Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Architectural Design”.

1. Why does architectural design occurs during product design?
a) Stakeholders must convinced that their needs will be met, which may be difficult without demonstrating how the engineers plan to build the product
b) Product designers must judge the feasibility of their designs
c) Project planners must have some idea about what software must be built to create schedules and allocate resources
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned factors are reason for the occurrence of architectural design during product design.

2. What kind of investments does organization have in order to make most of by the software architects in their design?
a) Libraries
b) Standards and guidelines
c) Software tools
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Organizations investment such as libraries, standards and guidelines, software tools, and people with particular skills that software architects are expected to make the most of during its design.

3. Which of the following is true?
a) The input of architectural design process is SAD
b) The output of architectural design process is SRS
c) The input of architectural design process is SRS
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The input of architectural design process is SRS and its output is SAD.

4. Which of these steps are followed in architectural design process?
a) Analyze SRS
b) Evaluate Candidate Architectures
c) Select architecture and finalize architecture
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned steps are followed in architectural design process.

5. Which of these are the content for SAD?
a) Product Overview
b) Architectural Models
c) Architectural design rationale
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Contents of SRS includes product overview, architectural models, architectural design rationale, mapping between models.

6. Which of these are included in the product overview for SAD?
a) product vision, assumptions, constraints
b) product scope
c) target markets, business requirements
d) product vision, assumptions, constraints, target markets & business requirements

Answer: d
Clarification: Product overview includes product vision, assumptions, constraints, target markets and business requirements.

7. Which amount the following is correct?
a) Architectural models explains the main design decisions made in arriving the architecture
b) Architectural design rationale presents architecture, using variety of models to represent different aspects or views
c) Mapping between models says sometimes it is difficult to connect different architectural models
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The incorrect statements are architectural modes presents architecture, using variety of models to represent different aspects or views and Architectural design rationale explains the main design decisions made in arriving the architecture.

8. What are the categories in which quality attributes are divided in?
a) Development Attributes
b) Operational Attributes
c) Functional Attributes
d) Development & Operational Attributes

Answer: d
Clarification: Quality attributes are divided into two major categories development and operational attributes.

9. Which of these comes under development attribute?
a) Maintainability
b) Reusability
c) Performance
d) Maintainability & Reusability

Answer: d
Clarification: Maintainability, Reusability comes under Development attributes.

10. Which of these comes under operational attributes?
a) Performance
b) Availability
c) Reliability
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned comes under operational attributes.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Operation Specification”.

1. What is operation specification and what does it include?
a) Specification of an operation’s responsibilities and interface can be collected in one place, in structured
b) It includes Class or Module, Signatures, Descriptions
c) It includes Behavior, Implementation
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Specification of an operation’s responsibilities and interface can be collected in one place is called operation specification, and It includes Class or Module, Signatures, Descriptions, Behavior, Implementation.

2. What is Signature?
a) The operation’s class (in object-oriented designs) or module (in non-object-oriented designs)
b) The operation name, the names and types of its parameters,and its return type
c) A sentence or two informally stating the operation’s responsibilities
d) A detailed description of the algorithm and data structures used to implement this operation

Answer: b
Clarification: A signature is operation name, the names and types of its parameters, and its return type.

3. What is procedural specification?
a) A behavior description that does not use an algorithm
b) An algorithmic behavior description
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: A behavior description that does not use an algorithm is called a declarative specification and algorithmic behavior description is called a procedural specification.

4. Declarative specifications are preferable for which of the following reasons?
a) Declarative specifications are more abstract because they ignore implementation details, and consequently they are more concise than procedural specifications
b) Declarative specifications focus on an operation’s interface, making it clearer how an operation interacts with its callers
c) Procedural specifications may bias programmers toward the implementation used in the specification
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Declarative specifications are preferable because of all of the mentioned reasons.

5. What is true with respect to operation contract?
a) It is a binding agreement between two or more parties
b) They usually state each party’s rights and obligations
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All the mentioned statements are true with respect to operation contract.

6. What is precondition?
a) It is an assertion that must be true at the initiation of an operation
b) It is an assertion that must be true upon completion of an operation
c) It is a statement that must be true at a designated point in a program
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A precondition is an assertion that must be true at the initiation of an operation and A post condition is an assertion that must be true upon completion of an operation.

7. Which of the following is incorrect?
a) The postconditions express the caller’s obligations and the called operation’s rights
b) The preconditions express the caller’s rights and the called operation’s obligations
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The preconditions express the caller’s obligations and the called operation’s rights and The postconditions express the caller’s rights and the called operation’s obligations.

8. What is Class Invariant?
a) A class invariant is an assertion that must be true of any class instance between calls of its exported operations
b) Class invariants must be established by class constructors
c) Class invariants must be preserved by every exported operation in the class
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned depicts class invariant.

9. Which of the following are post condition heuristics?
a) Specify restrictions on parameters
b) Specify conditions that must have been established
c) Specify empty preconditions as true or none
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are precondition heuristics.

