Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Design MCQs on “Evaluating and Selecting Software Architectures”.

1. Which of the following is associated with scenario?
a) Product
b) Particular individual
c) Use case Instances
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Scenario is the interaction between product, particular individuals and use case instances.

2. What is the heuristic for scenario description?
a) Label each scenario with descriptive phase
b) Write simple declarative sentences that may or may not be in active form
c) Make a principle in the interaction in the subject of each sentence describing the activity flow
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Write simple declarative sentence in active form is the correct heuristic for scenario description.

3. Which are the ways in which scenarios can be described?
a) Scenario begin when product and environment are in initial state
b) Consists of activity flow involving product and some individuals
c) Conclude with product and some individuals in a final state
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Scenarios are described in three formats which are mentioned above.

4. Software architectures can be evaluated using which of these?
a) Scenarios
b) Prototyping
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Software architecture can be evaluated using scenarios and prototypes.

5. What is a profile?
a) A profile is a set of scenarios
b) A profile is used to evaluate whether a product is likely to meet its requirement
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: A profile is a set of scenarios that are used to evaluate whether a product is likely to meet its requirements.

6. Which of the following is true about utility tree?
a) A tree whose sub trees are scenarios
b) A tree whose leaves are profiles
c) A tree whose root is constructed with label utility
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: A utility tree is a tree whose sub trees are profiles and leaves scenarios and whose root is label with utility.

7. Which of these includes the methods to fill scenario below each profile name?
a) Brain storm scenario for the profile, recording each suggestion using brief descriptive phrase
b) Rationalize the list, Combining similar scenarios
c) Weight each scenario according to its importance
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned steps are followed to include scenario below profile name.

8. How are Architectural alternatives evaluated using Scenarios?
a) Walking through
b) Utility tree
c) Requirement database
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Architectural alternatives evaluated with scenarios using utility tree.

9. What principles does prototype and scenario aim at addressing?
a) Principle of Feasibility, Economy
b) Principle of Adequacy, Changeability
c) Principle of Adaptability, Reliability
d) Principle of Feasibility, Economy, adequacy, changeability

Answer: d
Clarification: Prototype and Scenario aims at addressing principles of feasibility, economy, adequacy, changeability.

10. Which are the main selecting techniques for architectural alternatives?
a) Pros and Cons
b) Multidimensional Ranking
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: There are two main techniques for selecting architectural alternatives as mentioned.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Collection Iterator Pattern”.

1. Which of the following are considered as Mid Level design patterns?
a) Iterator Pattern
b) Collection Pattern
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are mid level design pattern.

2. Which of the following can be included as the collection?
a) A Set
b) List
c) Array
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Collection includes a set, list, array, table and so forth.

3. What does collection iteration means?
a) It is iteration over the collection
b) Traversal and access of each element in a collection
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Collection iteration is traversal and access of each element in a collection and is also known as iteration over collection.

4. Which among these are the iteration control facilities?
a) Initialize
b) Information Hiding
c) Multiple iterations
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Iteration control facilities includes initialize, Access Control, Advance current element, Completion test.

5. Which of these are necessary requirements for Iteration mechanism?
a) Initialize
b) Completion Test
c) Information Hiding
d) Access Current

Answer: c
Clarification: Iteration mechanism necessary requirements includes information hiding and multiple simultaneous iteration.

6. Which of these prepare iteration mechanism for next traversal?
a) initialize
b) Information Hiding
c) Advance current Test
d) Flexibility

Answer: a
Clarification: Initialize prepares the iteration mechanism for next traversal.

7. Which of the possibilities for where an iteration mechanism resides?
a) Programming Language
b) Collection
c) Iterator
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: There are three possibilities for iteration mechanism are programming language, Collection, Iterator.

8. Interface control mechanism can work in which of these ways?
a) Internal
b) External
c) Peripheral
d) Internal & External

Answer: d
Clarification: Interface control mechanism works internal as well a external.

