Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Architecture Questions and Answers for Entrance exams on “System Quality Attributes Not Discernable At Runtime”.

1. Which of the following factors are not discernable by run-time?
a) Modifiability
b) Portability
c) Reusability
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are factors not discernable by run-time.

2. What is Modifiabiliy?
a) It is ability to make changes quickly and cost effectively follows directly from architecture
b) Modifiability is largely a function of locality of any change
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Modifiability is ability to make changes quickly and cost effectively follows directly from architecture and it is largely a function of locality of any change.

3. Modifications to a system often flow from changes in the business needs of the owing organization is categorized in which of the following?
a) Extending or changing capabilities
b) Deleting unwanted capabilities
c) Adapting to new operating environment
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned factors are categorized correctly.

4. What is Portability?
a) It is ability of system to run into different environments
b) It is ability of system to confined to one environment
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Portability- It is ability of system to run into different environments.

5. What is reuability?
a) Designing such that system’s structure or some of its components can be reused again in future applications
b) Reusability is related to software architecture in that architectural components are the units of reuse
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for reusability.

6. What is Integrability?
a) It is ability to make the separately developed component of the system to work correctly together
b) It is ease with which software can be made to demonstrate faults
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Integrability-It is ability to make the separately developed component of the system to work correctly together.

7. What is Testability?
a) It is ability of system to run into different environments
b) It is ease with which software can be made to demonstrate faults
c) It is ability to make the separately developed component of the system to work correctly together
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Testability-It is ease with which software can be made to demonstrate faults.

8. Which concepts is testability related to?
a) Observability
b) Controllability
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Testability is related to observability and controllability.

9. What is true for a system to be proper testable?
a) It must be possible to control each components internal state and then observe its output
b) It must be possible to control each components output and then observe its internal state
c) it may or may not be possible to control each components internal state and then observe its output
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: It must be possible to control each components internal state and then observe its output.

10. Which of the following are the several architectural issues for system’s testability?
a) Its level of architectural documentation
b) Its separation of concerns
c) The degree to which the system uses information hiding
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true issues for system’s testability.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Architectural Description Language”.

1. Which of the following are considered during Systems construction?
a) What are the components?
b) Are components modules that exist only at design time but are compiles together before run-time
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the factors to be considered during system constructions.

2. Which of the following are the reasons for the importance of architecture?
a) Mutual Communication
b) Embodiment of early design decisions suitable for analysis
c) Transferable abstraction of system
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the reasons for the importance of architecture.

3. How would ADL(Architecture Description Language) enhance communication?
a) Both author and reader of the architecture description would share a common understanding
b) Saving time spent asking clarifying questions about drawing
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: ADL(Architecture Description Language) enhance communication because Both author and reader of the architecture description would share a common understanding, saving time spent asking clarifying questions about drawing.

4. Which of the following support the difference between Architecture Language and Requirement language?
a) Architecture language describes about problem spaces
b) Requirement language describes solution space
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Architecture language describes about solution space and Requirement language describes problem spaces.

5. Which of the following support the difference between Architecture Language and Modelling language?
a) Architecture language describes about problem spaces
b) Modelling language are more concerned with the behaviors of the whole
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Modelling language are more concerned with the behaviors of the whole whereas Architecture language describes about solution space.

6. Mainstream ADLs provides which of the following?
a) Abstraction
b) Structures
c) Analysis capabilities
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: ADLs provides with all of the mentioned.

7. Which of the following is common for most of the ADLs?
a) They are feature in graphical syntax
b) They provide features for modelling distributed systems
c) They handle data flow
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are common for most of the ADLs.

8. Which of the following is false?
a) ADLs differ markedly in their ability to handle real time constructs
b) ADLs vary in their ability to support the specification of particular architectural styles
c) ADLs do not widely vary in their ability to support analysis
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: ADLs vary widely in their ability to support analysis.

