250+ TOP MCQs on Loading Conditions for Strength Design and Answers

Structural Analysis Multiple Choice Questions on “Loading Conditions for Strength Design”.

1. By this method, the load factors are:-
a) Smaller than 0.5
b) 0.5 < 0.75
c) 0.75 < 1
d) Larger than 1
Answer: d
Clarification: Resulting factored load are used to have a design to support the ultimate loads. So, factors are > 1.

2. Purpose of load factors is to account for:-
a) Lapse in designing
b) Lapse in constructing
c) Lapse in funding
d) Lapse in predicting magnitudes of dead or live load
Answer: d
Clarification: It accounts for uncertainties related to estimation of magnitude of dead or live loads.

3. Load factors used for live load are _____ than that used for dead loads.
a) Smaller
b) Larger
c) Depends upon case
d) Depends upon loading
Answer: b
Clarification: Magnitudes of dead loads can be predicted more accurately than magnitudes of live loads.

4. The load factor to be used with strength design depends upon:-
a) Amount of load
b) Is constant
c) Depends upon engineer
d) Depends upon type of structure
Answer: d
Clarification: Load factors are determined statistically and type of structures is considered.

5. Which of the following load combinations is recommended for building structures?
a) D + F
b) 1.4D + F
c) D + 1.4F
d) 1.4(D + F)
Answer: d
Clarification: These are mentioned inn ASCE 7-02 and can be verified from there.

6. When larger dead loads tend to reduce the effects of other loads, what is the recommended factor that is used with the dead load?
a) 0.9
b) 0.8
c) 0.7
d) 0.6
Answer: a
Clarification: 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H & 0.9D + 1E + 1.6H are the examples.

7. Load factors do not vary in relation to the seriousness of failure.
Is the above statement true or false?
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Load factors were developed on the assumption that designers would consider the seriousness of all the possible failure in specifying loads. Load factors are minimum values.

8. In the equation U-0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H, what is the load factor for H if the structural action of H counteracts that due to W or E?
a) 0.1
b) 0.05
c) 0.005
d) 0
Answer: d
Clarification: H should be included in design resistance here as lateral earth pressure opposes action of other forces.

9. In case of wind and seismic loads, how many times do we have to apply applicable equations?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b
Clarification: Wind and seismic loads can have two values depending upon direction of those forces, and it is possible for the sign of them to be different.

250+ TOP MCQs on Kinematic Indeterminacy of Beams & Frames and Answers

Structural Analysis Multiple Choice Questions on “Kinematic Indeterminacy of Trusses”.

1. The degree of freedom for the vertical guided roller is ________
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
Answer: b
Clarification: Vertical guided roller resists horizontal/axial force and bending moment. However, it cannot resist vertical forces as it slides down along the plane. Hence it has 1 degree of freedom.

2. What is kinematic indeterminacy for the given figure considering axial deformation?

a) 0
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
Answer: c
Clarification: The given beam is supported by roller support at both of its ends. Roller support, if considering axial deformation has two degrees of freedom i.e. Rotation and Horizontal sway. Therefore, the degree of freedom of the beam is 4.

3. What is kinematic indeterminacy for the given figure without considering axial deformation?

a) 0
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
Answer: b
Clarification: The given beam is supported by roller support at both of its ends. Roller support, if not considering axial deformation has one degree of freedom i.e. Rotation. Therefore, the degree of freedom of the beam is 2.

4. What is kinematic indeterminacy for the given figure considering axial deformation?

a) 0
b) 4
c) 6
d) 10
Answer: a
Clarification: The given beam is supported by fixed support at both of it ends. Fixed support, if not considering axial deformation does not any degree of freedom. Therefore, the degree of freedom of the beam is 0.

5. What is kinematic indeterminacy for the given figure?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
Answer: b
Clarification: The given beam is supported by fixed supports at both of its ends and intermediary roller support. Fixed does not provide any degree of freedom. Whereas, roller support provides both rotation and horizontal sway. But horizontal sway is already restricted by the ends fixed support. Thus, the only degree of freedom is the rotation about roller support.

6. The degree of freedom of a joint for the rigid jointed joint plane frame is _____
a) 0
b) 2
c) 3
d) 6
Answer: c
Clarification: Number of degree of freedom of a joint for the rigid jointed plane frame is 3 i.e. Horizontal sway, Vertical sway, and Rotation.

7. What is kinematic indeterminacy for the given figure without considering axial deformation?

a) 0
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
Answer: d
Clarification: The given set of frame consists of fixed end supports with two intermediate rigid joints. Each rigid joint allows horizontal sway, vertical sway, and rotation. Therefore, two rigid joints will have six degrees of freedom.

