Category: Software Architecture & Design Objective Questions

Software Design Assessment Questions and Answers on “Specifying Software Architectures”.

1. Which among these are the notations which are used to represent software architecture?
a) UML activity diagram
b) UML use case diagram
c) UML class diagram, Interaction diagram
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of these are the notations which are used to represent software architectures.

2. Which of these notations are followed under type of specification as decomposition?
a) Box and line diagrams
b) State diagrams
c) Sequence and communication Diagrams
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Under the type Decomposition notations used are Box and line diagram, Class diagram, Package Diagram, Component diagram.

3. Which of the following are true?
a) A unit’s responsibilities are usually indicated by various connections and by the respective names
b) A unit’s relationships are usually indicated in part by its name and in part by the symbols used to represent it in various diagrams
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: A units responsibilities are indicated in part by its name and in part by the symbols used to represent it in various diagrams whereas a units relationship is indicated by various connections and by the respective names.

4. Interface specification as descriptions of communication includes which of the following?
a) Syntax
b) Semantics
c) Pragmatics
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Interface specification as descriptions of communication includes syntax, semantics, pragmatics.

5. Which of the following is false about interface specifications?
a) The syntax of communication specifies the elements of medium and the ways they may be combined to form legitimate messages
b) The semantics of a communication medium specify the meaning of messages
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned statements are true and so no false statements can be extracted.

6. Which of the following is true?
a) A precondition is an assertion must be true at the completion of an activity
b) A post condition is an assertion must be true at the initiation of an activity
c) An interface specification should cover syntax, semantics, pragmatics of communication between module and its environment
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The correct statement of the incorrect ones are A precondition is an assertion must be true at the initiation of an activity whereas a post condition is an assertion must be true at the completion of an activity.

7. What is true about scenarios?
a) Scenarios was defined as specific interaction between product and particular individuals that instantiates a use case
b) Scenarios for quality attributes are specific interaction between a program and entity, including developers and maintainers
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All the mentioned statements are true in context to scenarios.

8. What does box and line diagram signify?
a) The boxes in the diagram refer to the interaction relationship between components
b) The line in the diagram refer to the software or data store components
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All the mentioned are false correct one are, The boxes diagram refer to the software or data store components and The line in the diagram refer to the interaction relationship between components.

9. Which of these signifies the heuristics of Architectural specifications?
a) Write good technical prose when specifying architectures
b) Use a template to specify interface
c) Keep boxes and line simple
d) Use a template to specify interface & Write good technical prose when specifying architectures

Answer: d
Clarification: Keep boxes and line simple are the heuristic for box and line diagram and not for architectural specification

10. Which of these signifies the heuristics of Box and Line diagram?
a) Make the box and lines simple
b) Use symbol consistently in different diagram
c) Use a template to specify interface
d) Make the box and lines simple & Use symbol consistently in different diagram

Answer: d
Clarification: Use a template to specify interface is a heuristic for architectural specification.

Software Design Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced people on “Algorithm and Data Structure Specification”.

1. Algorithms may be stated in an operation specification for which of the following reasons?
a) An algorithm may be stated to provide a procedural specification of the operation’s behavior
b) An algorithm may be stated to specify that the algorithm is to be used in the implementation
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Algorithms may be stated in an operation specification for two reasons An algorithm may be stated to provide a procedural specification of the operation’s behavior and An algorithm may be stated to specify that the algorithm is to be used in the implementation.

2. What is minispec?
a) It is a step-by-step description of how an operation transforms its inputs to outputs
b) Calls to other operations may be included in minispec
c) They are more often written in a pseudo code language
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: They are more often written in a pseudo code language.

3. Figure out the incorrect statements for pseudo code?
a) Pseudo code is English augmented with programming language constructs
b) It offers much of the ease and power of expression of English together with the precision of a programming language
c) There are many versions of pseudo code and no widely accepted standard
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned statement for pseudo code are correct.

4. What are Abstract Data Type?
a) They are a set of values and operations for manipulating those values
b) They are a scheme for storing values in computer memory
c) Arrays, stacks, queues, lists, and trees are all examples of abstract data types
d) They are a set of values and operations for manipulating those values, Arrays, stacks, queues, lists, and trees are all examples of abstract data types

Answer: d
Clarification: Data Structure is a scheme for storing values in computer memory and rest other are true.