9. An iteration mechanism which provides collection element as directed by the client?
a) Internal
b) External
c) Collection
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: An internal iteration mechanism provides with collection element directed by the client.

10. Which of the following is true about built-in internal iteration control mechanism?
a) The client must process for each collection iteration and give it to the iteration mechanism
b) The iteration mechanism then traverses the collection applies the processing package
c) Lack of flexibility is the biggest drawback
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned statements are true with respect to the internal iteration control mechanism.

11. Which of the following is true about built-in external iteration control mechanism?
a) The collection might provide with the following operations to control iterations- reset,get next,has More
b) Reset initializes the iteration
c) Get Next obtains the current value and the advance to the next element
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned statements are true with respect to the built-in external iteration control mechanism.

12. Placing the iteration mechanism in iterators separate from collection must satisfy which of the following?
a) Multiple Simultaneous Iterations
b) Collection Interface Simplicity
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the necessary condition to be satisfied.

13. Which of the following is not correct regarding Multiple simultaneous iterations?
a) Each iterator can be responsible for managing one traversal of its associated collection independently of all other iterators
b) Clients can then use several iterators at once to traversal the iterations in various ways simultaneously
c) The iteration control interface is in iterator and not the collection
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Collection interface simplicity include iteration collection interface in iterator and not in collection.

14. Which of the following is correct about Collection interface simplicity?
a) Each iterator can be responsible for managing one traversal of its associated collection independently of all other iterators
b) Clients can then use several iterators at once to traversal the iterations in various ways simultaneously
c) The iteration control interface is in iterator and not the collection
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Collection interface simplicity include iteration collection interface in iterator and not in collection rest others belongs to multiple simultaneous iterations.

15. An iteration mechanism is able to tolerate changes to its associated collection only when collection meets which of the following?
a) Fault Tolerance
b) Iteration Termination
c) Complete Traversal
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned requirements meets collection for an iteration mechanism to tolerate change.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Refinement of Styles”.

1. Which of the following is correct?
a) Use of arbitrary topology makes modification of system less difficult
b) Use of arbitrary topology makes modification of system more difficult
c) Use of arbitrary topology may or may not make modification of system more difficult
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Use of arbitrary topology makes modification of system more difficult.

2. Use of arbitrary topology makes modification of system more difficult because of which of the following?
a) Interaction among components are constrained
b) Interaction among components are not constrained
c) Interaction among components may or may not be constrained
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Use of arbitrary topology makes modification of system more difficult because interaction among components are constrained.

3. The variations of the pipe and filter styles are as follows?
a) System without feedback loops or cycles
b) Pipelines
c) System with only fan out components
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the variations of the pipe and filter styles.

4. What is the other name for Pipelines?
a) Acyclic
b) Linear
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Other name of pipeline is Linear.

5. All of the following styles- acyclic, linear, fan out comprises of which of the family?
a) Data Flow Network
b) Data Center Network
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: All of the following styles-acyclic, linear, fan out comprise of data flow family of network.

6. Refinement of styles can be done of which of the following types?
a) Refining the communicating Processes style
b) Refining the data flow style
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Refinement of styles can be done by Refining the communicating Processes style and Refining the data flow style.

7. Communication process are used to achieve goal of?
a) Modifiability and Portability
b) Reusability and Portability
c) Modifiability and Scalability
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Communication process are used to achieve goal of Modifiability and Scalability.

8. Which of the following constraints block the achievement of goals?
a) Performance
b) Configuration
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Performance and Configuration constraints block the achievement of goals.

9. Refinement in communication process style can be achieved by which of the following methods?
a) One-Way Data Flow Through Network of Filters
b) Requests and Replies between clients and servers
c) Probes and echoes in the graphs
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Refinement in communication process style can be achieved by all of the mentioned methods.

