Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Design Quiz on “Interaction Design Process And Interaction Modelling Heuristics”.

1. Which of the following statement is true?
a) The process of generating, evaluating, and improving designs of components and interactions together as component and interaction co-design
b) An interaction realizing a product function or operation may be specified in a sequence diagram that ignores individuals at several removes from the primary individual in the interaction
c) Designers may need to model product functions and operations at several levels of abstraction in several sequence diagrams
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned statements are true.

2. What is outside in design?
a) Interaction design works mainly from the computational goals mandated in requirements specifications, to the realization as interactions between cooperating program units
b) Many program interactions do not give rise to interesting or complicated program component interactions
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Interaction design works mainly from the computational goals mandated in requirements specifications (the outside of the program), to the realization as interactions between cooperating program units (the inside of the program)known as outside in design.

3. What are the general approaches to solving this problem?
a) Polling
b) Notification
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: There are two general approaches to solving this problem Polling and Notification.

4. What is the controller?
a) It is a program component that makes decisions and directs other components
b) It is a way that decision making is distributed among program components
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A controller is a program component that makes decisions and directs other components.

5. Which among the following are broad control styles?
a) Centralized
b) Delegated
c) Dispersed
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: There are three broad control styles- Centralized, Delegated, Dispersed.

6. Which of these is a Delegated control style?
a) In a program with such a control style, a few controllers make all significant decisions
b) A program with such a control style has decision making is distributed through the program
c) In a program with such a control style, decision making is spread widely throughout the program; it is hard to identify controllers in such programs
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: A program with delegated control style has decision making is distributed through the program.

7. Which of the following statement is true?
a) The delegated style corresponds to micro-management in which supervisors make every decision
b) The centralized style corresponds to the empowered teams model where in supervisors make major strategic decisions but leave it to teams of employees to decide how to implement the larger decisions
c) The dispersed style corresponds to a leaderless organization, such as occurs when a group of individuals get together for an impromptu activity
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The dispersed style corresponds to a leaderless organization, such as occurs when a group of individuals get together for an imprompt activity.

8. Which of the following statements are followed in delegated style?
a) The main advantage of a program with such a control style is that it is easy to and where decisions are being made
b) If the controllers are not too big and complex, it is easy to understand how decisions are made and to alter the decision-making process
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned statements are followed by centralized style and not delegated style.

9. Which of the following are the dangers faced by centralized style?
a) The controller can become too large and complex. If only a few components make all the decisions, and there are many decisions to be made, it stands to reason that the controllers will be large and complex units
b) Controllers may treat other components as data repositories, merely storing and retrieving data in
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the dangers faced by centralized styles.

10. Which of the following are the heuristics to avoid bloated controllers?
a) Avoid interaction designs where most messages originate from a single component
b) Keep Components small
c) Make sure operational responsibilities are not all assigned to just a few components
d) Keep Components small & Make sure operational responsibilities are not all assigned to just a few components

Answer: d
Clarification: The bloated controller heuristics are- Keep Components small and Make sure operational responsibilities are not all assigned to just a few components.

11. What are the advantages of delegated control?
a) Controllers are coupled to fewer components, and overall program coupling is decreased
b) Information is hidden better
c) It is too hard to understand the low of control
d) Information is hidden better, Controllers are coupled to fewer components, and overall program coupling is decreased

Answer: d
Clarification: The advantages for control design are – Controllers are coupled to fewer components, and overall program coupling is decreased and Information is hidden better.

12. What are the disadvantages for dispersed control?
a) It is too hard to understand the low of control
b) When components are too finely divided, they tend not to be able to do anything on their own
c) It is difficult to hide information
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the disadvantages for dispersed control.

13. Which among these is the heuristic for dispersed control?
a) Avoid interactions that require each component to send many messages
b) Have components delegate as many low-level tasks as possible
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Have components delegate as many low-level tasks as possible is the heuristic for delegate control.

14. An operation of an object obj should send messages only to which of the following entities?
a) The object obj;
b) The attributes of obj;
c) The arguments of the operation;
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Law of dementor states An operation of an object obj should send messages only to the following entities- The object obj; The attributes of obj; The arguments of the operation.

