Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Design Questions and Answers for Campus interviews on “Needs Elicitation Documentation and Analysis”.

1. Which of the following statement is true?
a) The stakeholder’s needs are part of design problem
b) The stakeholder’s needs are part of design solution
c) Stakeholder’s needs are not a part of design solution
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Stakeholder needs are part of design problem.

2. Which of these is not a problem of stakeholder’s needs elicitation?
a) Stakeholder’s are readily available to designers
b) Unfocused questions usually produce a jumble of responses about different product aspects at different level of abstraction
c) Stakeholder’s are unable to explain how they work, what they want from product
d) Stakeholder’s misunderstands the limits and capabilities of technology

Answer: a
Clarification: Stakeholder’s are not readily available.

3. Which among these is not a heuristic for stakeholder’s needs elicitation?
a) Determine stakeholder goal as the context of stakeholder needs and desires
b) Study user tasks
c) Learn about problem domain at the later stages
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Learn Problem domain at first stage.

4. Elicitation techniques include ____________
a) Interviews
b) Observation
c) Focus Groups
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the choices are techniques for elicitation.

5. Which of the following statement is true?
a) A prototype is a working model of part or final product
b) A focus group is a facilitated and directed decision aimed at describing product design problem or establishing stakeholder’s needs and desires
c) An elicitation workshop is an informal discussion among few people leb by facilitator who keeps groupon topic
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A focus group is an informal discussion among people whereas an workshop is facilitated directed discussion.

6. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
a) Data about the problem domain can further categorized to form organization chart and Data about stakeholder’s organization can be made into problem domain glossary
b) Data about the problem domain can further categorized to form problem domain glossary and Data about stakeholder’s organization can be made into organizational chart
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Choice b is true and choice a is false.

7. Which of these statements justify needs documentation and analysis?
a) Stakeholders-goals list is a catalog of important stakeholder categories and their goals
b) A need list documents a single product feature, function, or property needed or desired by one or more stakeholders
c) A need statement catalogs need statements
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A need list catalogs need statements whereas need statement documents product features.

8. Main item checked for errors while eliciting needs?
a) Correctness
b) Terminological Consistency
c) Scope
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of these are considered while error checking for elicitation.

9. Which of the following statement is false?
a) Terminological consistency is simply using words with same meaning and always using the same words to refer to particular thing
b) A stakeholder goal or need is within the project scope
c) A statement is correct if it is contingent and accords with the facts
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the choices are true.

10. Which of these are not purchaser (stakeholder) goals?
a) Pay the least for a product that meets irrigation needs
b) Purchase a product that is cheap to operate
c) Purchase a product that is cheap to maintain
d) Have a product that is easy and fast to install

Answer: d
Clarification: Having a product that is easy and fast to install is role of installer and not purchaser.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Generating and Improving Software Architectures”.

1. Which of these are the various techniques to generate design alternatives?
a) Determine Functional Component
b) Determine Component based quality attribute
c) Modify an existing architecture
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned options are the various techniques to generate design alternatives.

2. Which of the following truly describes the approach determining functional component?
a) This approach is based on studying the SRS and brainstorming candidate architectural constituents responsible for coherent collections of functional and data requirements
b) This approach begins by forming constituent and constituent relationship to satisfy non functional requirements
c) This approach is used for similar program if architecture is available, it can be used as starting point
d) This approach describes the problem

Answer: a
Clarification: Determining functional component-This approach is based on studying the SRS and brainstorming candidate architectural constituents responsible for coherent collections of functional and data requirements.

3. Functional components for a working models can be stated as which of the following?
a) Configuring Process Start up
b) Providing User interface
c) Allowing user to monitor and repair the system
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Functional components for a working model can be stated as all of the mentioned options.

4. The Nonfunctional components consist of ____________
a) Re usability
b) Adaptability
c) Reliability
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Non functional components consists of all of the above steps.

5. Which of the following statement is true?
a) Device interface module is a software simulation of, or interface to, a real hardware device or system
b) A virtual device is a way to design a program with complex interfaces to device or other systems
c) The program units in the device interface module hides all details of interaction with hardware devices
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Device interface module is a way to design a program with complex interfaces to device or other systems and A virtual device is a software simulation of, or interface to, a real hardware device or system.

6. Which of these are followed for an ideal device?
a) Do exactly one job completely
b) Be loosely coupled to the rest of the program
c) Never change interface
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: For an ideal device Never change its interface.

