place for state transitions.

3. What does deterministic and non deterministic automation?
a) A non-deterministic finite automaton is a finite automaton that has no spontaneous transitions and has a single transition that it must make in response to every event in each of its states
b) A deterministic finite automaton is one with multiple transitions
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A deterministic finite automation is a finite automaton that has no spontaneous transitions and has a single transition that it must make in response to every event in each of its states and A non-deterministic finite automaton is one with multiple transitions.

4. Which of the following determines the state diagram?
a) The UML notation for specifying finite automata is the state diagram
b) In state diagrams, states are represented by rounded rectangles
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for the state diagram.

5. Which of the following represents the State Diagram?
a) The finite automaton initial state is designated by a special initial pseudo-state depicted as a large black dot at the tail of an arrow pointing at the initial state
b) A finite automaton may execute forever or it may halt in a final state
c) Transitions are represented by solid arrows labeled with one or more transition strings that describe the circumstances under which the transition is triggered and the actions that may ensue
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for state diagram.

6. Which of the statements state the name compartment?
a) The first compartment is the name compartment
b) It contains the state name; State names are optional and may be path names
c) The name compartment can never be omitted
d) The first compartment is the name compartment, It contains the state name; State names are optional and may be path names

Answer: d
Clarification: State name compartment is the first compartment that contains state name, name compartment may be omitted.

7. Which of the following is true?
a) A state symbol without a nested state compartment represents a complex state
b) One with a nested state compartment represents a simple state
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A state symbol without a nested state compartment represents a simple state and One with a nested state compartment represents a complex state.

8. Which of the following are composite states?
a) A sequential composite state
b) A concurrent composite state
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: There are two kinds of composite states -A sequential composite state and A concurrent composite state.

9. What is sequential and concurrent composite state means?
a) A concurrent composite state contains a single state diagram composed of sub-states or inner states and the transitions between them
b) A sequential composite state contains two or more sequential state diagrams in regions separated by dashed lines called concurrent region boundary lines
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A sequential composite state contains a single state diagram composed of sub-states or inner states and the transitions between them and A concurrent composite state contains two or more sequential state diagrams in regions separated by dashed lines called concurrent region boundary lines.

10. Sequential composite states simplify state models in two ways?
a) They organize states into hierarchies
b) They consolidate many transitions
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the two ways to simplify sequential composite states.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Architectural Patterns, Reference Models”.

1. What makes a good architecture?
a) The architecture may not be the product of a single architect or a small group
b) The architect should have the technical requirements for the system and an articulated and prioritized list of qualitative properties
c) The architecture may not be well documented
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: The architecture should be the product of a single architect or a small group, The architecture should be well documented.

2. What does a typical top level architecture consists of?
a) Prop Loss Model(MOPD)
b) Reverb Model(MODR)
c) Control Process
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A typical top level architecture consists of all the mentioned components.

3. Which among the following are valid questions raised for the top level architectural model?
a) What is the nature of components?
b) What is the significance of the links?
c) What is the significance of the layout?
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the valid questions.

4. Which of the following are correct statements?
a) An architecture may or may not defines components
b) An architecture is not dependable on requirements
c) An architecture is foremost an abstraction of a system that suppresses details of the components that do not affect how they are used
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: An architecture defines components, An architecture is dependable on requirements.

5. What does “Every software system has an architecture” implies?
a) System itself is a component
b) Architecture an exist independently of its description or specification
c) All the system to be stable should posses an architecture
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All the system to be stable should posses an architecture, a system without architecture is unstable hence every software system has an architecture.

6. What is architectural style?
a) Architectural style is a description of component types
b) It is a pattern of run-time control
c) It is set of constraints on architecture
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: An architectural style is a description of component types and pattern of run-time control, It is set of constraints on architecture.

7. What is a Reference Model?
a) It is a division of functionality together with data flow between the pieces
b) It is a description of component types
c) It is standard decomposition of a known problem into parts that cooperatively solve a problem
d) It is a division of functionality together with data flow between the pieces, It is standard decomposition of a known problem into parts that cooperatively solve a problem

Answer: d
Clarification: A reference model is division of functionality together with data flow between the pieces and standard decomposition of a known problem into parts that cooperatively solve a problem.