15. Which of the following is interaction design heuristic?
a) Avoid interaction designs where most messages originate from a single component
b) Keep components small
c) Make sure operational responsibilities are not all assigned to just a few components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the heuristic for the interaction design.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Architectural Business Cycle”.

1. What is Architecture of a software based on?
a) Design
b) Requirements
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Architecture of software depends on requirements.

2. What would happen if different organization were given same set of requirements?
a) It will produce same architecture
b) It will produce different architecture
c) It may or may not produce same architecture
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: It produces different architecture.

3. What factors does a software architecture results in?
a) Technical
b) Business
c) Social
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Software architecture results into all the factors.

4. What does Software architecture means?
a) It is the structure or structure of systems
b) It comprises of software components
c) Relationship among components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Software architecture is a structure or structure of systems, which comprise software components, external visible properties of those components and relationship among them.

5. The architects are influenced by which of the following factors?
a) Customers and end users
b) Developing organization
c) Background and experience of the architects
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned.

6. How do developing organizations influence by architects?
a) Immediate business
b) Long term business
c) Organization structure
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the factors are influenced by developing organizations.

7. Which among the following are true with regards to the architecture business cycle?
a) The architecture can affect the enterprise goals of the developing organizations
b) The architecture affects the structure of developing organizations
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true with regards to the architecture business cycle.

8. Architecture based process includes which of the following?
a) Creating the business case for the system
b) Understanding the requirements
c) Analyzing or valuating the architecture
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are architecture based process.

9. Which of the following does a business case consists of?
a) How much should a product cost?
b) What help does Architecture description language provides?
c) What is domain analysis?
d) Non of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Business case include- How much a product cost? What is target market? What is target time to market?

10. What claim does Analyzing and evaluating architecture follow?
a) ADL’s provide valuable analytical capabilities but tend to concentrate on run-time properties of system
b) Maintainability is the main aspect
c) Maintainability has many facets
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Architecture evaluation follows all the mentioned claim.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions & Answers on “SAAM Applied to Financial Management System”.

1. What are the steps involved in Financial management system?
a) choosing Scenarios And Achieving Deep understanding
b) Scenario Selection Process
c) Observation on the scenario selection process
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are steps involved in Financial management system.

2. Which of the following is the main goal for the choice of scenarios?
a) There be a sufficient number to reflect the views of all the stakeholders
b) They should reflect the important quality requirements
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the main goal for the choice of scenarios.

3. What are the concerns raised for the scenario selection procedure?
a) Does the locality of change necessarily yield higher cost?
b) How would we know if the vendor representatives were being factual?
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Does the locality of change necessarily yield lower cost?

4. The proto scenarios recorded on flip charts as phrases as which of the following?
a) Degraded Operation
b) WWW client access
c) Double number of user
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The proto scenarios recorded on flip charts as phrases are All of the mentioned.

5. Which of the following are scenarios for the financial management system analysis?
a) Bottom Up person
b) Multiple fiscal year budgets
c) Degraded operation mode
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are scenarios for the financial management system analysis.

6. Which of the following is the incorrect sequence Summary Steps for scenario selection process?
a) Participant buy-in and expression of concerns and issues
b) Method presentation
c) Refinement and selection
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Method presentation comes above participant buy-in and expression of concerns and issues.

7. What does + sign indicate in the final report for financial management system?
a) System supports that the scenario directly is a part of its as-delivered capability
b) System would have to be regenerated in order to achieve the desired capability
c) Scenario cannot be performed by the delivered system
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The + sign indicates that System supports that the scenario directly is a part of its as-delivered capability.

8. What does – sign indicate in the final report for financial management system?
a) System supports that the scenario directly is a part of its as-delivered capability
b) System would have to be regenerated in order to achieve the desired capability
c) Scenario cannot be performed by the delivered system
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: – sign indicate that Scenario cannot be performed by the delivered system.

9. What does 0 sign indicate in the final report for financial management system?
a) System supports that the scenario directly is a part of its as-delivered capability
b) System would have to be regenerated in order to achieve the desired capability
c) Scenario cannot be performed by the delivered system
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: 0 sign indicate that System would have to be regenerated in order to achieve the desired capability.