7. Which among these best represents Coupling for an ideal device?
a) Do exactly one job completely
b) Be loosely coupled to the rest of the program
c) Hide its Implementation
d) Never change its interface

Answer: b
Clarification: Be loosely coupled to the rest of the program represents Coupling for an ideal device.

8. Which among these best represents simplicity for an ideal device?
a) Do exactly one job completely
b) Be loosely coupled to the rest of the program
c) Have a simple and consistent interface meeting the needs of the rest of the program
d) Never change its interface

Answer: c
Clarification: Have a simple and consistent interface meeting the needs of the rest of the program represents simplicity for an ideal device.

9. Which among these are the methods to improve software architecture?
a) Combine Alternatives
b) Impose an architectural style
c) Apply a mid-level design pattern
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Methods to improve software architecture includes all of the mentioned.

10. Which among these signifies Applying mid-level design pattern?
a) The best features of two or more design alternatives can be combined into an improved design
b) The approximate particular style may be improved by modifying them to fit the style exactly
c) The architectural styles applied at low level of abstraction
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Applying mid-level design pattern signifies the architectural styles applied at low level of abstraction.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Layered Architectures”.

1. Which of the following is incorrect?
a) A Layered-style program is divided into an array of modules or layers
b) Each layer provides services to the layer “below” and makes use of services provided by the layer “above”
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Each layer provides services to the layer “above” and makes use of services provided by the layer “below”.

2. Which of the following is correct?
a) The dynamic structure of the Layered style is to partition software units into modular layers
b) The static structure of the Layered style is nothing more than a constraint on interactions between layers
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The static structure of the Layered style is to partition software units into modular layers whereas The dynamic structure of the Layered style is nothing more than a constraint on interactions between layers.

3. What is Relaxed Layered Style?
a) Each layer can be constrained to use only the layer directly below it
b) Sometimes this constraint is relaxed slightly to allow each layer to use all the layers below it
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Each layer can be constrained to use only the layer directly below it—this is a Strict Layered style whereas Sometimes this constraint is relaxed slightly to allow each layer to use all the layers below it—this is a Relaxed Layered style.

4. Which of the following is correct?
a) Module A uses Module B if a correct version of B must be present for A to execute correctly
b) Module A calls (or invokes ) module B if B triggers execution of A
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Module A uses Module B if a correct version of B must be present for A to execute correctly and Module A calls (or invokes ) module B if A triggers execution of B.

5. Which of the following is true with respect to layered architecture?
a) Each layer is allowed to depend on the layer above it being present and correct
b) A layer may call other layers above and below it, as long as it uses them
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Each layer is allowed to depend on the layer below it being present and correct. A layer may call other layers above and below it, as long as it does not use them.

6. What is Onion diagram illustrates?
a) It illustrates the connection between the layers in communications protocols, such as the International Standards Organization Open Systems Interconnection (ISO OSI) model,or the layers in user interface and windowing systems, such as the X Window System
b) It often illustrates operating system layers, with the kernel at the core
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Onion diagram illustrates operating system layers, with the kernel at the core.

7. In particular, layers have which of the following characteristics?
a) Layers are by definition highly cohesive, thus satisfying the Principle of Cohesion
b) Layers doesn’t support information hiding
c) Layers are constrained to use only above layers
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Layers are by definition highly cohesive, thus satisfying the Principle of Cohesion. Layers support information hiding Layers are constrained to use only lower layers.

8. Which of the following is incorrect?
a) Layered architectures are highly changeable, so this pattern can be used when changeability is an important quality attribute
b) Layered-style programs are easy to modify because changes can be made to a layer independently of the rest of the program
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are correct.

9. What are the drawbacks for Layers?
a) It is often necessary to pass data through many layers, which can slow performance significantly
b) Layers support information hiding
c) Multi-layered programs can be hard to debug because operations tend to be implemented through a series of calls across layers
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Layers support information hiding is an advantage and not a drawback.

10. Which of the following is correct?
a) Layers are not strongly coupled to the layers above them
b) Each layer is strongly coupled only to the layer immediately below it
c) Overall Layered-style architectures are loosely coupled
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Layers are not strongly coupled to the layers above them. If a program uses theStrict Layered style, then each layer is strongly coupled only to the layer immediately below it. As a result, overall Layered-style architectures are loosely coupled.