8. What is kinematic indeterminacy for the given figure without considering axial deformation?

a) 0
b) 2
c) 3
d) 6
Answer: c
Clarification: The given set of frame consists of fixed end supports with two intermediate rigid joints. Each rigid joint allows horizontal sway, vertical sway, and rotation. But since the axial deformation is to be neglected. Therefore, vertical sway of the joints and either horizontal sway of a joint is neglected. Hence, degree of freedom is three.

9. The degree of freedom for a rigid jointed plane frame without axial deformation is given by 3j – m – r.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The degree of freedom for a rigid jointed plane frame without axial deformation is given by 3j – r, where j is the number of joint and r is the number of reactions.

10. The degree of freedom of the given typical joint is ______

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: d
Clarification: Horizontal hinged joint provides four degrees of freedom. Four freedom at the horizontal hinged joint are horizontal sways of both connected members, vertical deflection of the joint and rotation of the joint.

250+ TOP MCQs on Influence Line Diagram – Numericals and Answers

Structural Analysis Multiple Choice Questions on “Influence Line Diagram – Numericals”.

1. Concept of ILD is only applicable to the static indeterminate structure.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Concept of ILD for calculating shear force and bending moment is applicable to both statically determinate and indeterminate structures.

2. ILD for bending moment diagram of the cantilever beam is _______

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: d
Clarification: Maximum bending moment for cantilever beam occurs when the load is placed at free end, therefore ordinate of ILD of bending moment diagram will be maximum at a free end. When the load is at support itself, then the bending moment produced is zero, hence ordinate of ILD is zero.

3. ILD for the shear force at the support of the cantilever beam is __________

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: b
Clarification: For drawing ILD of shear force at the support we must neglect the support at the given point and then lift the member providing it unit displacement upward and let the rest of the beam follow the suit.

4. ILD for the shear force at section C for the given simply supported beam is _________

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: a
Clarification: For drawing ILD of shear force at section, any section other than the support, Assume roller at that section and apply downward push on the left arm of the section and upward push to the right section of the arm. Hence assuming roller at C, Downward and Upward push to the left and right of section respectively.

5. ILD for the bending moment at section C for the given simply supported beam is ________

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: b
Clarification: To draw ILD for Bending Moment at section E, we must assume internal hinge at the section and apply anticlockwise rotation to the left arm and clockwise rotation to the right of the arm. Thus, assuming an internal hinge at section C and applying rotation to the arms gives us figure B as ILD to bending moment at section C.

6. ILD for Shear force at section E is __________

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: a
Clarification: For drawing ILD of shear force at section, any section other than the support, Assume roller at that section and apply downward push on the left arm of the section and upward push to the right section of the arm. Hence assuming roller at E, Downward and Upward push to the left and right of section respectively.


7. ILD for Shear force at support A is _______

a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer

Answer: c
Clarification: For drawing ILD of shear force at the support we must neglect the support at the given point and then lift the member providing it unit displacement upward and let the rest of the beam follow the suit.


8. ILD for Shear force at support B is _______

a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer

Answer: d
Clarification: For drawing ILD of shear force at the support we must neglect the support at the given point and then lift the member providing it unit displacement upward and let the rest of the beam follow the suit.

9. ILD for Shear force at the section just right to the point A is _______

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: b
Clarification: For drawing ILD of shear force at section, any section other than the support, Assume roller at that section and apply downward push on the left arm of the section and upward push to the right section of the arm. But since the ILD is to be drawn for just to the right to A, we have to divide the section to the just right of A.

10. ILD for Bending Moment at section E is ________

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: b
Clarification: To draw ILD for Bending Moment at section E, we must assume internal hinge at the section and apply anticlockwise rotation to the left arm and clockwise rotation to the right of the arm. Thus, assuming an internal hinge at section E and applying rotation to the arms gives us figure B as ILD to bending moment at section E.


11. ILD for the member DI for the given truss if the unit load rolls along beam AB is ________

a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer

Answer: a
Clarification: Member DI is a zero force member if the load is supposed to be rolled along bottom beam AB. Therefore, ILD for member DI is zero throughout.


12. ILD for the member CH for the given truss if the unit load rolls along AB is _________

a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer

Answer: b
Clarification: If unit load is to roll along bottom beam AB, Force produces in CH will be zero if it is at supports or anywhere between joint I to B. However force in member CH will be maximum when load is placed at joint H. Since the truss as a whole structure will sag under the action of load, the member CH will be in tension.


13. ILD for the member CI for the given truss if the unit load rolls along AB is ________

a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer

Answer: d
Clarification: If a unit load is to roll along bottom beam AB, Force produces in CI will be zero if it is at supports. However, the force in the inclined member CI will change its nature as the load passes through joint H to Joint I. Since the truss as a whole structure will sag under the action of load, the joint C will be under compression and I will be in tension.