10. Which of the following is correct?
a) Scenarios in which both vendors scored + indicate areas in which both system would have to be modified significantly to achieve desired effort
b) Scenarios in which both vendors scored – are a clear tie both system already provide the indicated capability
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Scenarios in which both vendors scored + are a clear tie both system already provide the indicated capability and scenarios in which both vendors scored – indicate areas in which both system would have to be modified significantly to achieve desired effort.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Component Based Systems”.

1. What are the benefits for component based product lines?
a) Being able to take faster advantage of new product and new technology
b) Higher employee productivity
c) Increase in time to market market
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The benefits are Being able to take faster advantage of new product and new technology, High employee productivity.

2. Which of the following are incorrect needs for component based product lines?
a) More changeable system
b) More extensible system
c) Less reliable components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: High extensible system are needed for component based product lines.

3. Interface assumptions can be into which of following forms?
a) Provides assumption
b) Required assumption
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the two forms of Interface assumptions.

4. Which of the following are types of Interface mismatch?
a) Avoid it
b) Detect those cases you haven’t avoided
c) Repair those cases you have detected by adapting the components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are types of interface mismatch.

5. Which of the following are techniques for repairing interface mismatch?
a) Wrappers
b) Bridges
c) Mediaters
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the techniques for repairing interface mismatch.

6. Which of the following truly describes Wrappers?
a) Encapsulation whereby some components is encased within an alternative abstraction
b) Translation between assumptions of an arbitrary component to some provides assumptions of some other arbitrary components
c) Incorporation of planning function that in effect results in runtime determination of the translation
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Wrappers are Encapsulation whereby some components is encased within an alternative abstraction.

7. Which of the following truly describes Mediators?
a) Encapsulation whereby some components is encased within an alternative abstraction
b) Translation between assumptions of an arbitrary component to some provides assumptions of some other arbitrary components
c) Incorporation of planning function that in effect results in runtime determination of the translation
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Mediators are incorporation of planning function that in effect results in runtime determination of the translation.

8. Which of the following truly describes Bridges?
a) Encapsulation whereby some components is encased within an alternative abstraction
b) Translation between assumptions of an arbitrary component to some provides assumptions of some other arbitrary components
c) Incorporation of planning function that in effect results in run-time determination of the translation
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Bridges are Translation between assumptions of an arbitrary component to some provides assumptions of some other arbitrary components.

9. Which of the following shows properties of the others two interface repairing technique?
a) Wrappers
b) Bridges
c) Mediaters
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Mediator technique shows properties of other two techniques.

10. Which of techniques for avoiding interface mismatch?
a) A disciplined approach to specify as many assumptions about a components interface as is feasible
b) Assumptions stated assertions about sufficiency of the services provided each module
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: One of the technique to avoid interface mismatch is a disciplined approach to specify as many assumptions about a components interface as is feasible.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Conceptual Modelling”.

1. What does conceptual modelling represent?
a) Responsibility
b) Attributes
c) Important relationships between them
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Conceptual modelling represents responsibility or attributes or important relationship between them.

2. What are the sequence of steps for conceptual process?
a) Add Classes
b) Add Attributes
c) Add Association
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Sequence of steps for conceptual process are Adding Classes, Attributes, Associations.

3. Candidate classes should include which of the following?
a) Physical entities, individuals
b) Things managed, tracked, recorded in the real world
c) Associations
d) Physical entities, individuals, Things managed, tracked, recorded in the real world

Answer: d
Clarification: Candidate classes does not have associations.

4. Which of the following statements is false?
a) Add use cases to the list at any point of time
b) Reviews can be done on noun phrases designating characteristics of other entities
c) Use case represent interactions which are result of collaborative activity
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Do not add use cases to the list at any point of time.

5. Which of these should follow a review to the list?
a) Noun or Noun phrases designating characteristics of other entities in the list
b) Noun phrases referring to the activities or behaviors
c) Entities that are same with different names
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned statements are true for following the review.