5. Data structures generally employ which of the following implementation strategies?
a) Contiguous Implementation
b) Linked Implementation
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Data structures generally employ two implementation strategies- Contiguous Implementation and Linked Implementation.

6. What is Linked Implementation?
a) Values are stored in adjacent memory cells
b) Values are not necessarily stored in adjacent memory cells and are accessed using pointers or references
c) Values are not stored in adjacent memory cells
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Linked Implementation-Values are not necessarily stored in adjacent memory cells and are accessed using pointers or references.

7. What is data structure diagram?
a) A simple graphical notation is traditionally used to depict data structures
b) It is a scheme for storing values in computer memory
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A simple graphical notation is traditionally used to depict data structures are data structure diagram and a data structure is a scheme for storing values in computer memory.

8. The contiguous structures stores record in which of the field location?
a) The left subtree
b) The right subtrees
c) The node
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: The contiguous structures are records with three fields storing pointers to the left and right subtrees and the data stored at the node.

9. What is a Reference denoted by?
a) They to memory cells are represented by pointer arrows originating in the memory cell rectangles
b) A dot represents the null pointer
c) They are represented by connecting disjoint collections of arrays or records with pointer arrows
d) They to memory cells are represented by pointer arrows originating in the memory cell rectangles & dot represents the null pointer

Answer: d
Clarification: References or pointers to memory cells are represented by pointer arrows originating in the memory cell rectangles. A dot represents the null pointer or reference and Linked data structure implementations are represented by connecting disjoint collections of arrays or records with pointer arrows.

10. Which of the following are the heuristics for data structure diagram?
a) Label record fields only once
b) Use ellipses to simplify large, repetitive structures
c) Draw linked structures so that the pointers point down the page or from left to right
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the heuristics for data structure diagram.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Business Qualities”.

1. What are the main aspects of business qualities?
a) Cost
b) Schedule
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Cost and schedule are the two main aspect.

2. Which of the following are the concerns for business cost and schedule?
a) Time to Market
b) Target Market
c) Extensive use of legacy system
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Rest others are market and marketing considerations.

3. Which of the following are the concerns for market and marketing considerations?
a) Targeted Market
b) Cost
c) Projected lifetime of the system
d) Time to the market

Answer: a
Clarification: Rest others are cost and schedule considerations.

4. What is time to market?
a) The ability to insert a component into a system depends on the decomposition of the system into components
b) It is ability to make changes quickly and cost effectively follows directly from architecture
c) It is ability of system to run into different environments
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Time to market-The ability to insert a component into a system depends on the decomposition of the system into components.

5. Which of the following is true?
a) Time to market is increased by using pre-built components such as commercial off the shelf products
b) Time to market is reduced by using pre-built components such as commercial off the shelf products
c) Time to market is may or may not increase by using pre-built components such as commercial off the shelf products
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Time to market is reduced by using pre-built components such as commercial off the shelf products.

6. What conclusion can be made from the following statements?
a) Different architecture will yield different development costs
b) Same architecture will yield different development costs
c) Same architecture will yield Same development costs
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Different architecture will yield different development costs.

7. Which of the following is correct for the architecture for cost?
a) Architecture the relies on technology is less expensive than that takes advantage of assets already in the house
b) Architecture the relies on technology is more expensive than that takes advantage of assets already in the house
c) Architecture the relies on technology is not affected in expense than that takes advantage of assets already in the house
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Architecture the relies on technology is more expensive than that takes advantage of assets already in the house.

8. Which of the following aspects are highlighted in projected lifetime of the system?
a) Reusability and Testability
b) Modifiability and Reusability
c) Reusability and Portability
d) Modifiability and Portability

Answer: d
Clarification: Modifiability and portability are the two aspects highlighted in projected lifetime of the system.

9. Which of the following is a key to market share?
a) Modifiability and Portability
b) Reusability and Testability
c) Portability and functionality
d) Reusability and functionality

Answer: c
Clarification: Portability and functionality are the key to market share.

10. Which of the following plays equal role in targeted market?
a) Performance, Security, Usability
b) Performance, Security, Functionality
c) Performance, Availability, Reliability
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Performance, Reliability, Usability plays an important role in targeted market.

11. Which of the following are important aspects for the quality of roll-out schedule?
a) Flexibility and Customizability
b) Flexibility and Reusability
c) Reusability and Customizability
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Flexibility and Customizability are the important aspects for the quality of roll-out schedule.

