Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Architectural Structural Views”.

1. Why is Software architecture so important?
a) Communication among stakeholders
b) Early Design decisions
c) Transferable abstraction of a system
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Reasons of the architecture to be important are all the mentioned above.

2. Why is software architecture called vehicle for stakeholder communication?
a) Each stakeholder of a software system is concerned with different characteristics of the system affected by architecture
b) Architecture provides a common language in which different concerns can be expressed
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are correct.

3. Which lines depict that architecture defines constraints on an implementation?
a) An implementation exhibits an architecture if it conforms to the structural decisions described by the architecture
b) The implementation need not be divided into prescribed components
c) An implementation exhibits an architecture if it conforms to the structural decisions described by the architecture and the implementation must be divided into prescribed components
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: An implementation exhibits an architecture if it conforms to the structural decisions described by the architecture, the implementation must be divided into prescribed components.

4. Why does architecture dictates organizational structure?
a) Architecture describes the structure of the system being developed which becomes engraved in the development project structure
b) An implementation exhibits an architecture if it conforms to the structural decisions described by the architecture
c) Architecture may not describe structure as whole
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Architecture describes the structure of the system being developed which becomes engraved in the development project structure.

5. Which of the following is right dependence relationship?
a) Performance depends on how strongly components are coupled with other components in system
b) Re-usability depends on the volume and complexity of the inter-component communication and coordination
c) Modifiability depends on system’s modularization
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Performance depends on the volume and complexity of the inter-component communication and coordination, re-usability depends on how strongly components are coupled with other components in system and modifiability depends on system’s modularization.

6. Which of the following is correct for decisions made at life cycle level?
a) Decisions at all level of like cycle from high level design to coding, implementation affect system quality
b) Decisions at all level of like cycle from high level design to coding, implementation may or may not affect system quality
c) Decisions at all level of like cycle from high level design to coding,implementation does not affect system quality
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Decisions at all level of like cycle from high level design to coding, implementation affect system quality.

7. Is it possible to make quality predictions about a system based solely on evaluation of its architecture?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Yes it is possible to make quality predictions about a system based solely on evaluation of its architecture.

8. Every possible architecture partition possible changes into which of the following categories?
a) Local
b) Non Local
c) Architectural
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true.

9. Which change is accomplished by modifying a single component?
a) A local change
b) Non Local Change
c) Architectural change
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A local change is accomplished by modifying a single component.

10. An architecture help in evolutionary prototyping in which of the following ways?
a) Potential performance problem can be identified early in the product’s life cycle
b) The system is executable early in the product’s life cycle
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All the mentioned are the valid ways.

11. Which of the following are software structures?
a) Module Structure
b) Conceptual or logical structure
c) Process structure
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the valid structures.

12. Which structure describes units as abstraction of system’s functional requirements?
a) Conceptual structure
b) Module structure
c) Physical structure
d) Calls structure

Answer: a
Clarification: Conceptual structure-describes units as abstraction of system’s functional requirements.

13. Which structure’s view is orthogonal to the module and conceptual view?
a) Module Structure
b) Process Structure
c) Uses Structure
d) Data flow

Answer: b
Clarification: Process Structure-view is orthogonal to the module and conceptual view.

14. Which structure’s view shows the mapping of software onto hardware?
a) Module Structure
b) Process Structure
c) Physical Structure
d) Class Structure

Answer: c
Clarification: Physical Structure- view shows the mapping of software onto hardware.

15. Which structure describes units are programs or module?
a) Calls Structure
b) Uses Structure
c) Data Flow
d) Control Flow

Answer: d
Clarification: Control Flow-structure describes units are programs or module.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Referenced Architectures”.

1. Which of the following are part of Reference architectures?
a) Mature Domains
b) Stages for reuse
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are part of Reference architectures.

2. Which of the following systems have formally approved standards?
a) Operating Systems
b) Network Communication Systems
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned systems have formally approved standards.

3. Which of the forces among these encourages reference architectures?
a) A business case can be made to produce component or application generators once a reference architecture exists
b) If there is a large user community for these systems they need to be interchanged
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the forces which encourages reference architectures.

4. Which of the following includes stages of architecture?
a) Reusable Architectures
b) Domain Specific Languages
c) Reusable components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are stages for architecture.

5. Which of the following comes under Reusable Architecture?
a) Provides structure and coordination model used through multiple systems
b) Provides executive and basic primitive concepts used through multiple systems
c) Provides components used through multiple systems
d) None of the systems

Answer: a
Clarification: For reusable architecture- Provides structure and coordination model used through multiple systems.

