Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Architecture Interview Questions and Answers for freshers on “CelsiusTech : A Case Study in product line development”.

1. CelsiusTech is one of the leading suppliers of command and control systems which of following?
a) Sweden
b) France
c) Portugal
d) Spain

Answer: a
Clarification: CelsiusTech is one of the leading suppliers of Sweden for command and control systems.

2. CelsiusTech is composed of which of the following companies?
a) CelsiusTech System
b) CelsiusTech Electronics
c) CelsiusTech IT
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are included for CelsiusTech.

3. Which of the following are the area of expertise for CelsiusTech?
a) Command and Control
b) Communication
c) Fire control systems
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the area of expertise for CelsiusTech.

4. Which of the following is applied for CelsiusTech results?
a) Shrinking Schedules
b) Code Reuse
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are applied for CelsiusTech.

5. Which of the following is true for Organizational structure?
a) Requirements and interfaces allocated and described in documents with limited communication
b) Functional area managers with little understanding of the other segments of the system
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for organizational structure.

6. Which of the following SS2000 organization is applicable for the period 1986 to 1991?
a) Development of test strategies, plans and tests
b) Coordination of all test runs
c) Component project that develop, integrate and manage product line components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The following mentioned are applicable for SS2000 organization for the period 1986 to 1991.

7. Which of the following applies architectural approach?
a) The modular structure
b) Maintaining Large pre integrated chunks
c) Maintaining the component base as new systems are produced
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the approaches for architecture of CelsiusTech.

8. Which of the following are part of Operator’s Console ?
a) ASC
b) Common Applications
c) LAN
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Part of Operator’s Console are ASC, ECM etc.

9. Which of the following are linked with Fundamentals?
a) Tactical Information
b) Database
c) Diagnostics
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are linked with fundamentals.

10. Which of the following are linked with Base System?
a) ECM
b) LAN
c) ASC
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: LAN is linked with Base system.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Software Engineering Design Method”.

1. Which of these truly defines Software design?
a) Software design is an activity subjected to constraints
b) Software Design specifies nature and composition of software product
c) Software Design satisfies client needs and desires
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Software design explains all of the statements as its definition.

2. Which of the following statement is false?
a) A process is a collection of related tasks that transforms a set of inputs to the set of output
b) A design notation is a symbolic representational system
c) A design heuristic is a rule proceeding guidance, with guarantee for achieving some end
d) Software design method is orderly procedure for providing software design solutions

Answer: b
Clarification: A heuristic is a rule followed but there is no guarantee that we get output.

3. Which of these describes stepwise refinement?
a) Nicklaus Wirth described the first software engineering method as stepwise refinement
b) Stepwise refinement follows its existence from 1971
c) It is a top down approach
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: It is top down approach and not bottom up.

4. What is incorrect about structural design?
a) Structural design introduced notations and heuristics
b) Structural design emphasis on procedural decomposition
c) The advantage is data flow representation
d) It follows Structure chart

Answer: c
Clarification: The biggest drawback or problem is a data flow diagram of structure design.

5. What is the solution for Structural design?
a) The specification model following data flow diagram
b) Procedures represented as bubbles
c) Specification model is structure chart showing procedure calling hierarchy and flow of data in and out of procedures
d) Emphasizing procedural decomposition

Answer: c
Clarification: It is solution to central problem. Rest others are problems.

6. Which of these are followed by the latest versions of structural design?
a) More detailed and flexible processes
b) Regular Notations
c) Wide support by CASE(Computer Aided Software Engineering)
d) Wide support by CASE, More detailed and flexible processes

Answer: d
Clarification: Notations used are more specialized and sophisticated one.

7. Which of the following is an incorrect method for structural design?
a) Transition of problem models to solution models
b) Handling of larger and more complex products
c) Designing Object oriented systems
d) More procedural approach

Answer: b
Clarification: It does not account for larger and complex products.

8. What is followed by the design task?
a) Choosing specific classes, operations
b) Checking model’s completeness
c) Following design task heuristics
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of these tasks are followed by a design task.

9. Which of this analysis are not acceptable?
a) Object oriented design is a far better approach compared to structural design
b) Object oriented design always dominates structural design
c) Object oriented design are given more preference than structural design
d) Object oriented uses more specific notations

Answer: b
Clarification: Though object oriented design is considered a far better approach but it never dominates structural approach.

10. Which of these does not represent object oriented design?
a) It follows regular procedural decomposition in favor of class and object decomposition
b) Programs are thought of collection of objects
c) Central model represents class diagrams that show the classes comprising a program and their relationships to one another
d) Object-oriented methods incorporates Structural methods

Answer: a
Clarification: It does not follow regular procedural decomposition.

Software Design online test on “Engineering Design Resolution Activities”.

1. Engineering Design Resolution Activities are traditionally divided into which of these major phases?
a) Architecture Design
b) Detailed Design
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Engineering design resolution activities are divided into two major phases mentioned here.