10. Which of the following are class invariant heuristics?
a) Specify restrictions on attributes
b) Specify restrictions on parameters
c) Specify relationships between the parameters and the results
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Class invariant heuristics-Specify restrictions on attributes and Specify relationships among attributes.

Software Architecture Questions and Answers for Entrance exams on “System Quality Attributes Not Discernable At Runtime”.

1. Which of the following factors are not discernable by run-time?
a) Modifiability
b) Portability
c) Reusability
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are factors not discernable by run-time.

2. What is Modifiabiliy?
a) It is ability to make changes quickly and cost effectively follows directly from architecture
b) Modifiability is largely a function of locality of any change
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Modifiability is ability to make changes quickly and cost effectively follows directly from architecture and it is largely a function of locality of any change.

3. Modifications to a system often flow from changes in the business needs of the owing organization is categorized in which of the following?
a) Extending or changing capabilities
b) Deleting unwanted capabilities
c) Adapting to new operating environment
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned factors are categorized correctly.

4. What is Portability?
a) It is ability of system to run into different environments
b) It is ability of system to confined to one environment
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Portability- It is ability of system to run into different environments.

5. What is reuability?
a) Designing such that system’s structure or some of its components can be reused again in future applications
b) Reusability is related to software architecture in that architectural components are the units of reuse
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for reusability.

6. What is Integrability?
a) It is ability to make the separately developed component of the system to work correctly together
b) It is ease with which software can be made to demonstrate faults
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Integrability-It is ability to make the separately developed component of the system to work correctly together.

7. What is Testability?
a) It is ability of system to run into different environments
b) It is ease with which software can be made to demonstrate faults
c) It is ability to make the separately developed component of the system to work correctly together
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Testability-It is ease with which software can be made to demonstrate faults.

8. Which concepts is testability related to?
a) Observability
b) Controllability
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Testability is related to observability and controllability.

9. What is true for a system to be proper testable?
a) It must be possible to control each components internal state and then observe its output
b) It must be possible to control each components output and then observe its internal state
c) it may or may not be possible to control each components internal state and then observe its output
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: It must be possible to control each components internal state and then observe its output.

10. Which of the following are the several architectural issues for system’s testability?
a) Its level of architectural documentation
b) Its separation of concerns
c) The degree to which the system uses information hiding
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true issues for system’s testability.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Architectural Description Language”.

1. Which of the following are considered during Systems construction?
a) What are the components?
b) Are components modules that exist only at design time but are compiles together before run-time
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the factors to be considered during system constructions.

2. Which of the following are the reasons for the importance of architecture?
a) Mutual Communication
b) Embodiment of early design decisions suitable for analysis
c) Transferable abstraction of system
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the reasons for the importance of architecture.

3. How would ADL(Architecture Description Language) enhance communication?
a) Both author and reader of the architecture description would share a common understanding
b) Saving time spent asking clarifying questions about drawing
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: ADL(Architecture Description Language) enhance communication because Both author and reader of the architecture description would share a common understanding, saving time spent asking clarifying questions about drawing.

4. Which of the following support the difference between Architecture Language and Requirement language?
a) Architecture language describes about problem spaces
b) Requirement language describes solution space
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Architecture language describes about solution space and Requirement language describes problem spaces.

5. Which of the following support the difference between Architecture Language and Modelling language?
a) Architecture language describes about problem spaces
b) Modelling language are more concerned with the behaviors of the whole
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Modelling language are more concerned with the behaviors of the whole whereas Architecture language describes about solution space.

6. Mainstream ADLs provides which of the following?
a) Abstraction
b) Structures
c) Analysis capabilities
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: ADLs provides with all of the mentioned.

7. Which of the following is common for most of the ADLs?
a) They are feature in graphical syntax
b) They provide features for modelling distributed systems
c) They handle data flow
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are common for most of the ADLs.

8. Which of the following is false?
a) ADLs differ markedly in their ability to handle real time constructs
b) ADLs vary in their ability to support the specification of particular architectural styles
c) ADLs do not widely vary in their ability to support analysis
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: ADLs vary widely in their ability to support analysis.

9. Which of the following is true?
a) Nearly all ADLs can represent pipe and filter architecture
b) ADLs differ in their ability to handle variability
c) ADLs vary in their ability to support the specification of particular architectural styles
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true.

10. Which of the following are minimal set of requirements for a language to be an ADL?
a) An ADL must support the tasks of architecture creation and refinement
b) An ADL must provide the ability to provide structures of the system
c) An ADL must support either an analytical capability based on architecture description
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are minimal set of requirements for a language to be an ADL.

Software Architecture Questions and Answers for Freshers on “Standards II”.

1. Which of the following is correct?
a) International body of community is made up of ISO and IEC
b) International body of community is made up of ISO and ANSI
c) International body of community is made up of IEEE and ANSI
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: International body of community is made up of ISO and IEC.

2. Which among the following is another important force at work in determining the results of pursuing an open systems approach?
a) Conformance
b) Marketplace
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Marketplace is another important force at work in determining the results of pursuing an open systems approach.