14. To draw qualitative ILD of indeterminate structure, which of the following concept is used.
a) Unit Load Method
b) Castigilano’s First energy theorem
c) Mullers Breslou’s Principle
d) Kani’s Method
Answer: c
Clarification: Mullers Breslou’s Principle is very useful in performing a qualitative analysis of ILD for indeterminate structure. Unit Load Method, Castigliano’s First Theorem and Kani’s Method are among various methods to determine displacement and rotation in a structure.

15. ILD for a fixed beam is determined by Mullers Brelou’s Principle.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Mullers Breslou’s Principle is very useful in performing a qualitative analysis of ILD for indeterminate structure. The fixed beam is an indeterminate structure and thus, ILD for a fixed beam is determined by Mullers Brelou’s Principle.

250+ TOP MCQs on Statically Indeterminate Structures and Answers

Structural Analysis Multiple Choice Questions on “Statically Indeterminate Structures”.

1. Most of the real world structures are statically determinate.
State whether the above statement is true or false.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Most of the real world structures are statically indeterminate owing to added supports or member or general form.

2. All reinforced concrete buildings are most of times:-
a) Statically determinate
b) Statically indeterminate
c) Mixture
d) Unstable
Answer: b
Clarification: This is because columns and beams are continuous in these cases over joints and supports.

3. in most cases, for a given loading maximum stress and deflection of an indeterminate structure are __________ than that of a determinate one.
a) Larger
b) Smaller
c) Larger for small load
d) Smaller for larger load
Answer: b
Clarification: Indeterminate structure deflects lesser than a determinate one.

4. Which structure will perform better during earthquake?
a) Statically determinate
b) Statically indeterminate
c) Both
d) Depends upon magnitude of earthquake
Answer: b
Clarification: Indeterminate structure has a tendency to redistribute its load to its redundant supports in case of overloading.

5. There are two beams of equal length L and a load P is acting on centre of both beams. One of them is simply supported at both ends while the other one is fixed at both ends. Deflection of centre of simply supported beam will be __________ times that of defection of centre of fixed beam.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: d
Clarification: Maximum moment developed in simply supported beam will be twice that of fixed supported and hence, we can find deflections.

6. Which type of structure would cost less in terms of materials?
a) Statically determinate
b) Statically indeterminate
c) Both will cost equally
d) Depends upon loading
Answer: b
Clarification: Statically indeterminate would cost less as they can support a loading with thinner members and increased stability.

7. Which type of structure would cost less in terms of supports?
a) Statically determinate
b) Statically indeterminate
c) Both will cost equally
d) Depends upon loading
Answer: a
Clarification: Supports and joints of indeterminate structures are costly compared to that of a determinate one.

8. Differential settlement is problematic to which type of structure?
a) Statically determinate
b) Statically indeterminate
c) Both
d) Neither
Answer: b
Clarification: It causes development of internal stress in statically indeterminate structures.

9. Fabrication errors don’t cause additional stresses in statically indeterminate structures.
State whether the above statement is true or false.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Fabrication errors do cause generation of additional stresses in statically indeterminate structures.

10. If in the above problem in Q5, if load P is excessively increased in simply supported beam, then where would a hinge like point form?
a) At one of the ends
b) At both ends
c) At centre
d) At centre as well as both ends
Answer: b
Clarification: On application of excessive load, a hinge/pin like point forms at the centre of beam.

250+ TOP MCQs on Types of Structural Loads – 1 and Answers

Structural Analysis Multiple Choice Questions on “Types Of Structural Loads – 1”.

1. Which of the following structural loads are not applied commonly to a building?
a) Dead load
b) Rain load
c) Live load
d) Environmental load
Answer: b
Clarification: Rest three types of loads are always applied to buildings.

2. Dead load comprises of:-
a) Permanently attached loads
b) Temporarily attached loads
c) Permanent as well as temporary loads
d) Snow load
Answer: a
Clarification: They include weight of structural frame and that of walls, roofs etc.

3. Live loads, with time can vary in:-
a) Magnitude
b) Position
c) Neither position nor magnitude
d) Position as well as magnitude
Answer: d
Clarification: They are caused by occupancy, use and maintenance of buildings.

4. Most of the loads applied to a building are environmental load.
State whether this statement is true or false.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Most of the loads are dead followed by live loads.

5. Building codes require the partition load to be considered even without partition if live load is less than:-
a) 60 psf
b) 70 psf
c) 80 psf
d) 90 psf
Answer: c
Clarification: Modern buildings with less live load initially have high chances to acquire partition after some years.

6. In the method used to establish the magnitude of live load, what is the reference time period?
a) 30 years
b) 35 years
c) 50 years
d) 60 years
Answer: c
Clarification: Reference period is typically assumed to be around 50 years so as to establish magnitude of ASCE-02 live loads.