12. Which of the following is considered for the extensive use of legacy systems?
a) If the new system must integrate with the existing systems, care must be taken to define appropriate integration mechanisms
b) If the new system must integrate with the existing systems, care may or may not be taken to define appropriate integration mechanisms
c) If the new system must integrate with the existing systems, care must not be taken to define appropriate integration mechanisms
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: If the new system must integrate with the existing systems, care must be taken to define appropriate integration mechanisms.

Software Architecture MCQs on “Capturing Architectural Information in an ADL”.

1. Architecture description language represent architectural structures that can be divided into which of the following?
a) Static
b) Dynamic
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Architecture description language represent architectural structures that can be divided into Static and Dynamic.

2. Which of the following is the essential feature of ADL?
a) The ability to provide structures
b) The ability to declare a component and name its type
c) The ability to support analytical capability
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: The ability to declare a component and name its type is the essential feature of ADL.

3. Which of the following is true for pipe?
a) From External perspective pipe has a true state
b) From Internal perspective pipe is stateless
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: From External perspective pipe is stateless and from Internal perspective pipe has a true state.

4. Which of the following in context to data in pipeline is correct?
a) The format conversion should be allowed as long as data that exit the pipe are semantically equivalent to the data that enter the pipe
b) The format conversion should be allowed as long as data that exit the pipe are syntactically equivalent to the data that enter the pipe
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The format conversion should be allowed as long as data that exit the pipe are semantically equivalent to the data that enter the pipe.

5. Which of the following are considered for connectors?
a) Connectors transfers data bidirectionally
b) Connectors connect two component of type procedure
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true with respect to connectors.

6. The behavior of the system can be communicated by which of the following?
a) By using execution models
b) By using Animation techniques
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: The behavior of the system can be communicated by all the mentioned.

7. Which of the following is true?
a) A dynamic structure requires a simulator to perform analysis
b) A dynamic structure does not requires a simulator to perform any analysis
c) Connectors transfers data unidirectionaly
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: A dynamic structure requires a simulator to perform analysis.

8. Which of the following must be estimated for performance analysis?
a) Reliability of each component
b) Resource usage of the component
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Resource usage of the component must be estimated for performance analysis.

9. Which of the following must be estimated for reliability analysis?
a) Reliability of each component
b) Resource usage of the component
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Reliability of each component must be estimated for reliability analysis.

10. Which of the following is true?
a) Once resource information is provided, portions of the system can be generate automatically
b) Once resource information is provided, portions of the system cannot be generate automatically
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: Once resource information is provided, portions of the system can be generate automatically.

Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “The Meteorological Anchor Desk System – Case Study I “.

1. Which of the following are not part of METOC Anchor desk system?
a) Local Observations
b) Forecasting Centers
c) Imaginary Sources
d) Digital signalling

Answer: d
Clarification: Digital Signalling is not a part of METOC Anchor desk System.

2. What is the full form of METOC?
a) Meteorological and Oceanic graphic
b) Meteorological and Graphical
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: METOC- Meteorological and Oceanic graphic.

3. What is the use of METOC?
a) It is designed for crisis situation
b) It has utility for the normal operations
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the uses of METOC.

4. Which of the following teams are involved in METOC?
a) Crisis planning team
b) Crisis management team
c) Crisis Action team
d) Crisis planning & Action team

Answer: d
Clarification: Crisis planning and action team are involved in METOC.

5. Which of the following is true for METOC Anchor desk?
a) The METOC Anchor desk is realized,virtual organization overlaid on top of existing METOC organizations
b) The METOC Anchor desk system does not attempt to change procedures
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: All of the mentioned are true for METOC Anchor desk.

6. Which of the following are missions of METOC from user point of view?
a) Provide environmental decision support to both planners and action team commanders
b) Assemble and integrate environmental information
c) Assimilate and interpret data for the commanders
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are mission of METOC from user point of view.

7. Which of the following are inputs for METOC?
a) The forecast of various weather conditions
b) Any kind of request for environmental support or tailored meteorological products during any phase of crisis
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Input of the METOC includes any kind of request for environmental support or tailored meteorological products during any phase of crisis.

8. Which of the following are results of analysis from inputs of METOC?
a) The forecast of various weather conditions
b) Any kind of request for environmental support or tailored meteorological products during any phase of crisis
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The results for the analysis are the forecast of various weather conditions.

9. Requests for the support can occur in which of the following forms?
a) Person to person
b) Via world wide web(WWW)
c) Via telephone, video conference, collaborative planning tool
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are the form of request to support.