3. Which of the following is true with respect to the marketplace?
a) Individual vendors sell products that do necessarily implement specific standards
b) Users on the other hand never let what is available in the marketplace to determine what they choose to buy
c) Individual vendors sell products that do not necessarily implement any standards
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Individual vendors sell products that do not necessarily implement any standards.

4. Which of the following is true for standard driven marketplace?
a) Vendors and users work together to define the standards
b) Vendors commit to the standards by conforming products
c) Users commit to the standards by using them to guide their purchases
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for standard driven marketplace.

5. Which of the following is correct for the marketplace?
a) When designing a system,wanting to conform to a standard will guarantee interoperability
b) Waiting for standards to be produced will certainly not increase time to market
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: When designing a system,wanting to conform to a standard will not guarantee interoperability and Waiting for standards to be produced will certainly increase time to market.

6. Which of the following are true for selecting ans profiling standards?
a) The art of choosing your standard starts with market research
b) To select the standards to use, one has to categorize them
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true.

7. What is profile?
a) A profile is a standard distribution and allocation for the proper selection procedure
b) A profile is a set of one or more standards and where applicable, the identification of chosen classes and parameters of those standards
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: A profile is a set of one or more standards and where applicable, the identification of chosen classes and parameters of those standards.

8. Which of the following is is correct?
a) Open systems emphasizes only on the interface specification needed to be standards
b) Open systems emphasizes only on component implementation needed to properly implement those standards
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Open systems emphasizes not only on the interface specification needed to be standards but also emphasizes only on component implementation needed to properly implement those standards.

9. Which of the following does conformance deals with?
a) Fidelity with which an implementation meets the standard
b) It is an action or behavior in correspondence with current customs
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are dealed by conformance.

10. Which of the following are the limitations of standards?
a) The risk of using accredited standards is that they will not respond fast enough
b) Standards may not address all of their needs of concerns
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the limitations of standards.

11. Which among the following are the main roots of international standard community?
a) ISO
b) IEC
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the main roots of international standard community.

12. Which of the following are the national standards?
a) Consortia
b) ISO
c) ANSI
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: ANSI belongs to national standards.

13. Which of the following are related specific groups which are included in Asian national standards?
a) ANSI
b) IEEE
c) JTC1
d) Consortia

Answer: d
Clarification: Consortia is included in specific groups included under Asian national standards.

14. Which of the following comes under ANSI?
a) X3
b) IEEE
c) NIST
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are included under ANSI.

15. Which of the following are a part of JTC1?
a) ANSI
b) ISO and IEC
c) European standards
d) ANSI & European standards

Answer: d
Clarification: ANSI and European standards are part of JTC1.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Project Mission Statement”.

1. What among these takes a project mission statement as its input?
a) Generic Software Product Design
b) Generic Software Engineering Design
c) Generic Software Product & Engineering Design
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Software Product design input is project mission statement.

2. The design process where project mission statement is the input what will be its output?
a) Final design document
b) SRS
c) Product plan
d) Design document

Answer: b
Clarification: The design process is a generic software product design whose output is SRS.

3. Which of these are known as Project mission statement?
a) Business case document
b) Project charter
c) Project brief
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The project mission statement can be addressed by all of these.

4. What is the project mission statement?
a) It is a document that defines development project’s goal
b) It is a document that specifies project’s limits
c) It is a document that defines development project’s goal & specifies project’s limits
d) It is a document which specifies project mission

Answer: c
Clarification: The correct definition of project mission statement includes both.

5. The important roles followed by the project mission statement?
a) Launching a development project
b) Stating the software design problem
c) Both Launching a development project & Stating the software design problem
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The important roles include both activities.

6. Which of these is not a part of the project mission template?
a) Introduction
b) Product vision and project scope
c) Business requirements
d) Functional requirements

Answer: d
Clarification: It is a part of SRS and not project mission template.

7. Which of the following statement is correct?
a) Assumption is any factor that limits developers
b) Constraint is something that developers take it as granted
c) Constraint is a restriction on the solution
d) Assumption is drawback of the problem

Answer: c
Clarification: Rest all are false, Assumption is something that developers may take advantage for,
Constraint is any factor that limits developers,
Assumptions are feature of problem.

8. Which of these steps is not in sequence with project mission statement?
i. Introduction
ii. Target Markets
iii. Product vision and scope
iv. Business requirements
a) i and ii
b) ii and iii
c) ii and iv
d) iii and iv

Answer: b
Clarification: Product vision and scope is second step to be followed.

9. Which of these are true for product vision and project scope?
a) Product vision is general description of product’s purpose and form
b) Project vision is work to be done in a project
c) Project scope is general description of product’s purpose and form
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Only first definition is true rest all are incorrect.

10. Which among these is not a stakeholder?
a) Manager
b) Marketing person
c) User
d) Audience not a part of software who does not follow or has any concerns about software

Answer: d
Clarification: A stakeholder is anyone affected by product.