2. What is Architectural Design?
a) It is the activity of specifying internal elements of all major program parts, structure and relationships
b) It is the activity of specifying programs major parts, their responsibilities, properties and interfaces
c) It is the activity of specifying a program’s external structure
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Architectural design is the activity of specifying a program’s major parts, responsibilities, properties and their relationships.

3. What is Detailed Design?
a) It is the activity of specifying internal elements of all major program parts, structure and relationships
b) It is the activity of specifying programs major parts, their responsibilities, properties and interfaces
c) It is the activity of specifying a program’s external structure
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Detailed Design is the activity of specifying the internal elements of all major parts, structures, relationships, etc.

4. What is a Black box?
a) Units with internal form and exposed internal working behavior
b) Units with external form and hidden internal working behavior
c) Units with less functional behavior
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Black boxes are the units with external form and hidden internal working behavior.

5. Which of these are included in architectural design specifications?
a) Decomposition
b) Responsibilities
c) Interface
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Architectural design specification follows DeSCRIPTOR which includes interface, decomposition, responsibilities, etc.

6. Which of these are not included in architectural design specifications?
a) Collaboration
b) Relationships
c) Implementation
d) Properties

Answer: c
Clarification: Architectural design specification follows DeSCRIPTOR which includes Properties, Relationship, etc but not implementation.

7. Which of these are included in detailed design specifications?
a) Packaging and Implementation
b) Interface
c) Algorithms and Data Structures
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Detailed design specification follows DeSCRIPTOR-PAID which includes interface, packaging, implementation, data structures and algorithms etc.

8. What rule is followed by decomposition?
a) Each module must be placed in charge of certain data and activities
b) Units may have important states that affect their external observable behavior
c) Depending on the size, major parts can be divided based on range of its scope
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Decomposition states that depending on the size, major parts can be divided based on range of its scope.

9. What is rule followed by packaging and implementation?
a) Program units and their internal elements typically resides in various containers
b) The allocation of units to containers may be specified, along with the scope and visibility of program elements
c) Allocation of units are left on programmers to decide
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: packaging and implementation follows the above mentioned rules.

10. Which of the following statement is false?
a) Interface is a boundary across which entities communicate
b) Interface specification is a description f the mechanism that an entity uses to communicate with its environment
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned statements are true and not false as interface is boundary across entities and its specification is a description as mentioned.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on ” Advanced UML State diagrams”.

1. Which of the following states about concurrent region?
a) It is Concurrent composite states contain two or more concurrent state diagrams separated by dashed lines
b) The concurrent state diagrams specify finite automata that execute in parallel
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The Concurrent region is a concurrent composite states contain two or more concurrent state diagrams separated by dashed lines and specifies finite automata that execute in parallel.

2. Which of the following are the ways to make transitions into and two ways to make transitions from concurrent composite states?
a) A transition is made to the composite state boundary
b) A transition into a concurrent composite state is to make a transition directly to one of its sub-states
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: There are two ways to make transitions into and two ways to make transitions from concurrent composite states, a transition is made to the composite state boundary and the second way to make a transition into a concurrent composite state is to make a transition directly to one of its sub-state.

3. Which of the following are the ways to leave concurrent composite states?
a) Transitioning from the composite state and transitioning from individual sub-states
b) A transition from a sub-state to an external state causes the immediate exit from each concurrent automaton’s current state
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: There are two ways to leave concurrent composite states – transitioning from the composite state and transitioning from individual sub-states and a transition from a sub-state to an external state causes the immediate exit from each concurrent automaton’s current state.

4. What is a Synch state?
a) It is a counter that keeps track of transitions
b) They are represented in state diagrams by Synch state symbols, which are small circles containing either a positive integer or an asterisk, indicating the counter’s upper bound
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: A synch state is a counter that keeps track of transitions and they are represented in state diagrams by synch state symbols, which are small circles containing either a positive integer or an asterisk, indicating the counter’s upper bound.

5. Which of the following is false about Concurrent composite states?
a) Concurrent composite states simplify state diagrams by greatly reducing the number of states and transitions
b) Any set of concurrent state diagrams can be converted into an equivalent sequential state diagram, but the number of states in the sequential state diagram may be as much as the product of the number of states in each of the concurrent state diagrams
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Concurrent composite states simplify state diagrams by greatly reducing the number of states and transitions and Any set of concurrent state diagrams can be converted into an equivalent sequential state diagram, but the number of states in the sequential state diagram may be as much as the product of the number of states in each of the concurrent state diagrams.

6. What is the Transition junction point?
a) The transitions from different sources can converge to a point and transitions leaving the point symbol may disperse to different targets
b) They are several transition arrows connected using point symbols
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The transitions from different sources can converge on a transition junction point symbol and transitions leaving the transition junction, point symbol may disperse to different targets and Several transition arrows connected using transition junction point symbols are compound transitions.

7. Which of the following represents history state?
a) A history state is a pseudo-state that serves as a marker indicating that the sub-state last active when the composite state was exited should be re-entered
b) The history state indicator is a circled H
c) A history state may have a single unlabeled transition arrow emanating from it to one of its peer states
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The history state indicator is a circled capital H and rest all are true.