10. Which of the following is false?
a) High bandwidth network permits the transmission of live video and audio
b) Low bandwidth permits the transmission of live video and audio
c) Visual imagery and hypermedia provides much higher communication bandwidth
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Clarification: Low bandwidth permits the transmission of live video and audio.

11. Which of the following is to be followed for seeing the same whiteboard image on a local screen?
a) Load a graphic image
b) Points to items of interests
c) Switch whiteboard pages
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are to be followed seeing the same whiteboard image on a local screen.

12. The Web is used by METOC Anchor desk to do which of the following?
a) Help train people in standard operating procedures
b) Switch whiteboard pages
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The Web is used by METOC Anchor desk to help train people in standard operating procedures.

13. During collaboration which of the following may be might be called up for viewing at any time?
a) East Pacific satellite image
b) Thirty six hour forecast
c) National Weather Service buoy data
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned might be called up during collaboration.

14. Which of the following is true?
a) The architecture of METOC is not novel
b) The architecture of METOC is novel and stable
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Clarification: The architecture of METOC is not novel.

15. The code for the system includes which of the following?
a) Web authoring code
b) High level scripts
c) Adaption code
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are included in the code for METOC.

16. The METOC Anchor desk uses which of the following emerging technology?
a) WWW
b) CORBA
c) Common object request broker architecture
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the mentioned are used as emerging technology in METOC Anchor desk.

17. Which of the following method is led in order to understand the architecture of METOC?
a) Architectural development Method
b) Evolutionary Architecture Method
c) Evolutionary Development Method
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Evolutionary Architecture Method is led in order to understand the architecture of METOC.

Software Design Questions and Answers for Aptitude test on “Software Requirement Specification”.

1. Which of the following statement is true?
a) The job of creating, modifying, and managing requirements over a product’s lifetime is called requirement development
b) The portion of requirements engineering concerned with initially establishing requirements is termed requirements engineering
c) The portion of requirements engineering concerned with controlling requirements changes is called requirement management
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Rest all are false.

2. Which is true for SRS?
a) SRS is the main input of the software product design process
b) SRS is the main output to the engineering design process
c) SRS is also the main output of the requirements specification activity
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: SRS is main output of the software product design process and vice versa.

3. SRS consists of?
a) Problem statement
b) Product design
c) Problem statement & Product design
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: It includes both.

4. Which of these are non-technical requirements?
a) Functional Requirements
b) Non-Functional Requirements
c) Developer’s Requirements
d) Data Requirements

Answer: c
Clarification: Developer’s requirements are not necessary and also non technical one.

5. Which is true about functional requirements?
a) A functional requirement is also called behavioral requirement
b) A functional requirement includes development and operational requirements
c) A functional requirement is a statement of how a software product must map program inputs to program outputs
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Clarification: Rest all options belongs to the non-functional requirements

6. Which of these are true for non functional requirements?
a) A non-functional requirement is also called behavioral requirements
b) A non-functional requirement is a statement that a software product must have certain properties
c) It consists of Development and operational requirements
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Choices are true related to non-functional requirements.

7. Which of these does not belong to the qualities of development requirements?
a) Performance
b) Response time
c) Maintainability
d) Performance & Response time

Answer: d
Clarification: The other choices represents operational requirements

8. Which of these does not belong to the qualities of operational requirements?
a) Memory usage
b) Portability
c) Reusability
d) Portability & Reusability

Answer: d
Clarification: The choices represents development requirements

9. Which of the following does data requirements allow for data?
a) Entering data
b) Leaving data
c) Storing data in product
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of these actions are followed by data requirements.

10. Technical level abstraction includes ______________
a) User level requirement
b) Physical level requirement
c) Operational level requirement
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All are the abstractions of technical requirements.

11. Which of the following statement is true?
a) A physical-level requirement is a statement about how a product must support stakeholders in achieving their goals or tasks
b) A operational-level requirement is a statement about the details of the physical form of a product, its physical interface to its environment, or its data formats
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: Both of the choices represents incorrect definitions.

12. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
a) Interaction design, the activity of specifying products that people are able to – use effectively and enjoyably, is an essential part of product design and hence is part of requirements development
b) SRS templates structure product design documentation but must be adapted to the product’s characteristics
c) Business requirements state client and development organization goals, while
technical requirements state product details
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Clarification: All of the choices are correct.