Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Architecture Interview Questions and Answers on “The Meteorological Anchor Desk System- Case Study II”.

1. How is the goal of Short time to initial demonstrable capability for evolutionary development method achieved?
a) Heavy use of off the shelf components
b) Only writing tailoring glue code
c) Use of portable commercial products and emulators
d) Loose coupling through use of CORBA and WWW/HTML

Answer: a
Clarification: The the goal of Short time to initial demonstrable capability is achieved by heavy use of off the shelf components.

2. How is the goal of Interchangeable parts and interoperability for evolutionary development method achieved?
a) Heavy use of off the shelf components
b) Only writing tailoring glue code
c) Use of portable commercial products and emulators
d) Loose coupling through use of CORBA and WWW/HTML

Answer: d
Clarification: The goal of Interchangeable parts and interoperability is achieved by loose coupling through use of CORBA and WWW/HTML.

3. Which of the following are the basic principles of Evolutionary Development?
a) Requirements and System Evolution through Scenarios
b) Continuous End-User Involvement with continuous re-calibration
c) Architecture based on assembly and integration
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the basic principles of evolutionary development.

4. How many basic principle does evolutionary development consists of?
a) 4
b) 3
c) 5
d) 2

Answer: c
Clarification: There are 5 basic principles for the evolutionary development.

5. Which of the following point is related to requirements and system evolution through scenarios?
a) Effective communication requires shared experience and shared vocabulary
b) Evolutionary development facilitates effective user involvement including hands on experience with a real product or prototype
c) Object technology and client-server architecture are on verge of making prototyping and reuse work for real systems by providing architectural infrastructure
d) Every iteration results in refined requirements and corrections to components that embody incorrect assumptions

Answer: a
Clarification: Effective communication requires shared experience and shared vocabulary .

6. Which of the following point is related to rework?
a) Effective communication requires shared experience and shared vocabulary
b) Evolutionary development facilitates effective user involvement including hands on experience with a real product or prototype
c) Object technology and client-server architecture are on verge of making prototyping and reuse work for real systems by providing architectural infrastructure
d) Every iteration results in refined requirements and corrections to components that embody incorrect assumptions

Answer: d
Clarification: Every iteration results in refined requirements and corrections to components that embody incorrect assumptions is related to rework.

7. Which of the following point is related to Continuous end user involvement and continuous re-calibration?
a) Effective communication requires shared experience and shared vocabulary
b) Evolutionary development facilitates effective user involvement including hands on experience with a real product or prototype
c) Object technology and client-server architecture are on verge of making prototyping and reuse work for real systems by providing architectural infrastructure
d) Every iteration results in refined requirements and corrections to components that embody incorrect assumptions

Answer: b
Clarification: Evolutionary development facilitates effective user involvement including hands on experience with a real product or prototype are related to Continuous end user involvement and continuous re-calibration.

8. Which of the following are key architectural drivers?
a) Evolvability
b) User productivity
c) Geographical distribution
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the key architectural drivers.

9. Which of the following are the hard requirements among the key architectural drivers?
a) Short time to initial demonstrable capability
b) Developer productivity
c) Interchangeable parts
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Short time to initial demonstrable capability is the hard requirements among the key architectural drivers.

10. Which of the following are architectural components?
a) Computers
b) Networks
c) Emulators
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are architectural components.

11. Which of the following represents Emulators?
a) It is a software that permits geographical distribution operators to carry conference
b) It is program that run on UNIX machine to simulate Macintosh and PCs
c) It is special purpose software that allows two or more users to collaborate over application
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Emulators are program that run on UNIX machine to simulate Macintosh and PCs.

12. Which of the following represents Collaboration software?
a) It is a software that permits geographical distribution operators to carry conference
b) It is program that run on UNIX machine to simulate Macintosh and PCs
c) It is special purpose software that allows two or more users to collaborate over application
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Collaboration software represents special purpose software that allows two or more users to collaborate over application.

13. Which of the following represents video conferencing?
a) It is a software that permits geographical distribution operators to carry conference
b) It is program that run on UNIX machine to simulate Macintosh and PCs
c) It is special purpose software that allows two or more users to collaborate over application
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Video conferencing represents-software that permits geographical distribution operators to carry conference.

14. Which of the following are the components of METOC Anchor Desk system architecture?
a) Data gathering Objects
b) Data visualization Objects
c) Joint Map Server
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the components of METOC Anchor Desk System architecture.

15. Which of the METOC Collaboration Consel?
a) X Windows
b) Windows Emulation
c) Macintosh Emulator
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are METOC Collaboration Consel.