9. Which of the following is true?
a) Nearly all ADLs can represent pipe and filter architecture
b) ADLs differ in their ability to handle variability
c) ADLs vary in their ability to support the specification of particular architectural styles
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true.

10. Which of the following are minimal set of requirements for a language to be an ADL?
a) An ADL must support the tasks of architecture creation and refinement
b) An ADL must provide the ability to provide structures of the system
c) An ADL must support either an analytical capability based on architecture description
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are minimal set of requirements for a language to be an ADL.

Software Architecture Questions and Answers for Freshers on “Standards II”.

1. Which of the following is correct?
a) International body of community is made up of ISO and IEC
b) International body of community is made up of ISO and ANSI
c) International body of community is made up of IEEE and ANSI
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: International body of community is made up of ISO and IEC.

2. Which among the following is another important force at work in determining the results of pursuing an open systems approach?
a) Conformance
b) Marketplace
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Marketplace is another important force at work in determining the results of pursuing an open systems approach.

3. Which of the following is true with respect to the marketplace?
a) Individual vendors sell products that do necessarily implement specific standards
b) Users on the other hand never let what is available in the marketplace to determine what they choose to buy
c) Individual vendors sell products that do not necessarily implement any standards
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Individual vendors sell products that do not necessarily implement any standards.

4. Which of the following is true for standard driven marketplace?
a) Vendors and users work together to define the standards
b) Vendors commit to the standards by conforming products
c) Users commit to the standards by using them to guide their purchases
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for standard driven marketplace.

5. Which of the following is correct for the marketplace?
a) When designing a system,wanting to conform to a standard will guarantee interoperability
b) Waiting for standards to be produced will certainly not increase time to market
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: When designing a system,wanting to conform to a standard will not guarantee interoperability and Waiting for standards to be produced will certainly increase time to market.

6. Which of the following are true for selecting ans profiling standards?
a) The art of choosing your standard starts with market research
b) To select the standards to use, one has to categorize them
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true.

7. What is profile?
a) A profile is a standard distribution and allocation for the proper selection procedure
b) A profile is a set of one or more standards and where applicable, the identification of chosen classes and parameters of those standards
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: A profile is a set of one or more standards and where applicable, the identification of chosen classes and parameters of those standards.

8. Which of the following is is correct?
a) Open systems emphasizes only on the interface specification needed to be standards
b) Open systems emphasizes only on component implementation needed to properly implement those standards
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Open systems emphasizes not only on the interface specification needed to be standards but also emphasizes only on component implementation needed to properly implement those standards.

9. Which of the following does conformance deals with?
a) Fidelity with which an implementation meets the standard
b) It is an action or behavior in correspondence with current customs
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are dealed by conformance.

10. Which of the following are the limitations of standards?
a) The risk of using accredited standards is that they will not respond fast enough
b) Standards may not address all of their needs of concerns
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the limitations of standards.

11. Which among the following are the main roots of international standard community?
a) ISO
b) IEC
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the main roots of international standard community.

12. Which of the following are the national standards?
a) Consortia
b) ISO
c) ANSI
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: ANSI belongs to national standards.

13. Which of the following are related specific groups which are included in Asian national standards?
a) ANSI
b) IEEE
c) JTC1
d) Consortia

Answer: d
Clarification: Consortia is included in specific groups included under Asian national standards.

14. Which of the following comes under ANSI?
a) X3
b) IEEE
c) NIST
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are included under ANSI.

15. Which of the following are a part of JTC1?
a) ANSI
b) ISO and IEC
c) European standards
d) ANSI & European standards

Answer: d
Clarification: ANSI and European standards are part of JTC1.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Project Mission Statement”.

1. What among these takes a project mission statement as its input?
a) Generic Software Product Design
b) Generic Software Engineering Design
c) Generic Software Product & Engineering Design
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Software Product design input is project mission statement.

2. The design process where project mission statement is the input what will be its output?
a) Final design document
b) SRS
c) Product plan
d) Design document

Answer: b
Clarification: The design process is a generic software product design whose output is SRS.