Software Architecture Question Bank on “Architectural Styles II”.

1. What is layered styles?
a) The components are designed to layers to control inter component interaction
b) The components are designed to layers to control the data flow into specific direction
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned statements are true for the layered styles.

2. Which of the following styles main goal is to achieve modifiability?
a) Independent component architecture
b) Layered Styles
c) Heterogeneous styles
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Independent component architecture main goal is to achieve modifiability.

3. Which of the following style main goal is to achieve portability, modifiability with the ease of parameterization?
a) Independent component architecture
b) Layered Styles
c) Heterogeneous styles
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Layered Styles main goal is to achieve portability, modifiability with the ease of parameterization.

4. What is layered bridging?
a) The functions in one layer may talk to the functions to its immediate neighbors than all other layers
b) The functions in one layer may talk to the functions in layers other than its immediate neighbors
c) The functions in one layer may or may not talk to the functions in layers other than its immediate neighbors
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: The functions in one layer may talk to the functions in layers other than its immediate neighbors.

5. Which of the following architecture consists of independent processes or objects that communicate through messages?
a) Independent Component architecture
b) Heterogeneous Architectures
c) Layered Architecture
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Independent Component architecture-consists of independent processes or objects that communicate through messages.

6. For which of the architecture Locality,Hierarchical and Simultaneous style are the sub style?
a) Independent Component architecture
b) Heterogeneous Architectures
c) Layered Architecture
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: For Heterogeneous architecture Locality,Hierarchical and Simultaneous style are the sub style.

7. Which of the heterogeneous style means that drawing of its running structures will reveal patterns of different styles in different areas?
a) Locality
b) Hierarchical
c) Simultaneous
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Locality heterogeneous style means that drawing of its running structures will reveal patterns of different styles in different areas.

8. For which of the architecture Event style is the sub style?
a) Independent Component architecture
b) Heterogeneous Architectures
c) Layered Architecture
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: For Independent Component architecture, Event style is the sub style.

9. Which of the heterogeneous style means that any of several styles may well be apt description of the system?
a) Locality
b) Hierarchical
c) Simultaneous
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Simultaneous heterogeneous style means that any of several styles may well description of the system.

10. Which of the heterogeneous style means that component of one style,when decomposed is structural according to the rules of different style?
a) Locality
b) Hierarchical
c) Simultaneous
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Hierarchical heterogeneous style means that component of one style,when decomposed is structural according to the rules of different style.

11. What does existence of styles means?
a) Cognitive aids
b) Communication Cues
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Existence of styles means Cognitive aids and Communication Cues.

12. Which of the following does architecture consists of?
a) Architecture consists of some structures that do not necessarily resemble each other
b) Architecture consists of many structures that do necessarily resemble each other
c) Architecture consists of many structures that do not necessarily resemble each other
d) Architecture consists of some structures that do necessarily resemble each other

Answer: c
Clarification: Architecture consists of many structures that do not necessarily resemble each other.

13. What are the disadvantages of pipe & filters?
a) Interactive applications are difficult to create
b) Performance is poor due several reasons
c) No way for a filter to cooperatively interact to solve a problem
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are disadvantages of pipes and filter.

14. What are Virtual Machine Styles?
a) They are software styles that stimulates some functionality that is not native to the hardware or software on which it is implemented
b) They are software styles that stimulates some functionality that is native to the hardware or software on which it is implemented
c) They emphasize on incremental transformation of data by successive components
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: They are software styles that stimulates some functionality that is not native to the hardware or software on which it is implemented.

15. In which of the architecture style main program and subroutine systems are decomposed into parts that live on computers connected via a network?
a) Main program and subroutine Architecture
b) Remote Procedure Call system
c) Object Oriented or abstract data type system
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: In Remote Procedure Call System-the architecture style main program and subroutine systems are decomposed into parts that live on computers connected via a network.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Creating a Skeletal System”.

1. What do Creating of skeletal system mean?
a) Defining of software architecture
b) Using architecture in the first implementation task
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Creating of skeletal system mean-Using architecture in the first implementation task.

2. What is the main aspect for creating an skeletal system?
a) The idea is to implement the major behavioral aspect of the architecture
b) Each of the architecture is implemented to the extent that it demonstrates the behavior of that subsystem
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the main aspects for creation of skeletal system.

