Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Architecture and Quality Attribute”.

1. The quality attributes can be calculated under which of the following measures?
a) Observable
b) Non observable
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The quality attributes can be calculated under-observable and non observable.

2. Which of the following can be included under observable measure?
a) How well the system during execution satisfy its behavioral requirements?
b) How easy it is to integrate?
c) How easy it is to test and modify?
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Rest others are non observable measures.

3. Which of the following can be included under Non observable measure?
a) How well the system during execution satisfy its behavioral requirements?
b) Does the system functions as desired when connected to other systems?
c) How easy it is to test and modify?
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Rest others are observable measures.

4. Which of the following is a correct statement?
a) A highly modifiable system produces correct results
b) A highly modifiable system does not produces correct results
c) A highly modifiable system may or may not produces correct results
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: A highly modifiable system may or may not produces correct results.

5. Which of the following is considered incorrect with respect to the quality?
a) Architecture is critical to the realization of many of the qualities of interest in a system
b) All qualities are architecturally sensitive
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Some of the qualities are not architecturally sensitive.

6. What can stated about Modifiability?
a) Modifiability can not be considered largely architectural
b) Modifiability can never be determined by how functionality is divided
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Modifiability is always considered largely architectural, Modifiability can be determined by how functionality is divided.

7. What can be stated with regards to performance?
a) Performance is an example of architectural and non architectural dependencies
b) Performance depends partially on how much communication is necessary between the components
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned is true with respect to the performance.

8. What effect does achievement of quality attribute will have?
a) The achievement of quality attribute will always have a positive effect
b) The achievement of quality attribute will always have a negative effect
c) The achievement of quality attribute will have a positive as well as negative effect
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The achievement of quality attribute will have a positive as well as negative effect.

9. What is the main technique for achieving portable software?
a) The main technique for achieving portable software is to isolate system dependency
b) The main technique for achieving portable software is to increase the overall performance
c) The main technique for achieving portable software is to have independent platform dependency
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The main technique for achieving portable software is to isolate system dependency.

10. By what methods quality attributes can be judged?
a) Qualities that can be discerned by observing the system execute
b) Qualities directly attributable to the system
c) Qualities about the architecture itself that are important
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the methods for judging quality attributes.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Review Techniques”.

1. Which are the different types of review techniques used?
a) Scenario based
b) Checklist based
c) Metrics
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are different types of review techniques used.

2. What are the different types of evaluation in which simulations and prototypes are addressed?
a) Generality
b) Level of Detail
c) Phase
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are different types of evaluation in which simulations and prototypes are addressed.

3. Which of the technique is known for its specific interaction between stakeholder and system?
a) Scenario based
b) Checklist based
c) Metrics
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Scenario based techniques are well known for its specific interaction between stakeholder and system.

4. What is a Questionnaire?
a) It is a list of general and relatively open questions that apply to all architectures
b) It is a detailed set of questions that is developed after much experience evaluating a common set of system
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A Questionnaire is a list of general and relatively open questions that apply to all architectures.

5. What is Checklist?
a) It is a list of general and relatively open questions that apply to all architectures
b) It is a detailed set of questions that is developed after much experience evaluating a common set of system
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Checklist is a detailed set of questions that is developed after much experience evaluating a common set of system.

6. Which of the following is correct?
a) Checklist tend to be much less focused on particular qualities of the system
b) Checklist tend to be much more focused on particular qualities of the system
c) Checklist tend to be much lenient on particular qualities of the system
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Checklist tend to be much more focused on particular qualities of the system.

7. Which kind of generality techniques are used for simulation?
a) General Purpose
b) Domain Specific
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Two entries are possible for Generality-General Purpose and Domain Specific.

8. Which of the following kind of entries are included for Level of Detail?
a) Three
b) Two
c) Four
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: There are three kinds of entries included-Course, Medium and fine.

9. Which of the Entries are possible for Phase?
a) Coarse, Medium and Fine
b) Early, Middle and Post deployment
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: The Entries possible for phase are Early, Middle and Post deployment.

10. Which of the following questions that could be answered during a review?
a) The Question has to do with architecture as an artifact or product?
b) The Question Looks for the process of creating and using the architecture for development
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the questions that are to be answered during a review.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Open Systems”.

1. What is Open System?
a) To describe a state of being
b) To describe a system that is open to inclusion of many products from many resources
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Open Systems describes a system that is open to inclusion of many products from many resources and its state of being.

2. Open system has interface specification consists which of the following ?
a) Fully defined
b) Available to public
c) Maintained according to group consensus
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are included in interface specifications.

3. Which of the following is incorrect?
a) The components interface specifications can be available to selected group of people
b) Anyone is free to obtain a copy of specification
c) It should not be exclusively under control of single vendor
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The components interface specifications can not be available to selected group of people.