3. Which of these are known as Project mission statement?
a) Business case document
b) Project charter
c) Project brief
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The project mission statement can be addressed by all of these.

4. What is the project mission statement?
a) It is a document that defines development project’s goal
b) It is a document that specifies project’s limits
c) It is a document that defines development project’s goal & specifies project’s limits
d) It is a document which specifies project mission

Answer: c
Clarification: The correct definition of project mission statement includes both.

5. The important roles followed by the project mission statement?
a) Launching a development project
b) Stating the software design problem
c) Both Launching a development project & Stating the software design problem
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The important roles include both activities.

6. Which of these is not a part of the project mission template?
a) Introduction
b) Product vision and project scope
c) Business requirements
d) Functional requirements

Answer: d
Clarification: It is a part of SRS and not project mission template.

7. Which of the following statement is correct?
a) Assumption is any factor that limits developers
b) Constraint is something that developers take it as granted
c) Constraint is a restriction on the solution
d) Assumption is drawback of the problem

Answer: c
Clarification: Rest all are false, Assumption is something that developers may take advantage for,
Constraint is any factor that limits developers,
Assumptions are feature of problem.

8. Which of these steps is not in sequence with project mission statement?
i. Introduction
ii. Target Markets
iii. Product vision and scope
iv. Business requirements
a) i and ii
b) ii and iii
c) ii and iv
d) iii and iv

Answer: b
Clarification: Product vision and scope is second step to be followed.

9. Which of these are true for product vision and project scope?
a) Product vision is general description of product’s purpose and form
b) Project vision is work to be done in a project
c) Project scope is general description of product’s purpose and form
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Only first definition is true rest all are incorrect.

10. Which among these is not a stakeholder?
a) Manager
b) Marketing person
c) User
d) Audience not a part of software who does not follow or has any concerns about software

Answer: d
Clarification: A stakeholder is anyone affected by product.

Software Design Assessment Questions and Answers on “Specifying Software Architectures”.

1. Which among these are the notations which are used to represent software architecture?
a) UML activity diagram
b) UML use case diagram
c) UML class diagram, Interaction diagram
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of these are the notations which are used to represent software architectures.

2. Which of these notations are followed under type of specification as decomposition?
a) Box and line diagrams
b) State diagrams
c) Sequence and communication Diagrams
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Under the type Decomposition notations used are Box and line diagram, Class diagram, Package Diagram, Component diagram.

3. Which of the following are true?
a) A unit’s responsibilities are usually indicated by various connections and by the respective names
b) A unit’s relationships are usually indicated in part by its name and in part by the symbols used to represent it in various diagrams
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A units responsibilities are indicated in part by its name and in part by the symbols used to represent it in various diagrams whereas a units relationship is indicated by various connections and by the respective names.

4. Interface specification as descriptions of communication includes which of the following?
a) Syntax
b) Semantics
c) Pragmatics
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Interface specification as descriptions of communication includes syntax, semantics, pragmatics.

5. Which of the following is false about interface specifications?
a) The syntax of communication specifies the elements of medium and the ways they may be combined to form legitimate messages
b) The semantics of a communication medium specify the meaning of messages
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned statements are true and so no false statements can be extracted.

6. Which of the following is true?
a) A precondition is an assertion must be true at the completion of an activity
b) A post condition is an assertion must be true at the initiation of an activity
c) An interface specification should cover syntax, semantics, pragmatics of communication between module and its environment
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The correct statement of the incorrect ones are A precondition is an assertion must be true at the initiation of an activity whereas a post condition is an assertion must be true at the completion of an activity.

7. What is true about scenarios?
a) Scenarios was defined as specific interaction between product and particular individuals that instantiates a use case
b) Scenarios for quality attributes are specific interaction between a program and entity, including developers and maintainers
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All the mentioned statements are true in context to scenarios.

8. What does box and line diagram signify?
a) The boxes in the diagram refer to the interaction relationship between components
b) The line in the diagram refer to the software or data store components
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned are false correct one are, The boxes diagram refer to the software or data store components and The line in the diagram refer to the interaction relationship between components.