16. Which of the following is true in context to evolutionary development method?
a) Evolutionary Development is applicable to development environments in which there is an authoritative user community
b) It is effective in environments where there are users shielded from developers by layers of bureaucracy
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: It is not effective in environments where there are users shielded from developers by layers of bureaucracy.

17. How is the goal of developer productivity achieved?
a) Heavy use of off the shelf components
b) Only writing tailoring glue code
c) Use of portable commercial products and emulators
d) Loose coupling through use of CORBA and WWW/HTML

Answer: b
Clarification: The goal of developer productivity achieved by only writing tailoring glue code.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Product Design Analysis”.

1. What does top down process follow?
a) The overall flow of activity during product design resolution is from higher to lower levels
b) The overall flow of activity during product design resolution is from lower to higher levels
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Top down layer on higher to lower abstraction.

2. What are the most common scenarios for resolutions?
a) Designers frequently work bottom up or skip levels of abstraction
b) To specify some part of product design to its physical level details before others are specified
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The choices represents the most common scenarios worked out under resolution techniques.

3. Lower level of abstraction includes?
a) Product features
b) Functions
c) Properties
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Lower abstraction includes all the choices mentioned.

4. Product design is mainly?
a) Top-down approach
b) Bottom-up approach
c) Top-down & Bottom-up approach
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Product design is top down approach.

5. The user-centered design comprises of which of these principles?
a) Stakeholder focus
b) Empirical Evaluation
c) Iteration
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: It includes all the following principles.

6. Collection of stakeholder needs is called?
a) Requirements elicitation
b) Requirements validation
c) Needs Elicitation
d) Requirements & Needs elicitation

Answer: d
Clarification: Collection of stakeholders needs are called needs elicitation, needs identification, requirements elicitation.

7. Understanding Stakeholder needs are called?
a) Needs analysis
b) Needs elicitation
c) Needs identification
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Understanding of these needs are called needs analysis.

8. Confirming with stakeholder that a product design satisfies their needs and desires are called?
a) Requirements validation
b) Requirements elicitation
c) Requirements analysis
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: It is also called as validation or requirement validation for confirming with stakeholder that a product design satisfies.

9. Stakeholder role in analyzing needs?
a) Answer questions
b) Clarify project mission statement
c) Review and validate models and documents
d) Answer questions, Review and validate models and documents

Answer: d
Clarification: Clarifying project mission statement comes for analyzing product design problem.

10. Stakeholder role for Generate/Improve alternatives?
a) Participate in generation and improvement
b) Answer the question
c) Be subject of empirical studies
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Generate or improving alternatives includes active participation.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “UML Deployment Diagrams”.

1. Which of the following statement is true?
a) A logical architecture is the realization of product as code and data files residing and executing on computational resource
b) A physical architecture is the configuration of product’s major constituents
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A physical architecture is the realization of product as code and data files residing and executing on computational resource whereas, A logical architecture is the configuration of product’s major constituents

2. Which among these are the common notations for deployment diagrams?
a) Artifacts and nodes
b) Stereotypes
c) Components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Artifacts and nodes are the common factors used for the deployment diagram.

3. Which of the following statement is true?
a) A UML artifact is any physical representation of data used or produced during software development or software product operation
b) A node is a computational resource
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned options are true definitions of the notations.

4. Which of these are types of nodes used in the deployment diagram?
a) Device
b) Execution Environment
c) Artifact
d) Device & Execution Environment

Answer: d
Clarification: The two types of nodes are the Device and execution environment.

5. Which are the ways to represent nodes in a deployment diagram?
a) Nodes instances are underlined identifiers of the form name:type
b) The name may be left off, indicating an unnamed instance of the type
c) The type may be left off, indicating a named instance with an unspecified type
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the above are the ways in which a node can be represented in a deployment diagram.

6. What does a deployment diagram consists of?
a) Computational resource
b) Communication path between resource
c) Artifacts that execute resource
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A deployment diagram consists of all the mentioned options.

7. Which of the following is incorrect in the deployment diagram?
a) Communication connections between nodes are shown by communication paths
b) Communication paths are represented by dotted lines
c) Artifacts are deployed inside nodes where they reside and execute
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Communication paths are represented by solid lines and not dotted lines.

8. Which of these is correct?
a) Artifacts instances and types have same names
b) Artifact names and instances are underlines
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Artifacts names are underlined but instances are not.