8. What is Reference architecture?
a) It is a reference model mapped onto software components
b) It provided data flow with comments
c) It provides data flow with pieces
d) It is a reference model mapped onto software components & data flow with comments

Answer: d
Clarification: Reference architecture is a reference model mapped onto software components and data flow with components.

9. Which of the following is incorrect for Reference model, architectural styles and reference architecture?
a) They are not architectures
b) They are useful steps towards an architecture
c) They are set of early design decisions
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are correct.

10. Which of the following can be considered regarding client and server?
a) Client and server is an architectural style
b) Client and server may be considered as an architectural style
c) Client and server is not an architectural style
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Client and server is an architectural style.

11. Which of the statements truly concludes client and server relation with architectural styles?
a) They are component types and their coordination is described in terms of protocols that server uses to communicate with each of its clients
b) Multiple client cannot exist at an instance
c) Architecture are countless for client and server but their architectural styles are different
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Multiple client can exist at an instance and Architectural styles are countless for client and server but their architectures are different.

12. Which of the following is incorrect?
a) A reference model divides the functionality
b) A reference architecture is the mapping of that functionality onto system decomposition
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are correct.

13. What truly describes the reference architecture decomposition?
a) A reference architecture is the mapping of that functionality onto system decomposition may be one to one
b) A reference architecture is the mapping of that functionality onto system decomposition is many to one
c) A reference architecture is the mapping of that functionality onto system decomposition is many to many
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A reference architecture is the mapping of that functionality onto system decomposition may be one to one.

14. Which of the following is true?
a) Architecture is low level design
b) Architecture is mid level design
c) Architecture is high level design
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Architecture is high level design.

15. What is Architecture?
a) Architecture is components
b) Architecture is connectors
c) Architecture is constraints
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Architecture is components,connectors and constraints.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Observation On SAAM”.

1. Conclusions on which of the following topics are made by the observation of SAAM?
a) The role of direct scenario
b) Result of SAAM
c) Stakeholder Participation
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the following observations can be concluded by SAAM.

2. What is the role of the direct scenarios?
a) Change management
b) The cost of carrying out a direct scenario is measured in terms of resource utilization
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of mentioned are the role of direct scenario.

3. What are results of SAAM?
a) There are only technical results of SAAM
b) Technically, a direct output of a SAAM analysis is useful,but also useful is the increased understanding of the architecture that may lead to deeper insights that were previously available
c) Socially, a SAAM analysis acts as a catalyzing activity on an organization
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true results of SAAM.

4. Architectural evaluation has what kind of relationship with traditional design notions?
a) Coupling
b) Cohesion
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Architectural evaluation has all of the mentioned relationship with traditional design notions.

5. What observations does SAAM and Traditional architectural Metrics follow?
a) Good architecture exhibits high coupling
b) Good architecture exhibits low cohesion
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Good architecture exhibits low coupling and Good architecture exhibits high cohesion.

6. Which of the following is correct?
a) High coupling means that a single scenario doesn’t affect large number of components
b) Low Cohesion means that components are not host to scenario interactions
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Low coupling means that a single scenario doesn’t affect large number of components and high cohesion means that components are not host to scenario interactions.

7. What are the role of direct scenario?
a) Direct scenario serve as the first order culling mechanism between competing architectures
b) Direct scenario’s turn out to be a good mechanism for eliciting and understanding the dynamics of an architecture
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are roles of direct scenario.

8. Which of the following is correct?
a) SAAM act as communication vehicle
b) The communication vehicle enables managers to understand how their business goals are translated into reality
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are correct.

9. What of the following is considered while evaluating scenarios?
a) When is architecture generated to sufficient number of scenarios to adequately test the architecture
b) When should one stop generating new scenarios
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the following is considered while evaluating scenarios.

10. Which of the following estimations are done for evaluation process?
a) Performance
b) Reliability
c) Availability
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned estimations are done for evaluation process.

Software Architecture Interview Questions and Answers for freshers on “CelsiusTech : A Case Study in product line development”.

1. CelsiusTech is one of the leading suppliers of command and control systems which of following?
a) Sweden
b) France
c) Portugal
d) Spain

Answer: a
Clarification: CelsiusTech is one of the leading suppliers of Sweden for command and control systems.