9. Which of these signifies the heuristics of Architectural specifications?
a) Write good technical prose when specifying architectures
b) Use a template to specify interface
c) Keep boxes and line simple
d) Use a template to specify interface & Write good technical prose when specifying architectures

Answer: d
Clarification: Keep boxes and line simple are the heuristic for box and line diagram and not for architectural specification

10. Which of these signifies the heuristics of Box and Line diagram?
a) Make the box and lines simple
b) Use symbol consistently in different diagram
c) Use a template to specify interface
d) Make the box and lines simple & Use symbol consistently in different diagram

Answer: d
Clarification: Use a template to specify interface is a heuristic for architectural specification.

Software Design Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced people on “Algorithm and Data Structure Specification”.

1. Algorithms may be stated in an operation specification for which of the following reasons?
a) An algorithm may be stated to provide a procedural specification of the operation’s behavior
b) An algorithm may be stated to specify that the algorithm is to be used in the implementation
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Algorithms may be stated in an operation specification for two reasons An algorithm may be stated to provide a procedural specification of the operation’s behavior and An algorithm may be stated to specify that the algorithm is to be used in the implementation.

2. What is minispec?
a) It is a step-by-step description of how an operation transforms its inputs to outputs
b) Calls to other operations may be included in minispec
c) They are more often written in a pseudo code language
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: They are more often written in a pseudo code language.

3. Figure out the incorrect statements for pseudo code?
a) Pseudo code is English augmented with programming language constructs
b) It offers much of the ease and power of expression of English together with the precision of a programming language
c) There are many versions of pseudo code and no widely accepted standard
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned statement for pseudo code are correct.

4. What are Abstract Data Type?
a) They are a set of values and operations for manipulating those values
b) They are a scheme for storing values in computer memory
c) Arrays, stacks, queues, lists, and trees are all examples of abstract data types
d) They are a set of values and operations for manipulating those values, Arrays, stacks, queues, lists, and trees are all examples of abstract data types

Answer: d
Clarification: Data Structure is a scheme for storing values in computer memory and rest other are true.

5. Data structures generally employ which of the following implementation strategies?
a) Contiguous Implementation
b) Linked Implementation
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Data structures generally employ two implementation strategies- Contiguous Implementation and Linked Implementation.

6. What is Linked Implementation?
a) Values are stored in adjacent memory cells
b) Values are not necessarily stored in adjacent memory cells and are accessed using pointers or references
c) Values are not stored in adjacent memory cells
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Linked Implementation-Values are not necessarily stored in adjacent memory cells and are accessed using pointers or references.

7. What is data structure diagram?
a) A simple graphical notation is traditionally used to depict data structures
b) It is a scheme for storing values in computer memory
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A simple graphical notation is traditionally used to depict data structures are data structure diagram and a data structure is a scheme for storing values in computer memory.

8. The contiguous structures stores record in which of the field location?
a) The left subtree
b) The right subtrees
c) The node
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The contiguous structures are records with three fields storing pointers to the left and right subtrees and the data stored at the node.

9. What is a Reference denoted by?
a) They to memory cells are represented by pointer arrows originating in the memory cell rectangles
b) A dot represents the null pointer
c) They are represented by connecting disjoint collections of arrays or records with pointer arrows
d) They to memory cells are represented by pointer arrows originating in the memory cell rectangles & dot represents the null pointer

Answer: d
Clarification: References or pointers to memory cells are represented by pointer arrows originating in the memory cell rectangles. A dot represents the null pointer or reference and Linked data structure implementations are represented by connecting disjoint collections of arrays or records with pointer arrows.

10. Which of the following are the heuristics for data structure diagram?
a) Label record fields only once
b) Use ellipses to simplify large, repetitive structures
c) Draw linked structures so that the pointers point down the page or from left to right
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the heuristics for data structure diagram.