9. What is true about the artifacts?
a) An Artifact is a physical entity
b) An artifact has spatio temporal location
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned options

10. What are the ways in which artifacts can be deployed?
a) Artifact symbol can be placed within node symbol
b) The artifact symbol can appear outside the node but be attached to it by dependency arrow from the artifact
c) Artifact name can be listed inside the node symbol
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the above are the ways in which an artifact can be deployed.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Patterns in Software Design”.

1. Why are Patterns important?
a) They capture expert design knowledge
b) They make captured design accessible to both novices and other experts
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Patterns are important because they capture expert design knowledge and make it accessible to both novices and other experts.

2. What benefits does patterns provide?
a) Novice designers can benefit from learning solution patterns that experts use, without needing design experience
b) Expert designers can benefit from studying patterns too: They can broaden their repertoire of patterns and deepen their understanding of the patterns they already know
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Novice designers can benefit from learning solution patterns that experts use, without needing design experience whereas Expert designers can benefit from studying patterns too: They can broaden their repertoire of patterns and deepen their understanding of the patterns they already know.

3. What benefits does patterns provide?
a) Promoting Communication
b) Streamlining Documentation
c) Increasing Development Efficiency
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Patterns provide all the mentioned benefits.

4. Which of the following Choices and standardizes patterns for a problem domain promotes software reuse and, hence, quality and productivity?
a) Promoting Communication
b) Streamlining Documentation
c) Increasing Development Efficiency
d) Supporting Software Reuse

Answer: d
Clarification: Supporting Software Reuse-Choosing and standardizing patterns for a problem domain promotes software reuse and, hence, quality and productivity.

5. Which among the following are the arguments made by Alexander?
a) Good building design patterns are consequences of human anatomy,psychology, physiology, sociology, and politics and so are things in the world that can be discovered and verified
b) Great architecture has always relied on patterns, but they have never been studied systematically
c) Anyone can make great buildings once the patterns are known and understood
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned arguments are made by Alexander.

6. Which of these are the part of 253 patterns in pattern book by Alexander?
a) Four-Story Limit
b) South-Facing Outdoors
c) Warm Colors
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the part of 253 patterns in pattern book by Alexander.

7. What is a pattern?
a) It is a model proposed for imitation
b) It solves a software design problem
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: A pattern is a model proposed for imitation and A software design pattern is a model proposed for imitation in solving a software design problem.

8. Which among these are the design patterns?
a) Architectural Styles and Programming Idioms
b) Mid-Level Design Patterns
c) Data Structures and Algorithms
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the design patterns.

9. Which design pattern focus on the design patterns movement?
a) Architectural Styles
b) Mid-Level Design Patterns
c) Data Structures and Algorithms
d) Programming Idioms

Answer: b
Clarification: Mid-Level Design Patterns focus on the design patterns movement.

10. Which of the following represents The (static) structure and (dynamic) behavior of the pattern?
a) Name
b) Application
c) Consequences
d) Form

Answer: d
Clarification: Form represents The (static) structure and (dynamic) behavior of the pattern.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Architectural Styles”.

1. Architectural styles is composed of which of the following?
a) A set of component types that perform some function at run-time
b) A topological layout of these components indicating their run-time inter relationships
c) A set of semantic constraints
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true with respect to the architectural styles.

2. Which architectural style goal is to achieve Integrability?
a) Data Flow Architecture
b) Call and Return Architecture
c) Data Centered Architectures
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Data Centered Architectures-goal is to achieve Integrability.

3. Which architectural style goal is to achieve Modifiability with Scalability?
a) Data Flow Architecture
b) Call and Return Architecture
c) Virtual Machine Architecture
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Call and Return Architecture goal is to achieve Modifiability with Scalability.

4. Which architectural style goal is to achieve Portability?
a) Data Flow Architecture
b) Call and Return Architecture
c) Virtual Machine Architecture
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Virtual Machine Architecture goal is to achieve Portability.

5. Which architectural style goal is to achieve Modifiability with Reuse?
a) Data Flow Architecture
b) Call and Return Architecture
c) Virtual Machine Architecture
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Data Flow Architecture goal is to achieve Modifiability with Reuse.

6. Data Centered architecture is subdivided into which of the following subtypes?
a) Repository and Blackboard
b) Batch Sequential, Pipes and Filters
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Data Centered architecture is subdivided into Repository and Blackboard.

7. Which of the architectural style is further subdivided into Batch sequential and Pipes & filters?
a) Data Flow Architecture
b) Call and Return Architecture
c) Data Centered Architectures
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Data flow is further subdivided into Batch sequential and Pipes & filters.

8. Which of the following are types of Call and return architecture?
a) Main program and subroutine Architecture
b) Remote Procedure Call system
c) Object Oriented or abstract data type system
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are subtypes of Call and return Architecture.