2. CelsiusTech is composed of which of the following companies?
a) CelsiusTech System
b) CelsiusTech Electronics
c) CelsiusTech IT
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are included for CelsiusTech.

3. Which of the following are the area of expertise for CelsiusTech?
a) Command and Control
b) Communication
c) Fire control systems
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the area of expertise for CelsiusTech.

4. Which of the following is applied for CelsiusTech results?
a) Shrinking Schedules
b) Code Reuse
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are applied for CelsiusTech.

5. Which of the following is true for Organizational structure?
a) Requirements and interfaces allocated and described in documents with limited communication
b) Functional area managers with little understanding of the other segments of the system
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for organizational structure.

6. Which of the following SS2000 organization is applicable for the period 1986 to 1991?
a) Development of test strategies, plans and tests
b) Coordination of all test runs
c) Component project that develop, integrate and manage product line components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The following mentioned are applicable for SS2000 organization for the period 1986 to 1991.

7. Which of the following applies architectural approach?
a) The modular structure
b) Maintaining Large pre integrated chunks
c) Maintaining the component base as new systems are produced
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the approaches for architecture of CelsiusTech.

8. Which of the following are part of Operator’s Console ?
a) ASC
b) Common Applications
c) LAN
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Part of Operator’s Console are ASC, ECM etc.

9. Which of the following are linked with Fundamentals?
a) Tactical Information
b) Database
c) Diagnostics
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are linked with fundamentals.

10. Which of the following are linked with Base System?
a) ECM
b) LAN
c) ASC
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: LAN is linked with Base system.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Software Engineering Design Method”.

1. Which of these truly defines Software design?
a) Software design is an activity subjected to constraints
b) Software Design specifies nature and composition of software product
c) Software Design satisfies client needs and desires
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Software design explains all of the statements as its definition.

2. Which of the following statement is false?
a) A process is a collection of related tasks that transforms a set of inputs to the set of output
b) A design notation is a symbolic representational system
c) A design heuristic is a rule proceeding guidance, with guarantee for achieving some end
d) Software design method is orderly procedure for providing software design solutions

Answer: b
Clarification: A heuristic is a rule followed but there is no guarantee that we get output.

3. Which of these describes stepwise refinement?
a) Nicklaus Wirth described the first software engineering method as stepwise refinement
b) Stepwise refinement follows its existence from 1971
c) It is a top down approach
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: It is top down approach and not bottom up.

4. What is incorrect about structural design?
a) Structural design introduced notations and heuristics
b) Structural design emphasis on procedural decomposition
c) The advantage is data flow representation
d) It follows Structure chart

Answer: c
Clarification: The biggest drawback or problem is a data flow diagram of structure design.

5. What is the solution for Structural design?
a) The specification model following data flow diagram
b) Procedures represented as bubbles
c) Specification model is structure chart showing procedure calling hierarchy and flow of data in and out of procedures
d) Emphasizing procedural decomposition

Answer: c
Clarification: It is solution to central problem. Rest others are problems.

6. Which of these are followed by the latest versions of structural design?
a) More detailed and flexible processes
b) Regular Notations
c) Wide support by CASE(Computer Aided Software Engineering)
d) Wide support by CASE, More detailed and flexible processes

Answer: d
Clarification: Notations used are more specialized and sophisticated one.

7. Which of the following is an incorrect method for structural design?
a) Transition of problem models to solution models
b) Handling of larger and more complex products
c) Designing Object oriented systems
d) More procedural approach

Answer: b
Clarification: It does not account for larger and complex products.

8. What is followed by the design task?
a) Choosing specific classes, operations
b) Checking model’s completeness
c) Following design task heuristics
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of these tasks are followed by a design task.

9. Which of this analysis are not acceptable?
a) Object oriented design is a far better approach compared to structural design
b) Object oriented design always dominates structural design
c) Object oriented design are given more preference than structural design
d) Object oriented uses more specific notations

Answer: b
Clarification: Though object oriented design is considered a far better approach but it never dominates structural approach.

10. Which of these does not represent object oriented design?
a) It follows regular procedural decomposition in favor of class and object decomposition
b) Programs are thought of collection of objects
c) Central model represents class diagrams that show the classes comprising a program and their relationships to one another
d) Object-oriented methods incorporates Structural methods

Answer: a
Clarification: It does not follow regular procedural decomposition.