4. The benefits of open systems includes which of the following?
a) Reduced reliance on proprietary products
b) More competition leading to lower cost
c) Better tested products
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are benefits of open systems.

5. Which of the following are concerns involving open systems?
a) Reduced reliance on proprietary products
b) Failure to meet performance requirements
c) Support problems
d) Failure to meet performance requirements & Support problems

Answer: d
Clarification: The concerns involved are mentioned above.

6. Which of the following is necessary for building an open systems?
a) A system vision
b) A common architecture
c) The use of standards and standard based implementation
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are necessary for building an open systems.

7. What are the factors to create an open system architecture?
a) An organization must be keenly aware Of the marketplace
b) The trends in the marketplace
c) The mechanisms that the organization can use to influence trends
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned factors are used to create system architecture.

8. Which of the following concern is related to conformance and certification problems?
a) Plug and play implies sort of adherence to interface agreement
b) It is often necessary to keep up with component upgrades
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: For conformance and certification problems-Plug and play implies sort of adherence to interface agreement.

9. Which of the following concern is related to Continued investment?
a) Plug and play implies sort of adherence to interface agreement
b) It is often necessary to keep up with component upgrades
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: For continued investment- It is often necessary to keep up with component upgrades.

10. Which of the following signifies better tested products?
a) Open systems allows system buyers to obtain components from variety of sources
b) True plug and play mechanism results to reduced costs
c) More users working to find the problems
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Better tested products are resulted when there are more users working to find the problems.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Software Design Management”.

1. Why there is a need for Software management?
a) Software development is complex and expensive
b) It is done with few people with fixed skills and abilities
c) It is not time consuming
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Software development is carried on with group of people with varying skills.

2. Which of these is wrong in terms of definition?
a) Planing is formulating scheme for doing project
b) Organizing is directing people doing project work
c) Project is one time effort to achieve a particular goal for organization
d) Staffing is filing the positions in an organizational structure

Answer: b
Clarification: Leading is directing people organizing is structuring entities and assigning responsibilities.

3. Which of these is not project development activity?
a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Operating
d) Tracking

Answer: c
Clarification: Operating is a business activity in contrast to rest of them.

4. Which of these comes under business activities?
a) Project
b) Operations
c) Planning
d) Project & Operations

Answer: d
Clarification: planning is development activity and not business activity.

5. Which of these terms have its role in project planning?
a) Schedule
b) Milestone
c) Estimation
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of these have its role for planning.

6. What fails a project?
a) Lack of anticipation of resources to accomplish tasks
b) Problems faced by rules governing project
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Both the issues fails the project

7. What makes tracking activity more essential?
a) No need to follow rules
b) It schedules, estimates and follows resource allocation
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: It revisits and follows rules.

8. What are decompositions for design project?
a) Analysis : Design Problem
b) Resolution : Product specifications
c) Resolution : Detailed design
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A Design project is decomposed to all of these.

9. Risk Analysis is an orderly process for __________
a) Identification of Risks
b) Understanding Risks
c) Assessing Risks
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Risk analysis follows all of these.

10. Why is Design a Driving Activity?
a) Design work extends from start of development to coding
b) The two major products of designs are SRS and design document
c) Design extends to project management
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Design is said to be the driving factor, because of all of these reasons.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Modularity Principles”.

1. Which of the following fall under constructive design principles?
a) Modularity principles
b) Implementary principles
c) Aesthetic principles
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned principles are known as constructive design principles.

2. What is the Aesthetic principle among the following?
a) High quality programs can be constructed from self contained, understandable parts or modules
b) A design will be more or less easy to be build
c) Beauty is one of the important factor to be acknowledged as design principle
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Aesthetic principle states Beauty as one of the most important factor to be acknowledged.

3. Which of these distinctions of modular programs over non modular are true?
a) They are not that easier to understand and explain
b) They are not easier to document
c) They are easier to change
d) Testing and Debugging is complex comparatively

Answer: c
Clarification: Modular programs are easier to explain and understand, easier to document, easier to change and also easier to test and debug.

4. Which of these comes under the Modularity principle?
a) Small modules
b) Coupling
c) Cohesion
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned follows the modularity principle.

5. What does Coupling mean?
a) Coupling is the degree of connection between pair of module
b) Coupling is the degree to which a module’s part are related to one another
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Coupling is the degree of connection between pair of module.

6. Which of the following is true?
a) Module coupling should be maximized
b) Module cohesion should be minimized
c) Modules should not have access to unneeded resources
d) Design with small modules are not better

Answer: c
Clarification: Module coupling should be minimized, module cohesion should be maximized, design with small modules are always better, modules should not access unneeded resources( principle of least privilege).

7. Which of the following information should be kept hidden?
a) Internal data representation such as data types and structures
b) Volatile design decisions such as size, capacities, waiting time etc
c) Names, parameters, return types of operations provided by module
d) Internal data representation and volatile design decisions should be kept hidden

Answer: d
Clarification: Names, parameters, return type are public information need not be hidden whereas internal data representation and volatile design decisions should be kept hidden.