6. Which of the following guidelines helps with adding attributes?
a) Adjectives and modifiers sometimes give clues about class attributes
b) Attribute names should not be taken from problem domain
c) Attribute should be added for object identification
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Attributes should not be added to object identification.

7. What is the third step in sequence for conceptual class modelling?
a) Adding Class
b) Adding Association
c) Adding Attribute
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Adding association is third step of the process.

8. Which of these important verb phrases should be modeled?
a) Below, under
b) Reports to, Consults
c) Completes, Disposes of
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned verb phrases can be modeled.

9. The associations resulting from modelling verb phrases should be reviewed in which of these ways?
a) Any no of associations can be included
b) Do not combine association lines
c) Do not break any association involving three or more binary associations
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the statements are false, Do not draw more than one association line between classes, Combine association lines, Break any association involving three or more binary associations.

10. Which of the following statement is true?
a) Adding Multiplicities is the last step in conceptual modelling
b) Adding Multiplicities is the easiest step
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Both the mentioned statements are true with respect to the multiplicities.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “UML State Diagrams”.

1. Which of the following statement is true?
a) A transition is a change from one state to another
b) Transitions may be spontaneous, but usually some event triggers them
c) An event is a noteworthy occurrence at a particular time; events have no duration
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned statements are true.

2. Every finite automaton specification must contain which of the following?
a) Descriptions of the automaton’s states in a way that allows them to be distinguished, such as by naming each one;
b) Descriptions of transitions indicating each transition source state, its target state, and the events that trigger it;
c) Designation of an initial state, the starting place for state transitions
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Every finite automaton specification contains – Descriptions of the automaton’s states in a way that allows them to be distinguished, such as by naming each one;Descriptions of transitions indicating each transition source state, its target state, and the events that trigger it; and Designation of an initial state, the starting place for state transitions.

3. What does deterministic and non deterministic automation?
a) A non-deterministic finite automaton is a finite automaton that has no spontaneous transitions and has a single transition that it must make in response to every event in each of its states
b) A deterministic finite automaton is one with multiple transitions
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A deterministic finite automation is a finite automaton that has no spontaneous transitions and has a single transition that it must make in response to every event in each of its states and A non-deterministic finite automaton is one with multiple transitions.

4. Which of the following determines the state diagram?
a) The UML notation for specifying finite automata is the state diagram
b) In state diagrams, states are represented by rounded rectangles
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for the state diagram.

5. Which of the following represents the State Diagram?
a) The finite automaton initial state is designated by a special initial pseudo-state depicted as a large black dot at the tail of an arrow pointing at the initial state
b) A finite automaton may execute forever or it may halt in a final state
c) Transitions are represented by solid arrows labeled with one or more transition strings that describe the circumstances under which the transition is triggered and the actions that may ensue
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for state diagram.

6. Which of the statements state the name compartment?
a) The first compartment is the name compartment
b) It contains the state name; State names are optional and may be path names
c) The name compartment can never be omitted
d) The first compartment is the name compartment, It contains the state name; State names are optional and may be path names

Answer: d
Clarification: State name compartment is the first compartment that contains state name, name compartment may be omitted.

7. Which of the following is true?
a) A state symbol without a nested state compartment represents a complex state
b) One with a nested state compartment represents a simple state
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A state symbol without a nested state compartment represents a simple state and One with a nested state compartment represents a complex state.

8. Which of the following are composite states?
a) A sequential composite state
b) A concurrent composite state
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: There are two kinds of composite states -A sequential composite state and A concurrent composite state.

9. What is sequential and concurrent composite state means?
a) A concurrent composite state contains a single state diagram composed of sub-states or inner states and the transitions between them
b) A sequential composite state contains two or more sequential state diagrams in regions separated by dashed lines called concurrent region boundary lines
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A sequential composite state contains a single state diagram composed of sub-states or inner states and the transitions between them and A concurrent composite state contains two or more sequential state diagrams in regions separated by dashed lines called concurrent region boundary lines.

10. Sequential composite states simplify state models in two ways?
a) They organize states into hierarchies
b) They consolidate many transitions
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the two ways to simplify sequential composite states.