10. What is Probe?
a) A probe is a message sent by process to a set of successors
b) A probe is a reply
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Probe is a message sent by process to a set of successors.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Exploiting Patterns in Software Architecture”.

1. Which of the following are true for pattern?
a) It is a small collection of atomic units
b) They are ubiquitous throughout software development
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true.

2. Patterns are mostly used in which of the following?
a) Design in large
b) Design in Small
c) Coding
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are used for patterns.

3. Which of the following can a pattern operate on?
a) Emphasize the solutions
b) Identify and name abstract
c) Provide a target for recognition
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the ways in which a pattern can operate.

4. What does emphasizing solution actually mean for patterns to operate?
a) Discovering patterns rather than inventing them
b) Serves as exemplars to programmers
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Emphasizing solution means discovering patterns rather than inventing them.

5. Which of the factors make a pattern portable?
a) Creating instances of some appropriate resource at run time
b) Presentation of two different user interface tool-kits
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned factors can be considered to make a pattern portable.

6. When there is a need to implement strategy pattern?
a) When a single task is implemented in variety of ways
b) When it is dependent on nature of inputs
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned ways are used to implement strategy pattern.

7. Which of the following is used in Decorator design pattern?
a) Broder Wrapper
b) Scroll Wrapper
c) Text View
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are used in Decorator design pattern.

8. Which of the following is strategy pattern dependent on?
a) Scalability
b) Modifiability
c) Portability
d) Modifiability & Portability

Answer: d
Clarification: Strategy pattern is dependent on modifiability and portability.

9. Which of the following is for factory method behavioral characteristic?
a) Interpreter
b) Template method
c) Iterator
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Interpreter and Template method are for factory method.

10. How does a use of template allowed in components simplify things?
a) Reliability is enhanced
b) Coding time is increased
c) Testing is more complexed
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A template can enhance reliability, reduce coding time and simplify testing.

11. How is reliability enhanced when a template is allowed in component?
a) Once the template is incorrect, then templatized portion of every using component is correct
b) Once the template is correct, then templatized portion of every using component is correct
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Once the template is correct, then templatized portion of every using component is correct.

12. How is Testing simplified when a template is allowed in component?
a) Each component has a standard structure
b) Each component has a complex structure
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Testing is simplified when a template is allowed in component because each component has a standard structure that all paths testing can exploit.

13. How is Flexibility enhanced when a template is allowed in the component?
a) Conforming components are largely interchangeable
b) Conforming components are not largely interchangeable
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Flexibility is enhanced when a template is allowed in component because conforming component are largely interchangeable.

Software Design Questions and Answers for Entrance exams on “Evaluating and Selecting Requirements”.

1. What considerations should be accounted for while evaluating requirements?
a) The degree to which the alternative meets stakeholder needs
b) The priority of the needs met
c) The quality of the alternative with respect to basic principles of product design
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the considerations are to be followed while evaluation of requirements.

2. Stakeholders can be involved in evaluating design alternatives in what ways?
a) Stakeholder surveys
b) Usability Studies
c) None of the mentioned
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Both of the choices are different ways in which stakeholder can contribute.

3. Which of these does not belong to the basic principles of good product design?
a) Adequacy
b) Feasibility
c) Portability
d) Economy

Answer: c
Clarification: Portability is not a part of good product design.

4. Which is incorrect among the following choices?
a) Adequacy – Design that meets more stakeholder needs, subject to constraints, are better
b) Feasibility – Simpler designs are better
c) Beauty – Beautiful designs are better
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Feasibility : A design is acceptable only if it is realized.

5. Selection of candidate requirements can be made by which parties?
a) Stakeholders
b) Designers
c) Testers
d) Stakeholders & Designers

Answer: d
Clarification: Parties like stakeholders and designers follow selection procedure.

6. Techniques for selecting alternative requirements?
a) Stakeholder participation
b) Crucial expectation
c) Multidimensional ranking
d) Pros and Cons

Answer: a
Clarification: Stakeholder participation is not a technique.