3. What does classical software engineering practice recommends?
a) Stubbing out sections of code so that portions of the system can be tested independently
b) The Approach gives guidance about stubbed out parts
c) Integration of system as whole
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Classical software engineering practice recommends stubbing out sections of code so that portions of the system can be tested independently.

4. Which of the following are the benefits of creating a skeletal system?
a) It creates a system of limited functionality
b) It creates system of low fidelity
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The benefits of creating a skeletal system are it creates a system of limited functionality and low fidelity.

5. Which of the following are the difference between skeletal system and final version?
a) All software slots are filled in with real codes at later
b) In skeletal system initial empty slots are filled with stubbed implementation
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the main differences between skeletal system and final version.

6. Which of the following are true for the stubs in skeletal system?
a) The stubs adhere to the same interfaces that the final version of the system requires
b) The stubs stimulate the interactions in three ways
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The stubs stimulate the interactions in two ways.

7. In which of the following ways does a stub stimulate the interactions?
a) The stubs can either produce hard coded canned output or can read the output from a file
b) The stubs can also generate a synthetic load on the system to approximate the amount of time the actual processing will take in the completed working version
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: A stub can stimulate the interactions in all of the mentioned ways.

8. Which of the following is correct for the skeletal system?
a) Every component is a part of working prototype but the functionality has low fidelity
b) An alternative version of these scheme can be used when a particular aspect of the system is expected to be problematic
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are correct for the skeletal system.

9. Why is having a skeletal system for entire system important?
a) The early creation of a working skeletal version of system and the ability to iteratively refine that version into successively more comprehensive
b) It allows early concentration on those aspects of the system expected to be most troublesome to implement
c) It lowers integration time and cost
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Having a skeletal system for entire system important because of all the mentioned reasons.

10. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to skeletal system?
a) More integration planning and development work occur earlier in the product’s life cycle
b) The testing and review can be done incrementally as each sub system come on line
c) It increases integration time and cost
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: It lowers integration time and cost.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Generating Alternative Requirements”.

1. What is necessary for the generation of candidate requirements?
a) Understand stakeholder needs
b) Generative alternative solutions
c) Studying existing products
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: For generating candidate requirements all of these stages must be followed.

2. Which of these is not an external sources for design ideas?
a) Users and other stakeholders
b) Experts
c) Team brainstorming
d) Competitive products

Answer: c
Clarification: It is method for generating ideas through team and it is not an external source.

3. Which of these are methods for team generation for design ideas?
a) Team brainstorming
b) Individual brainstorming
c) Modelling
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All are the valid methods to follow design ideas generation.

4. Generation step for product design resolution consists of?
a) Making up new candidate requirements
b) Refining existing requirements
c) None of the mentioned
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All choices follows product design resolution.

5. Which is false with the context of stating requirements?
a) The advantage is that the language is precise
b) The disadvantage is language is not easily understandable
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The advantage is that language is easily understandable and disadvantage is that language is not precise.

6. Which of the following statement is true?
a) Formal notations are more precise and concise than natural language and not defined by mathematical rigor and precision
b) Semi-Formal notations are defined with mathematical rigor and precision
c) None of the mentioned
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Formal notations are mathematically rigor and precise whereas semi formal are not.

7. Rules for stating good technical writing include?
a) Write complete, simple sentences in active voice
b) Define terms clearly and use them consistently
c) Express all requirements using the words “must” or “shall”
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of these are rules for good technical writing.

8. Which of the following statement is correct?
a) A specification is verifiable if there is a definitive procedure to determine whether it is met
b) A specification is testable if there is no such definative procedure
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A testable and verifiable specification are same.

9. When is a requirement atomic?
a) If it does not state product function and also does not have a unique identifier
b) If it doesn’t not state product function but has a unique identifier
c) It does have state product function but no unique identifier
d) if has state product function and also has a unique identifier

Answer: d
Clarification: A requirement is atomic if it has both of the qualities.

10. Which of the following statement is false?
a) Atomizing requirements lays the foundation for requirements trace ability
b) Each labeled statement should express a single requirement
c) Atomic requirements statements are expressed in complex sentences rather than simple sentences
d) Non-natural-language specifications, such as equations, tables, trees and diagrams should be unchanged but included

Answer: c
Clarification: Atomic requirements statements are expressed in simple sentences rather than complex sentences.