9. Which of the following type has the main goal to achieve performance?
a) Main program and subroutine Architecture
b) Remote Procedure Call system
c) Object Oriented or abstract data type system
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Remote procedure call system has the main goal to achieve performance.

10. Which of the following type has the main goal to achieve Modifiability?
a) Main program and subroutine Architecture
b) Remote Procedure Call system
c) Object Oriented or abstract data type system
d) Main program and subroutine Architecture, Object Oriented or abstract data type system

Answer: d
Clarification: Main program and subroutine Architecture, Object Oriented or abstract data type system has the main goal to achieve Modifiability.

11. In which of the following style new clients can be added easily?
a) Data Flow Architecture
b) Call and Return Architecture
c) Data Centered Architectures
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: In Data Centered Architectures new clients can be added easily.

12. What is correct about Data centered architecture?
a) It is modifiable with respect to changing the functionality of any particular client as other clients will not be affected
b) It is non-modifiable with respect to changing the functionality of any particular client as other clients will be affected
c) Coupling among the client will lessen the effect of data center architecture
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: It is modifiable with respect to changing the functionality of any particular client as other clients will not be affected, Coupling among the client will lessen the effect of data center architecture are the correct architectures.

13. What is batch sequential style?
a) In batch sequential components are independent programs
b) Assumptions is that each step runs to completion before the next step starts
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: In batch sequential style- In batch sequential components are independent programs, Assumptions is that each step runs to completion before the next step starts.

14. What is pipes and filter style?
a) They emphasize on incremental transformation of data by successive components
b) It is used in UNIX family of the system
c) They return no state information
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned is true for pipes & filter style.

15. What are the advantage of pipe & filters?
a) They interact with the environment in limited ways
b) They simplify systems maintenance and enhance its reuse
c) Interactive applications are encouraged by the style
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The advantage are-They interact with the environment in limited ways and They simplify systems maintenance and enhance its reuse.

Software Architecture Problems on “Forming the Team Structure”.

1. Which of the following points are considered according to the con way?
a) Take any two nodes x and y of the system, either they are joined by a branch or they are not
b) If there is no branch between x and y they they do not communicate
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the points that are considered according to the con way.

2. Which of the following is true?
a) Conway describes how to discern organizational structure
b) Relationship between organizational structure and system structure is bidirectional
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true.

3. Which of the following are considered for the architecture on development?
a) Teams are allocated once the architecture under construction has been agreed upon
b) Teams are allocated after the architecture under construction has been agreed upon
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Teams are allocated once the architecture under construction has been agreed upon.

4. Which of the following is true for the teams?
a) Teams within the organization works on components
b) Within each team there has to be high bandwidth communications
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for teams.

5. Which of the following describes module?
a) The module is the presentation layer of a human computer interaction system
b) The module is a process scheduler that hides the number of available processors and scheduling algorithms
c) The module is the Physical Models that encapsulates the equations used to compute values about the physical environment
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the true descriptions of the module.

6. What is incorrect of the following?
a) The impact of an organization on an architecture is less subtle but not equally strong as the impact of architecture on the organization
b) The impact of an organization on an architecture is more subtle but equally strong as the impact of architecture on the organization
c) The module is the presentation layer of a human computer interaction system
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The impact of an organization on an architecture is more subtle but equally strong as the impact of architecture on the organization.

7. What is true for the Organizations?
a) Organizations always add specialized groups that are independent of architectural structures
b) Organizations sometimes add specialized groups that are independent of architectural structures
c) Organizations sometimes add specialized groups that are dependent of architectural structures
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Organizations sometimes add specialized groups that are independent of architectural structures.

8. Which of the following describes change?
a) Any particular change may not necessary require modification to a variety of architectural components
b) Any particular change does not require modification to a variety of architectural components
c) Any particular change may require modification to a variety of architectural components
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Any particular change may require modification to a variety of architectural components.

9. Why is the organizational structure that is aligned only with architectural structure is not adequate?
a) Any particular change may require modification to a variety of architectural components
b) Individuals in the customer response team make modifications to the whole system
c) Individuals must be outside of any team that has responsibility for any particular group of components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The organizational structure that is aligned only with architectural structure is not adequate because of all of the mentioned reasons.

10. Which of the following is false?
a) Individuals in the customer response team make modifications to the whole system
b) Individuals must be outside of any team that has responsibility for any particular group of components
c) Individuals in the customer response team does not make modifications to the whole system
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Individuals in the customer response team make modifications to the whole system.