7. Impact loads are equal to the sum of the magnitude of the loads actually caused and the magnitude if the loads had they been dead loads.
State whether this statement is true or false.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Impact loads are equal to the difference between the above mentioned entities.

8. Impact load results from which type of effects of loads applied?
a) Static
b) Dynamic
c) Static and dynamic
d) Neither static nor dynamic
Answer: b
Clarification: For static load, impact effects are short lived.

9. How does an increase in the pitch of the roof affects the amount of load that can be placed on it?
a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) Remains constant
d) Depends upon case
Answer: b
Clarification: As rise increases w.r.t span, load carrying capacity decreases.

10. If R1 = 1.1 and R2 = 1.2, then what is value of Lr(in psf)?
a) 26.1
b) 26.2
c) 26.3
d) 26.4
Answer: d
Clarification: Lr = 20 * R1 * R2.

250+ TOP MCQs on Kinematic Indeterminacy of Trusses and Answers

Structural Analysis Multiple Choice Questions on “Kinematic Indeterminacy of Trusses”.

1. The degree of freedom for a pin jointed plane frame is given by 3j – m – r.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: The degree of freedom for a pin jointed plane frame is given by 2j–r, where j is the number of joint and r is the number of reactions.

2. The degree of freedom for a pin jointed space frame is given by ____
a) 2j – r
b) 3j – r
c) 3j – m – r
d) 6j – r
Answer: b
Clarification: The degree of freedom for a pin jointed space frame is given by 3j – r, where j is the number of joints and r is the number of reactions.

3. In case of pin jointed plane frame, rotational displacement of the nodes are not considered.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In case of pin jointed plane frame, rotational displacement of the nodes are not considered because member are not subjected to bending. Members are subjected to axial forces only.

4. Identify the correct statements of the followings.
a) Two degrees of freedom are available at each joint of pin jointed plane frame
b) Six degrees of freedom are available at each joint of pin jointed space frame
c) Four degrees of freedom are available at each joint of rigid jointed plane frame
d) Three degrees of freedom are available at each joint of pin jointed space frame
Answer: a
Clarification: Each joint of pin jointed plane frame, allows horizontal and vertical sway of the joint. Therefore, degree of freedom is two at a joint of pin jointed plane frame.

5. Calculate the kinematic indeterminacy of the following pin jointed plane frame.

a) 2
b) 6
c) 12
d) 18
Answer: c
Clarification: The truss is supported by hinged support at both ends. Hinged support in a pin jointed plane frame does not offers any degree of freedom as rotation is not considered. For the given truss, it consists of six pin joint offering two degree of freedom each. Therefore, the degree of freedom is 12.

6. Calculate the kinematic indeterminacy of the following pin jointed plane frame.

a) 12
b) 13
c) 14
d) 15
Answer: b
Clarification: The truss is supported by hinged support at one end and roller support at other end. Hinged support in a pin jointed plane frame does not offers any degree of freedom as rotation is not considered. But roller support offers horizontal movement and hence degree of freedom is 1. For the given truss, it consists of six pin joint offering two degree of freedom each. Therefore, the degree of freedom is 12 + 1 = 13.

7. Calculate the kinematic indeterminacy of the following pin jointed plane frame.

a) 8
b) 9
c) 10
d) 12
Answer: b
Clarification: The truss is supported by hinged support at one end and roller support at other end. Hinged support in a pin jointed plane frame does not offers any degree of freedom as rotation is not considered. But roller support offers horizontal movement and hence degree of freedom is 1. For the given truss, it consists of four pin joint offering two degree of freedom each. Therefore, the degree of freedom is 8 + 1 = 9.

8. Calculate the kinematic indeterminacy of the following pin jointed plane frame.

a) 8
b) 10
c) 12
d) 14
Answer: a
Clarification: The truss is supported by hinged support at both ends. Hinged support in a pin jointed plane frame does not offers any degree of freedom as rotation is not considered. For the given truss, it consists of four pin joint offering two degree of freedom each. Therefore, the degree of freedom is 8.

9. Calculate the kinematic indeterminacy of the following pin jointed plane frame.

a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 8
Answer: a
Clarification: The truss is supported by hinged support at both ends. Hinged support in a pin jointed plane frame does not offers any degree of freedom as rotation is not considered. For the given truss, it consists of two pin joint offering two degree of freedom each. Therefore, the degree of freedom is 4.

10. Calculate the kinematic indeterminacy of the following pin jointed plane frame.

a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 10
Answer: c
Clarification: The truss is supported by hinged support at both ends. Hinged support in a pin jointed plane frame does not offers any degree of freedom as rotation is not considered. For the given truss, it consists of four pin joint offering two degree of freedom each. Therefore, the degree of freedom is 8.