6. Which of the following comes under Reusable Components?
a) Provides structure and coordination model used through multiple systems
b) Provides executive and basic primitive concepts used through multiple systems
c) Provides components used through multiple systems
d) None of the systems

Answer: c
Clarification: For reusable components- Provides components used through multiple systems.

7. Which of the following comes under Domain Specific Languages?
a) Provides structure and coordination model used through multiple systems
b) Provides executive and basic primitive concepts used through multiple systems
c) Provides components used through multiple systems
d) None of the systems

Answer: b
Clarification: For Domain Specific languages- Provides executive and basic primitive concepts used through multiple systems.

8. Which of the following is the common goal for stages of reuse?
a) To have collection of reusable components that can be used together in a wide variety of systems
b) To have collections of reusable components that may or may not be used in a wide variety of systems
c) To have collection of reusable components that cannot be used together in a wide variety of systems
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: To have collection of reusable components that can be used together in a wide variety of systems.

9. Which of the following are levels of maturity of selected domains?
a) Reference models
b) Reference architecture
c) Component Generators
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are levels of maturity of selected domain.

10. Which of the following are mature compared to others?
a) Reference models
b) Reference architecture
c) Component Generators
d) Application Generators

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are mature compared to others.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Software Design Process”.

1. Software Design consists of _____________
a) Software Product Design
b) Software Engineering Design
c) Software Product & Engineering Design
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Software design consists of product and engineering design.

2. Which of the following is true?
a) Analysis – Solving problem
b) Design – Understanding problem
c) Analysis & Design
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Analysis- Understanding problem Resolution – Solving problem.

3. Which of these are followed in case of software design process?
a) Analysis occurs at start of product design with a product idea
b) Analysis occurs at the end of engineering design with the SRS
c) Product design resolution produces the design document
d) Engineering design resolution produces the SRS

Answer: a
Clarification: Only statement one is true rest all are false. Analysis is at start of design, Product design resolution produces SRS.

4. Which of these is not in sequence for generic problem solving strategy?
a) Understand the problem
b) Generate candidate solutions
c) Iterate if no solution is adequate
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Iteration is done at last stage.

5. Which of these is not in sequence for generic design process?
a) Analyze the Problem
b) Evaluate candidate solutions
c) Finalize the Design
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Evaluation is followed after Generation of candidate solutions.

6. Why do you think iteration is important for design?
a) To frequently reanalyze the problem
b) To generate and improve solutions only once for better output
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: It has to follow both in order to complete iteration process.

7. What is true about generic software product design process?
a) It begins with SRS
b) It ends with Product Design Problem
c) Analysis is done and end product is project mission statement
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: It begins with product design problem ends with SRS and starting point is project mission statement, hence all choices are false.

8. Generic software engineering design process defined by which of these steps?
a) Generic software engineering design process first job after analysis is detailed design
b) Attention is turned later to architectural design
c) Architectural design is not followed by Detailed design
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Following procedure is followed in engineering design process.

9. Which of these is said to be true about resolution process in generic software engineering design process?
a) Architectural design is low resolution process
b) Detailed design is high resolution process
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Architectural design is high resolution, detailed design is low resolution

10. Which step among these follows the wrong sequence in software engineering design process?
a) Analyze problem
b) Generate candidate architecture
c) Finalize design
d) Select detailed design

Answer: c
Clarification: Selection of design is followed first later design is finalized.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Engineering Design Principles”.

1. Why does software engineering design shares many design principles?
a) Common design goal of creating high quality design
b) For expansion of product lifetime
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Both of the mentioned statements are valid reasons for the existence of many design principles.

2. Why are the design principles considered unique?
a) They are characteristic of well constructed programs
b) They are robust
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Design principles are unique because they are characteristic of well constructed programs.

3. Which among these is the primary goal for software engineering design?
a) To specify the structure of program satisfying software product specification
b) To specify the behavior of program satisfying software product specification
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The primary goal of design is to specify the structure as well as the behavior of program satisfying software product specification.

4. What is true about good programs?
a) Good program must have certain characteristic at delivery and must be maintainable during time
b) A good program at delivery must satisfy its requirements
c) A good program must conform to its design constraints
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned factors are considered for a program to be good.

5. What is the principle of feasibility?
a) A Design is acceptable only when it is realized
b) Designs that make easier to change are better
c) Designs that can be built for less money, in less time with less risk are better
d) Designs that can meet more stakeholder needs and desired subject to constraints are better

Answer: a
Clarification: Principle of feasibility states that a design is acceptable only when it is realized.

6. Which principle states the following “Designs that make easier to change are better”?
a) Principle of Feasibility
b) Principle of Economy
c) Principle of Changeability
d) Principle of Adequacy

Answer: c
Clarification: Principle of changeability states that Designs that make easier to change are better.