8. Which of the following violates principle of least privilege?
a) Modules that import packages
b) Modules with unneeded access to files
c) Classes with reference to Objects
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned statements violated principle of least privilege.

9. Which of these is correct with context to coupling?
a) Failure to hide information leads to loose coupling and cannot be avoided
b) Modules that communicate using special data types and structures are less tightly coupled than modules with simple values
c) When modules communicate only through public module interface, their coupling strength is proportional to the number of messages and number of data passed in between
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Failure to hide information leads to tight coupling, Modules with special data types are more tightly coupled.

10. Which of these is correct with the context of cohesion?
a) Cohesion is least in modules that have a single clear, logically independent responsibility or role
b) Cohesion can not be achieved by forming modules that implement data types
c) One way to increase cohesion is to build a module hierarchy reflecting the level of abstraction in a program
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Cohesion is highest in modules that have a single clear, logically independent responsibility or role, Cohesion can be easily achieved by forming modules that implement data types are the correct statements.

Software Design test on “Visibility, Accessibility and Information Hiding”.

1. Which of the following represents DeSCRIPTOR specification?
a) Program component decomposition and component relationships are shown in static models, such as class diagrams
b) Packaging and implementation specifications, particularly as they relate to information hiding
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Program component decomposition (De) and component relationships(R) are shown in static models, such as class diagrams.

2. Which of the following represents PAID specification?
a) Component properties are documented in text
b) Operation specifications, which elaborate operation responsibilities and state operation interfaces
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Operation specifications, which elaborate operation responsibilities (R)and state operation interfaces (I).

3. What is a program entity?
a) A program entity is anything in a program that is treated as a unit
b) Variables, constants, sub-programs, packages, classes, attributes and operations are all examples of program entities
c) Most programming languages allow various kinds of program entities
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A program entity is anything in a program that is treated as a unit. Variables, constants, sub-programs, packages, classes, attributes, and operations are all examples of program entities and Most programming languages allow various kinds of program entities.

4. What is a name and which of the following is true?
a) A name is an identifier bound to a program entity
b) Virtually every programming language will not supports variable and sub-programming
c) It is not be possible to refer to a particular entity by name at various points of a program’s text
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: It may or may not be possible to refer to a particular entity by name at various points of a program’s text.

5. What is visibility?
a) A program entity at a point in a program text if it can be referred to by name at that point
b) The portion of a text over which a program entity is visible
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: A program entity is visible at a point in a program text if it can be referred to by name at that point and The portion of a text over which a program entity is visible is its visibility.

6. What are the types of visibility?
a) Local
b) Global
c) Non-Local
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Types of visibility- Local, Global, Non-Local.

7. What are the Object oriented visibility?
a) Private and Package
b) Protected
c) Public
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Types of object oriented visibility- Private, Packaged, Protected and Public.

8. Which of the following are of non-local form ?
a) Private
b) Protected and Packaged
c) Public
d) Public, Protected and Packaged

Answer: d
Clarification: Private is of local form rest others are non-local forms.

9. When is a program accessible?
a) A program entity at a point in a program text if it can be used at that point
b) A variable is a programming language device for storing values
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: A program entity is accessible at a point in a program text if it can be used at that point.

10. What is reference?
a) It is an expression that evaluates to an address where a value is stored
b) It is a variable with the same address as another variable
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A reference is an expression that evaluates to an address where a value is stored and An alias is a variable with the same address as another variable.

11. When is a variable called extending access beyond visibility?
a) Passing a reference as an argument
b) Passing an argument by reference (which uses aliasing)
c) Returning a reference from a sub-program
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Making a variable accessible in a portion of a program where it is not visible is called extending access beyond visibility while Passing a reference as an argument, Passing an argument by reference (which uses aliasing), Returning a reference from a sub-program.

12. What does Information Hiding mean?
a) The key technique for is to restrict access to program entities as much as possible
b) It is an expression that evaluates to an address where a value is stored
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The key technique for hiding information is to restrict access to program entities as much as possible.

13. Which of the following are the strategies for restricting access to program entities?
a) Limiting Visibility
b) Not Extending Access
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Restricting access to program entities relies on two strategies-Limiting Visibility and Not Extending Access.

14. What are the heuristics for information hiding?
a) Restrict the scope of declarations to the smallest possible program segment
b) Make class attributes at least protected and preferably private
c) Avoid global visibility
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned are the heuristics followed for information hiding.

15. What are the heuristics for information hiding under don’t extend access?
a) Don’t pass or return references to class attributes—pass or return defensive copies instead.
b) Don’t pass parameters by reference
c) Don’t make aliases
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned are the heuristics followed for information hiding under don’t extend access.