7. Which of these are included in the multidimensional ranking?
a) It includes scoring matrix
b) It provides objective base for making the selection
c) Alternative receives weighted scores for each selection criterion
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All choices are included in the multidimensional ranking

8. What is false about pros and cons technique?
a) Selectors list each alternatives advantages and disadvantages
b) Technique is slow and not easy to use
c) Selection is made by consensus or vote
d) The results depends more on the persuasiveness of individual team member than on the objective quality of alternative designs

Answer: b
Clarification: Technique is fast and easy to use.

9. What is the scoring matrix?
a) Scoring matrix are included in pros and cons
b) Scoring matrix evaluates based on numerical data
c) Scoring matrix is a table showing alternative requirements in columns and weighted selection criteria in the rows
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Choice c is true rest all are false.

10. Which of the following statement is not true?
a) Once alternative requirements have been selected for inclusion in the design solution, they can be prioritized in case some must later be thrown out or deferred
b) Multidimensional ranking can be done using scoring matrices
c) Either of Stakeholders or designers can select alternative requirements
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Stakeholders, designers, even both can select alternative requirements.

Software Design Multiple Choice Questions on “Finalizing Software Architecture”.

1. What are the characteristics does a good SAD consist of?
a) Consistency, Feasibility, Adequacy
b) Completeness, Well-formedness
c) Reliability, Usability
d) Consistency, Feasibility, Adequacy, Completeness, Well-formedness

Answer: d
Clarification: A good SAD consists of Feasibility, Adequacy, Clarity, Completeness, Consistency, well-formedness.

2. Which of these has to be followed for a design to be feasible?
a) The software architects must investigate their design thoroughly to ensure that it can be implemented
b) The software architecture must specifies a program that, when built, can meet its requirements subject to constraints
c) The software architecture notations should be used properly
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: For a Design to be feasible the software architects must investigate their design thoroughly to ensure that it can be implemented.

3. Which of these has to be followed for a design to be consistent?
a) The software architecture must specifies a program that, when built, can meet its requirements subject to constraints
b) The software architecture notations should be used properly
c) A single program that can satisfy them all
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: A design is consistent if a single program that can satisfy all.

4. What is a Review?
a) It is an examination of a work product by qualified individuals
b) It is an evaluation of a work process by qualified teams
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: A review is an examination and evaluation of a work product or process by qualified individuals or teams.

5. Which of these are subcategories for a review?
a) Desk Check
b) Walk Through
c) Audit
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A review is further classified as Desk-check, Walk-through, Audit and Active review.

6. What is an Active review?
a) It is a review conducted by experts who are not members of the design team
b) It is an informal presentation to a team of reviewers
c) It is an examination by experts who answer questions about specific aspects of the design
d) It is an assessment of a design by the designer

Answer: c
Clarification: An active review is an examination by experts who answer questions about specific aspects of the design.

7. Which of the options are true for an Active review?
a) Active design reviews were developed to remedy problems with traditional reviews
b) The review preparation phase begins with the activity Identify Review Goals, during which the designers choose a specific aspect of the software architecture that they would like to have reviewed
c) Active review is an examination by experts who answer questions about specific aspects of the design
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Active review follows all the above mentioned statements.

8. What are the different stages included in Active design review?
a) Identify review goals
b) Choose Reviewers
c) Study Reviews
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The Active design review follows all the mentioned steps.

9. What are the different activities for an active review process?
a) Review Preparation
b) Review Performance
c) Review Completion
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The different activities for an active review process includes all of the above mentioned.

10. Which of the following are true with reference to active review?
a) The review performance phase begins when the designers and reviewers Hold an Overview Meeting
b) The designers Study Reviews during the review completion phase
c) Reviews can and should be used during the entire architectural design process to help catch defects as soon as possible
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the statements are true with reference to Active reviews.