7. What is the principle of adequacy?
a) A Design is acceptable only when it is realized
b) Designs that make easier to change are better
c) Designs that can be built for less money, in less time with less risk are better
d) Designs that can meet more stakeholder needs and desired subject to constraints are better

Answer: d
Clarification: Principle of adequacy states that, Designs that can meet more stakeholder needs and desired subject to constraints are better.

8. What is the principle of the economy?
a) A Design is acceptable only when it is realized
b) Designs that make easier to change are better
c) Designs that can be built for less money, in less time with less risk are better
d) Designs that can meet more stakeholder needs and desired subject to constraints are better

Answer: c
Clarification: Principle of economy states that, Designs that can be built for less money, in less time with less risk are better.

9. Which of these does a good design follow?
a) A good design should specify a program that can be built, tested and deployed on time
b) A good design should be concluded in its budget
c) A good design can vary risk
d) A good design should specify a program that can be built, tested and deployed on time and within its budget

Answer: d
Clarification: A good design should specify a program that can be built, tested and deployed on time and within its budget.

10. Which is true among the following?
a) Design Principles state desirable design characteristics based on meeting stakeholder needs and desires
b) Basic design principles are evaluative criteria that state characteristics of good design
c) Constructive Design principles state desirable engineering design characteristics based on past software development experience
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Design principles are evaluative criteria that state characteristics of good design whereas basic design principles state desirable design characteristics based on meeting stakeholder needs and desires.

Software Design Problems on “Designing with State Diagrams”.

1. Finite automata can be divided into which of the following groups?
a) Acceptors or recognizers
b) Transducers
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Finite automata can be divided into the following groups – acceptors or recognizers and transducers.

2. What is a Recognizer?
a) Finite automata that both respond to events and generate actions
b) Finite automata that respond to events but generate no actions
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Finite automata that both respond to events and generate actions are called transducers and finite automata that respond to events but generate no actions are called acceptors, or recognizers.

3. What is a transducer?
a) Finite automata that both respond to events and generate actions
b) Finite automata that respond to events but generate no actions
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Finite automata that both respond to events and generate actions are called transducers and finite automata that respond to events but generate no actions are called acceptors, or recognizers.

4. What among these follows acceptor model?
a) They often model the behavior of small software modules
b) A common use of models is to design a lexical analyzer, which is a program component that transforms a character stream into a stream of tokens, which are symbols recognized by the program
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Acceptors often model the behavior of small software modules and a common use of acceptors is to design a lexical analyzer, which is a program component that transforms a character stream into a stream of tokens, which are symbols recognized by the program.

5. Which of these represents Transducers?
a) They can be used to model state-based behavior throughout software design
b) In product design, they model the state-based behavior of entire products
c) They are also useful for modeling software components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Transducers can be used to model state-based behavior throughout software design. In product design, transducers model the state-based behavior of entire products and transducers are also useful for modeling software components.

6. What are dialog maps?
a) It is a state diagram whose nodes represent user interface state
b) They are thus used to model user interface behavior
c) They are not useful for modeling software components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Dialog Map is a state diagram whose nodes represent user interface state and they are used to model user interface behavior

7. What is a user interface diagram?
a) It is a drawing of (part of) a product’s visual display when it is in a particular state
b) It is a note attached to a line or arrow picking out part of a diagram
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A user interface diagram is a drawing of (part of) a product’s visual display when it is in a particular state and a callout is a note attached to a line or arrow picking out part of a diagram.

8. What is callout?
a) It is a drawing of (part of) a product’s visual display when it is in a particular state
b) It is a note attached to a line or arrow picking out part of a diagram
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: A user interface diagram is a drawing of (part of) a product’s visual display when it is in a particular state and a callout is a note attached to a line or arrow picking out part of a diagram.

9. What are the specifications of user interface should satisfy?
a) Every user interface diagram should specify the visual form of a state in a dialog map
b) Every state in a dialog map should have its visual form specified by a user interface diagram
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Every user interface diagram should specify the visual form of a state in a dialog map and every state in a dialog map should have its visual form specified by a user interface diagram are the conditions that should be satisfied.

10. Which of the following are the uses for Dialog maps?
a) Dialog maps are useful whenever the behavior of a program’s user interface is under study
b) They can be used to help elicit stakeholder needs and desires and to model them to make sure they are well understood and documented
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Dialog maps are useful whenever the behavior of a program’s user interface is under study and they can be used to help elicit stakeholder needs and desires and to model them to make sure they are well understood and documented.