8. Which of the following are the heuristics for the State diagram?
a) Avoid concurrent composite states, especially those with synch states
b) Designate an initial state in every concurrent region of a concurrent composite state
c) Check that transitions to several concurrent sub-states go through a fork
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the heuristics followed by a state diagram.

9. What does “Designate an initial state in every concurrent region of a concurrent composite state” mean?
a) If there are no transitions to a concurrent composite state’s boundary, then concurrent regions do not need to have initial states
b) A transition to the composite state’s boundary could be added later, though, so initial states for each region should always be specified
c) It is legal to transition directly to more than one sub-state of a concurrent composite state without going through a fork
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: If there are no transitions to a concurrent composite state’s boundary, then concurrent regions do not need to have initial states and a transition to the composite state’s boundary could be added later, though, so initial states for each region should always be specified.

10. Why there is a need to “Check that transitions to several concurrent sub-states go through a fork”?
a) State diagrams must specify deterministic finite automata, so there can be no doubt which transition to follow under every possible circumstance
b) It is illegal to transition directly to more than one sub-state of a concurrent composite state without going through a fork
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Check that transitions to several concurrent sub-states go through a fork because it is illegal to transition directly to more than one sub-state of a concurrent composite state without going through a fork.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Architectural Structural Views”.

1. Why is Software architecture so important?
a) Communication among stakeholders
b) Early Design decisions
c) Transferable abstraction of a system
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Reasons of the architecture to be important are all the mentioned above.

2. Why is software architecture called vehicle for stakeholder communication?
a) Each stakeholder of a software system is concerned with different characteristics of the system affected by architecture
b) Architecture provides a common language in which different concerns can be expressed
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are correct.

3. Which lines depict that architecture defines constraints on an implementation?
a) An implementation exhibits an architecture if it conforms to the structural decisions described by the architecture
b) The implementation need not be divided into prescribed components
c) An implementation exhibits an architecture if it conforms to the structural decisions described by the architecture and the implementation must be divided into prescribed components
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: An implementation exhibits an architecture if it conforms to the structural decisions described by the architecture, the implementation must be divided into prescribed components.

4. Why does architecture dictates organizational structure?
a) Architecture describes the structure of the system being developed which becomes engraved in the development project structure
b) An implementation exhibits an architecture if it conforms to the structural decisions described by the architecture
c) Architecture may not describe structure as whole
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Architecture describes the structure of the system being developed which becomes engraved in the development project structure.

5. Which of the following is right dependence relationship?
a) Performance depends on how strongly components are coupled with other components in system
b) Re-usability depends on the volume and complexity of the inter-component communication and coordination
c) Modifiability depends on system’s modularization
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Performance depends on the volume and complexity of the inter-component communication and coordination, re-usability depends on how strongly components are coupled with other components in system and modifiability depends on system’s modularization.

6. Which of the following is correct for decisions made at life cycle level?
a) Decisions at all level of like cycle from high level design to coding, implementation affect system quality
b) Decisions at all level of like cycle from high level design to coding, implementation may or may not affect system quality
c) Decisions at all level of like cycle from high level design to coding,implementation does not affect system quality
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Decisions at all level of like cycle from high level design to coding, implementation affect system quality.

7. Is it possible to make quality predictions about a system based solely on evaluation of its architecture?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Yes it is possible to make quality predictions about a system based solely on evaluation of its architecture.

8. Every possible architecture partition possible changes into which of the following categories?
a) Local
b) Non Local
c) Architectural
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true.

9. Which change is accomplished by modifying a single component?
a) A local change
b) Non Local Change
c) Architectural change
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A local change is accomplished by modifying a single component.

10. An architecture help in evolutionary prototyping in which of the following ways?
a) Potential performance problem can be identified early in the product’s life cycle
b) The system is executable early in the product’s life cycle
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All the mentioned are the valid ways.

11. Which of the following are software structures?
a) Module Structure
b) Conceptual or logical structure
c) Process structure
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the valid structures.

12. Which structure describes units as abstraction of system’s functional requirements?
a) Conceptual structure
b) Module structure
c) Physical structure
d) Calls structure

Answer: a
Clarification: Conceptual structure-describes units as abstraction of system’s functional requirements.

13. Which structure’s view is orthogonal to the module and conceptual view?
a) Module Structure
b) Process Structure
c) Uses Structure
d) Data flow

Answer: b
Clarification: Process Structure-view is orthogonal to the module and conceptual view.

14. Which structure’s view shows the mapping of software onto hardware?
a) Module Structure
b) Process Structure
c) Physical Structure
d) Class Structure

Answer: c
Clarification: Physical Structure- view shows the mapping of software onto hardware.

15. Which structure describes units are programs or module?
a) Calls Structure
b) Uses Structure
c) Data Flow
d) Control Flow

Answer: d
Clarification: Control Flow-structure describes units are programs or module.